[Windows编程] SHLWAPI 和 CRT (C Runtime) 字符串处理函数的区别

本文探讨了CRT和SHLWAPI提供的字符串处理函数的区别,特别是针对Unicode支持和语言环境敏感性的不同表现。通过具体示例展示了在不同语言环境下函数行为的变化。

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CRT (C Runtime) 的字符串函数就是我们常见的 strcmp, strchr, strstr 等等

Windows 系统DLL shlwapi.dll  也提供了类似的字符串处理函数,只是大小写有所不同: StrCmp, StrChr, StrStr 等。

 

两者的区别在于:

1) CRT  的字符串函数不支持 Unicode 字符串 (wchar_t)

2) CRT  的字符串函数不考虑系统的语言环境(locale), 而SHLWAPI 得函数则会考虑语言环境。举一个strrchr/StrRChr例子:

 

英文Windows系统上:

StrRChrA("/Test/縺・a.txt", NULL, '/')  返回 "/a.txt"

strrchr("/Test/縺・a.txt", '/') 返回 "/a.xls"

 
日文Windows系统上:

StrRChrA("/Test/縺・a.txt", NULL, '/')  返回 "/縺・a.txt"

strrchr("/Test/縺・a.txt", '/') 返回 "/a.txt"


日文字符的第二个字节是0x2f, 正好是 '/'(0x2f) , 所以strchr返回a.txt的前一个字符。在英文系统上,StrRChrA 认为所有字符都是ASCII,所以返回的结果和strrchr一样。 而到了日文系统上,StrRChrA 能够识别日文字符,于是返回正确结果。

 

cmake --build . --config Release 用于 .NET Framework 的 Microsoft (R) 生成引擎版本 16.11.2+f32259642 版权所有(C) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 Building Custom Rule D:/liubo/workspace/Git/breakpad/CMakeLists.txt client_info.cc crash_generation_client.cc D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\crash_generation\crash_generation_client.cc(289,19): error C2664: “HANDLE CreateFileA(LPCST R,DWORD,DWORD,LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES,DWORD,DWORD,HANDLE)”: 无法将参数 1 从“const wchar_t *”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpa d_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\crash_generation\crash_generation_client.cc(289,30): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要 求 reinterpret_ cast、C 样式强制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\fileapi.h(81,1): message : 参见“CreateFileA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_clien t.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\crash_generation\crash_generation_client.cc(307,8): error C2664: “BOOL WaitNamedPipeA(LPCST R,DWORD)”: 无法将参数 1 从“const wchar_t *”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\crash_generation\crash_generation_client.cc(307,24): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要 求 reinterpret_ cast、C 样式强制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\winbase.h(6188,1): message : 参见“WaitNamedPipeA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_ client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\crash_generation\crash_generation_client.cc(385,25): error C2664: “HANDLE CreateFileA(LPCST R,DWORD,DWORD,LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES,DWORD,DWORD,HANDLE)”: 无法将参数 1 从“const wchar_t *”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpa d_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\crash_generation\crash_generation_client.cc(385,36): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要 求 reinterpret_ cast、C 样式强制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\fileapi.h(81,1): message : 参见“CreateFileA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_clien t.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\crash_generation\crash_generation_client.cc(404,8): error C2664: “BOOL WaitNamedPipeA(LPCST R,DWORD)”: 无法将参数 1 从“const wchar_t *”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\crash_generation\crash_generation_client.cc(404,24): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要 求 reinterpret_ cast、C 样式强制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\winbase.h(6188,1): message : 参见“WaitNamedPipeA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_ client.vcxproj] crash_generation_server.cc D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\crash_generation\crash_generation_server.cc(248,11): error C2664: “HANDLE CreateNamedPipeA( LPCSTR,DWORD,DWORD,DWORD,DWORD,DWORD,DWORD,LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES)”: 无法将参数 1 从“const _Elem *”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build \breakpad_client.vcxproj] with [ _Elem=wchar_t ] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\crash_generation\crash_generation_server.cc(248,43): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要 求 reinterpret_ cast、C 样式强制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\winbase.h(6126,1): message : 参见“CreateNamedPipeA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpa d_client.vcxproj] exception_handler.cc D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\handler\exception_handler.cc(234,49): error C2664: “HMODULE LoadLibraryA(LPCSTR)”: 无法将参 数 1 从“const wchar_t [12]”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\handler\exception_handler.cc(234,35): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强制转换或函 数样式强制转换 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\libloaderapi.h(657,1): message : 参见“LoadLibraryA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpa d_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\handler\exception_handler.cc(243,47): error C2664: “HMODULE LoadLibraryA(LPCSTR)”: 无法将参 数 1 从“const wchar_t [11]”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\handler\exception_handler.cc(243,34): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强制转换或函 数样式强制转换 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\libloaderapi.h(657,1): message : 参见“LoadLibraryA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpa d_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\handler\exception_handler.cc(925,24): error C2664: “HANDLE CreateFileA(LPCSTR,DWORD,DWORD,L PSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES,DWORD,DWORD,HANDLE)”: 无法将参数 1 从“const wchar_t *”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxpro j] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\client\windows\handler\exception_handler.cc(925,35): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强制转换或函 数样式强制转换 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\fileapi.h(81,1): message : 参见“CreateFileA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_clien t.vcxproj] crash_report_sender.cc guid_string.cc http_upload.cc D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(188,59): error C2664: “HMODULE GetModuleHandleA(LPCSTR)”: 无法将参数 1 从“const wc har_t [12]”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(188,45): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强 制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\li ubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\libloaderapi.h(260,1): message : 参见“GetModuleHandleA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\bre akpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(185,11): error C2660: “FormatMessageW”: 函数不接受 6 个参数 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\ breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\winbase.h(2471,1): message : 参见“FormatMessageW”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_ client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(344,35): error C2440: “=”: 无法从“wchar_t [16]”转换为“LPSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\G it\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(344,29): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强 制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\li ubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(346,35): error C2440: “=”: 无法从“wchar_t [256]”转换为“LPSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\ Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(346,31): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强 制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\li ubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(348,34): error C2440: “=”: 无法从“wchar_t [1024]”转换为“LPSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace \Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(348,30): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强 制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\li ubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(350,10): error C2664: “BOOL InternetCrackUrlA(LPCSTR,DWORD,DWORD,LPURL_COMPO NENTSA)”: 无法将参数 1 从“const _Elem *”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] with [ _Elem=wchar_t ] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(350,36): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强 制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\li ubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\wininet.h(760,1): message : 参见“InternetCrackUrlA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpa d_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(363,33): error C2664: “HINTERNET InternetOpenA(LPCSTR,DWORD,LPCSTR,LPCSTR,DW ORD)”: 无法将参数 1 从“const wchar_t [23]”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(363,46): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强 制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\li ubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\wininet.h(861,25): message : 参见“InternetOpenA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_c lient.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(363,32): error C2512: “`anonymous-namespace'::AutoInternetHandle::AutoIntern etHandle”: 没有合适的默认构造函数可用 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(373,35): error C2664: “HINTERNET InternetConnectA(HINTERNET,LPCSTR,INTERNET_ PORT,LPCSTR,LPCSTR,DWORD,DWORD,DWORD_PTR)”: 无法将参数 2 从“wchar_t [256]”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj ] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(374,9): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\liu bo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\wininet.h(903,1): message : 参见“InternetConnectA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad _client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(373,34): error C2512: “`anonymous-namespace'::AutoInternetHandle::AutoIntern etHandle”: 没有合适的默认构造函数可用 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(388,32): error C2664: “HINTERNET HttpOpenRequestA(HINTERNET,LPCSTR,LPCSTR,LP CSTR,LPCSTR,LPCSTR *,DWORD,DWORD_PTR)”: 无法将参数 2 从“const _Elem *”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] with [ _Elem=wchar_t ] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(389,26): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强 制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\li ubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\wininet.h(2468,25): message : 参见“HttpOpenRequestA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakp ad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(388,31): error C2512: “`anonymous-namespace'::AutoInternetHandle::AutoIntern etHandle”: 没有合适的默认构造函数可用 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(402,12): error C2664: “BOOL HttpAddRequestHeadersA(HINTERNET,LPCSTR,DWORD,DW ORD)”: 无法将参数 2 从“const _Elem *”转换为“LPCSTR” [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] with [ _Elem=wchar_t ] D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common\windows\http_upload.cc(403,59): message : 与指向的类型无关;强制转换要求 reinterpret_cast、C 样式强 制转换或函数样式强制转换 [D:\li ubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] D:\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.19041.0\um\wininet.h(2494,9): message : 参见“HttpAddRequestHeadersA”的声明 [D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\b reakpad_client.vcxproj] pdb_source_line_writer.cc D:\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\src\common/windows/omap_internal.h(36,10): fatal error C1083: 无法打开包括文件: “dia2.h”: No such file or directory [D :\liubo\workspace\Git\breakpad\build\breakpad_client.vcxproj] string_utils.cc 正在生成代码... 构建报错
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07-17
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