C++ 对象池 ObjectPool

本文介绍了ObjectPool类的设计与实现,用于管理对象内存,提高效率。通过重载`operator new`和`operator delete`,实现了对象在ObjectPool中的分配与释放。使用单例模式的ObjectPoolBase类提供了获取和归还对象的接口,简化了对象的生命周期管理。

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template<class _Ty>
class ObjectPool
{
	enum { nPollSize = 4 };  //最多三个对象
protected:
	struct _Node
	{
		_Node* next;
	};
	_Node* front; //头
	_Node* rear;  //尾
private:
	void ReFillPool() //填充
	{
		size_t total = sizeof(_Node) + sizeof(_Ty);
		for (int i = 0; i < nPoolSize; ++i)
		{
			_Node* s = (_Node*)malloc(total); //_Node 和 对象大小都开辟出来
			new(s + 1) _Ty();                 //在指针后面构造对象
			s->next = nullptr;
			rear->next = s;
			rear = s;
		}

	}
	void InitPool()  //初始化
	{
		if (rear != nullptr) return;
		_Node* head = (_Node*)malloc(sizeof(_Node));
		head->next = nullptr;
		front = rear = head;
	}
public:
	ObjectPool() :front(nullptr), rear(nullptr)
	{
		InitPool();
	}
	~ObjectPool()
	{
		clear();
	}
	_Ty* allocObjMemory() //获得对象池
	{
		if (front == rear) //为空 注入对象
		{
			ReFillPool();
		}
		_Node* s = front->next;  //不为空 取第一个结点
		front->next = s->next;   
		if (s == rear)
		{
			rear = front;
		}
		return (_Ty*)(s + 1); //返回 _Ty 对象 
	}
	void freeObjectMemory(void* pobj)
	{
		_Node* q = (_Node*)((char*)pobj - sizeof(_Node));
		//减去4,回到_Node链表
		q->next = rear->next; //将q 归还给链表 尾插
		rear->next = q;
		rear = q;
	}
};

在构造链表的过程中,尽管链表只有一个next成员,但是由于在链表填充的过程中,多分配了一个对象的空间大小
则该链表结构变成,前面4字节为Node指针,后面的为对象的内存

再看下面的代码

template<class _Ty>
class ObjectPool
{
private:
	enum { nPoolSize = 4 };
protected:
	struct _Node
	{
		_Node* next;
	};
	_Node* front;
	_Node* rear;
	void InitPool()  //初始化
	{
		_Node* s = (_Node*)malloc(sizeof(_Node));
		s->next = nullptr;
		front = rear = s;
		ReFillPool();
	}
	void ReFillPool() //填充
	{
		int total = sizeof(_Node) + sizeof(_Ty);
		for (int i = 0; i < nPoolSize; ++i)
		{
			_Node* s = (_Node*)malloc(total);
			s->next = nullptr;
			rear->next = s;
			rear = s;
		}
	}
	void Clear()
	{
		_Node* p = nullptr;
		while (front->next != nullptr)
		{
			p = front->next;
			front->next = p->next;
			free p;
		}
		free front;
		front = rear = nullptr;
	}
public:
	ObjectPool() :front(nullptr), rear(nullptr)
	{
		InitPool();
	}
	~ObjectPool()
	{
		Clear();
	}
	ObjectPool(const ObjectPool&) = delete;
	ObjectPool& opertaor = (const ObjectPool&) = delete;

	_Ty* allocObjMemory()
	{
		if (front == rear)
		{
			ReFillPool();
		}
		_Node* s = front->next;
		front->next = s->next;
		if (s == rear) rear = front;
		return (_Ty*)((char*)s + sizeof(_Node));
	}
	void freeObjMemory(void* q)
	{
		_Node* p = (_Node*)(char*)q - sizeof(_Node);
		p->next = nullptr;
		rear->next = p;
		rear = p;
	}
};

class Point
{
private:
	float _x;
	float _y;
public:
	Point(float x = 0.0f, float y = 0.0f) :_x(x), _y(y) {}
	Point(const Point&) = default;
	Point& operator = (const Point&) = default;
	~Point() {}
	
public:
	void* operator new(size_t sz) //静态方法 没有this指针
	{
		return malloc(sz);
	}
	//1. 计算大小
	//2. 分配空间
	//3. 返回地址 调用构造函数
	void operator delete(void* p) //size_t sz
	{
		free(p);
	}
	//自动计算指针所指之物的大小,传递给delete
	//系统将new delete默认定义为静态
};
int main()
{
	Point* pa1 = new Point(1, 2);
	delete pa1;
}

系统对象operator new 和 operator delete 的重载进行了作弊行为,系统会将他们自动定义为静态函数,并且会自动计算类型的大小进行传入

  • operator new
  1. 计算大小
  2. 分配空间
  3. 返回地址 调用构造函数
  • delete
  1. 自动计算指针所指之物的大小,传递给delete

根据下面代码,我们在operator new 与 operator delete 调度ObjectPool,但是这样并不属于我们将对象创建好再直接去使用,而是一个一个去构建

template<class _Ty>
class ObjectPool
{
private:
	enum { nPoolSize = 4 };
protected:
	struct _Node
	{
		_Node* next;
	};
	_Node* front;
	_Node* rear;
	void InitPool()  //初始化
	{
		_Node* s = (_Node*)malloc(sizeof(_Node));
		s->next = nullptr;
		front = rear = s;
		ReFillPool();
	}
	void ReFillPool() //填充
	{
		int total = sizeof(_Node) + sizeof(_Ty);
		for (int i = 0; i < nPoolSize; ++i)
		{
			_Node* s = (_Node*)malloc(total);
			s->next = nullptr;
			rear->next = s;
			rear = s;
		}
	}
	void Clear()
	{
		_Node* p = nullptr;
		while (front->next != nullptr)
		{
			p = front->next;
			front->next = p->next;
			free p;
		}
		free front;
		front = rear = nullptr;
	}
public:
	ObjectPool() :front(nullptr), rear(nullptr)
	{
		InitPool();
	}
	~ObjectPool()
	{
		Clear();
	}
	ObjectPool(const ObjectPool&) = delete;
	ObjectPool& opertaor = (const ObjectPool&) = delete;

	_Ty* allocObjMemory()
	{
		if (front == rear)
		{
			ReFillPool();
		}
		_Node* s = front->next;
		front->next = s->next;
		if (s == rear) rear = front;
		return (_Ty*)((char*)s + sizeof(_Node));
	}
	void freeObjMemory(void* q)
	{
		_Node* p = (_Node*)(char*)q - sizeof(_Node);
		p->next = nullptr;
		rear->next = p;
		rear = p;
	}
};

class Point
{
private:
	static ObjectPool<Point> PointPool;
private:
	float _x;
	float _y;
public:
	Point(float x = 0.0f, float y = 0.0f) :_x(x), _y(y) {}
	Point(const Point&) = default;
	Point& operator = (const Point&) = default;
	~Point() {}
	
public:
	void* operator new(size_t sz) //静态方法 没有this指针
	{
		return PointPool.allocObjMemory();
		//函数本身没用this指针,成员属于私有成员,需要指针指向成员
		//PointPool设计为静态对象
	}
	void operator delete(void* p) //size_t sz
	{
		PointPool.freeObjMemory(p);
	}

};
int main()
{
	Point* pa1 = new Point(1, 2);
	Point* pa2 = new Point(3, 4);

	delete pa1;
	delete pa2;
	return 0;
}
template<class _Ty>
class ObjectPool
{
private:
	enum { nPoolSize = 4 };
protected:
	struct _Node
	{
		_Node* next;
	};
	_Node* front;
	_Node* rear;
	void InitPool()  //初始化
	{
		_Node* s = (_Node*)malloc(sizeof(_Node));
		s->next = nullptr;
		new(s + 1) _Ty(); //构建对象
		front = rear = s;
		ReFillPool();
	}
	void ReFillPool() //填充
	{
		int total = sizeof(_Node) + sizeof(_Ty);
		for (int i = 0; i < nPoolSize; ++i)
		{
			_Node* s = (_Node*)malloc(total);
			s->next = nullptr;
			rear->next = s;
			rear = s;
		}
	}
	void Clear()
	{
		_Node* p = nullptr;
		while (front->next != nullptr)
		{
			p = front->next;
			front->next = p->next;
			free(p);
		}
		free(front);
		front = rear = nullptr;
	}
public:
	ObjectPool() :front(nullptr), rear(nullptr)
	{
		InitPool();
	}
	~ObjectPool()
	{
		Clear();
	}
	ObjectPool(const ObjectPool&) = delete;
	ObjectPool& operator=(const ObjectPool&) = delete;

	_Ty* allocObjMemory()
	{
		if (front == rear)
		{
			ReFillPool();
		}
		_Node* s = front->next;
		front->next = s->next;
		if (s == rear) rear = front;
		return (_Ty*)((char*)s + sizeof(_Node));
	}
	void freeObjMemory(void* q)
	{
		_Node* p = (_Node*)(char*)q - sizeof(_Node);
		p->next = nullptr;
		rear->next = p;
		rear = p;
	}
};

template<class _Ty>
class ObjectPoolBase
{
public:
	_Ty* GetObject() //获得对象
	{
		return objpool.allocObjMemory();
	}
	void RetObject(_Ty* p) //归还对象
	{
		objpool.freeObjMemory(p);
	}
	static ObjectPoolBase<_Ty>& instance()
	{
		static ObjectPoolBase<_Ty> objbase;
		return objbase;
	}
private:
	using ClassTypePool = ObjectPool<_Ty>;
	ClassTypePool objpool;
};


class Point
{
private:
	static ObjectPool<Point> PointPool;
private:
	float _x;
	float _y;
public:
	Point(float x = 0.0f, float y = 0.0f) :_x(x), _y(y) {}
	Point(const Point&) = default;
	Point& operator = (const Point&) = default;
	~Point() {}
	
public:
	void* operator new(size_t) = delete;
	void operator delete(void*) = delete;
};

int main()
{
	ObjectPoolBase<Point>& pointpool = ObjectPoolBase<Point>::instance();

	Point* ap = pointpool.GetObject();

	pointpool.RetObject(ap);

	return 0;
}

这里添加ObjectPoolBase类型,使用单例模式来添加一个中间类,提供调用接口

template<class _Ty>
class ObjectPool
{
private:
	enum { nPoolSize = 4 };
protected:
	struct _Node
	{
		_Node* next;
	};
	_Node* front;
	_Node* rear;
	void InitPool()  //初始化
	{
		if (rear != nullptr) return;
		_Node* s = (_Node*)malloc(sizeof(_Node));
		s->next = nullptr;
		front = rear = s;
		ReFillPool();
	}
	void ReFillPool() //填充
	{
		int total = sizeof(_Node) + sizeof(_Ty);
		for (int i = 0; i < nPoolSize; ++i)
		{
			_Node* s = (_Node*)malloc(total);
			new(s + 1) _Ty();//构造对象
			s->next = nullptr;
			rear->next = s;
			rear = s;
		}
	}
	void Clear()
	{
		_Node* p = nullptr;
		while (front->next != nullptr)
		{
			p = front->next;
			front->next = p->next;
			free(p);
		}
		free(front);
		front = rear = nullptr;
	}
public:
	ObjectPool() :front(nullptr), rear(nullptr)
	{
		InitPool();
	}
	~ObjectPool()
	{
		Clear();
	}
	ObjectPool(const ObjectPool&) = delete;
	ObjectPool& operator=(const ObjectPool&) = delete;

	_Ty* allocObjMemory()
	{
		if (front == rear)
		{
			ReFillPool();
		}
		_Node* s = front->next;
		front->next = s->next;
		if (s == rear) rear = front;
		return (_Ty*)((char*)s + sizeof(_Node));
	}
	void freeObjMemory(void* q)
	{
		_Node* p = (_Node*)((char*)q - sizeof(_Node));
		p->next = nullptr;
		rear->next = p;
		rear = p;
	}
};

template<class _Ty>
class ObjectPoolBase
{
public:
	_Ty* GetObject() //获得对象
	{
		return objpool.allocObjMemory();
	}
	void RetObject(_Ty* p) //归还对象
	{
		objpool.freeObjMemory(p);
	}
	static ObjectPoolBase<_Ty>& instance()
	{
		static ObjectPoolBase<_Ty> objbase;
		return objbase;
	}
private:
	using ClassTypePool = ObjectPool<_Ty>;
	ClassTypePool objpool;
};


class Point
{
private:
	static ObjectPool<Point> PointPool;
private:
	float _x;
	float _y;
public:
	Point(float x = 0.0f, float y = 0.0f) :_x(x), _y(y) {}
	Point(const Point&) = default;
	Point& operator = (const Point&) = default;
	~Point() {}
public:
	void operator delete(void*) = delete;

};

int main()
{
	ObjectPoolBase<Point>& pointpool = ObjectPoolBase<Point>::instance();

	Point* ap = pointpool.GetObject();

	pointpool.RetObject(ap);

	return 0;
}
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