CF 174(div2) D

D. Cow Program
time limit per test
2 seconds
memory limit per test
256 megabytes
input
standard input
output
standard output

Farmer John has just given the cows a program to play with! The program contains two integer variables,x and y, and performs the following operations on a sequencea1, a2, ..., an of positive integers:

  1. Initially, x = 1 and y = 0. If, after any step, x ≤ 0 orx > n, the program immediately terminates.
  2. The program increases both x and y by a value equal to ax simultaneously.
  3. The program now increases y by ax while decreasing x by ax.
  4. The program executes steps 2 and 3 (first step 2, then step 3) repeatedly until it terminates (it may never terminate). So, the sequence of executed steps may start with: step 2, step 3, step 2, step 3, step 2 and so on.

The cows are not very good at arithmetic though, and they want to see how the program works. Please help them!

You are given the sequence a2, a3, ..., an. Suppose for eachi (1 ≤ i ≤ n - 1) we run the program on the sequencei, a2, a3, ..., an. For each such run output the final value ofy if the program terminates or -1 if it does not terminate.

Input

The first line contains a single integer, n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2·105). The next line containsn - 1 space separated integers, a2, a3, ..., an (1 ≤ ai ≤ 109).

Output

Output n - 1 lines. On the i-th line, print the requested value when the program is run on the sequencei, a2, a3, ...an.

Please do not use the %lld specifier to read or write 64-bit integers in С++. It is preferred to use thecin, cout streams or the%I64d specifier.

Sample test(s)
Input
4
2 4 1
Output
3
6
8
Input
3
1 2
Output
-1
-1
Note

In the first sample

  1. For i = 1,  x becomes andy becomes 1 + 2 = 3.
  2. For i = 2,  x becomes andy becomes 2 + 4 = 6.
  3. For i = 3,  x becomes andy becomes 3 + 1 + 4 = 8.

直接做肯定超时,需要用记忆化搜索到达每个x对应的直到结束时y的累积增量,注意这里的记忆状态有二维,因为到达x时是进行操作1,还是2对结果的影响是不同的!

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#define LL long long
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 200000 + 5;

int n;
LL num[maxn];
int vis[maxn][2];
LL go[maxn][2];

LL find(int x,int kind){
    if(go[x][kind]) return go[x][kind];
    if(vis[x][kind] == 1) {
        return go[x][kind] = -1;
    }
    vis[x][kind] = 1;
    if(kind == 1 && x + num[x] > n){
        return go[x][kind] = num[x];
    }
    else if(kind == 0 && x-num[x] <= 0){
        return go[x][kind] = num[x];
    }
    LL tem = find(x+(kind==1?num[x]:-num[x]),(kind+1)%2);//分kind讨论,1代表当前为操作1,0代表操作2
    if(tem != -1)
        return go[x][kind] = tem + num[x];
    else return go[x][kind] = -1;
}

int main(){
    while(cin >> n){
        memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
        memset(go,0,sizeof(go));
        for(int i = 2;i <= n;i++) cin >> num[i];
        LL x,y;
        for(int i = 2;i <= n;i++){
            y = i-1;
            LL tem = find(i,0);
            if(tem == -1){
                cout << -1 << endl;
                continue;
            }
            y += tem;
            cout << y << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

【无人机】基于改进粒子群算法的无人机路径规划研究[和遗传算法、粒子群算法进行比较](Matlab代码实现)内容概要:本文围绕基于改进粒子群算法的无人机路径规划展开研究,重点探讨了在复杂环境中利用改进粒子群算法(PSO)实现无人机三维路径规划的方法,并将其与遗传算法(GA)、标准粒子群算法等传统优化算法进行对比分析。研究内容涵盖路径规划的多目标优化、避障策略、航路点约束以及算法收敛性和寻优能力的评估,所有实验均通过Matlab代码实现,提供了完整的仿真验证流程。文章还提到了多种智能优化算法在无人机路径规划中的应用比较,突出了改进PSO在收敛速度和全局寻优方面的优势。; 适合人群:具备一定Matlab编程基础和优化算法知识的研究生、科研人员及从事无人机路径规划、智能优化算法研究的相关技术人员。; 使用场景及目标:①用于无人机在复杂地形或动态环境下的三维路径规划仿真研究;②比较不同智能优化算法(如PSO、GA、蚁群算法、RRT等)在路径规划中的性能差异;③为多目标优化问题提供算法选型和改进思路。; 阅读建议:建议读者结合文中提供的Matlab代码进行实践操作,重点关注算法的参数设置、适应度函数设计及路径约束处理方式,同时可参考文中提到的多种算法对比思路,拓展到其他智能优化算法的研究与改进中。
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