将两个有序链表合并为一个新的有序链表并返回。新链表是通过拼接给定的两个链表的所有节点组成的。
示例:
输入:1->2->4, 1->3->4
输出:1->1->2->3->4->4
方法 1:递归
想法
我们可以如下递归地定义在两个链表里的 merge
操作(忽略边界情况,比如空链表等):
也就是说,两个链表头部较小的一个与剩下元素的 merge
操作结果合并。
算法 我们直接将以上递归过程建模,首先考虑边界情况。 特殊的,如果 l1 或者 l2 一开始就是 null ,那么没有任何操作需要合并,所以我们只需要返回非空链表。否则,我们要判断 l1 和 l2 哪一个的头元素更小,然后递归地决定下一个添加到结果里的值。如果两个链表都是空的,那么过程终止,所以递归过程最终一定会终止。
JAVA
class Solution
{
public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode l1, ListNode l2)
{
if (l1 == null)
{
return l2;
}
else if (l2 == null)
{
return l1;
}
else if (l1.val < l2.val)
{
l1.next = mergeTwoLists(l1.next, l2);//将小的那一个作为前一个节点
return l1;
}
else
{
l2.next = mergeTwoLists(l1, l2.next); //将大的那一个作为前一个节点
return l2;
}
}
}
public class MainClass {
public static int[] stringToIntegerArray(String input) {
input = input.trim();
input = input.substring(1, input.length() - 1);
if (input.length() == 0) {
return new int[0];
}
String[] parts = input.split(",");
int[] output = new int[parts.length];
for(int index = 0; index < parts.length; index++) {
String part = parts[index].trim();
output[index] = Integer.parseInt(part);
}
return output;
}
public static ListNode stringToListNode(String input) {
// Generate array from the input
int[] nodeValues = stringToIntegerArray(input);
// Now convert that list into linked list
ListNode dummyRoot = new ListNode(0);
ListNode ptr = dummyRoot;
for(int item : nodeValues) {
ptr.next = new ListNode(item);
ptr = ptr.next;
}
return dummyRoot.next;
}
public static String listNodeToString(ListNode node) {
if (node == null) {
return "[]";
}
String result = "";
while (node != null) {
result += Integer.toString(node.val) + ", ";
node = node.next;
}
return "[" + result.substring(0, result.length() - 2) + "]";
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
ListNode l1 = stringToListNode(line);
line = in.readLine();
ListNode l2 = stringToListNode(line);
ListNode ret = new Solution().mergeTwoLists(l1, l2);
String out = listNodeToString(ret);
System.out.print(out);
}
}
}
Python
class Solution:
def mergeTwoLists(self, l1, l2):
if l1 is None:
return l2
elif l2 is None:
return l1
elif l1.val < l2.val:
l1.next = self.mergeTwoLists(l1.next, l2) #将小的那一个作为前一个节点
return l1
else:
l2.next = self.mergeTwoLists(l1, l2.next)#将大的那一个作为前一个节点
return l2
def stringToListNode(input):
# Generate list from the input
numbers = json.loads(input)
# Now convert that list into linked list
dummyRoot = ListNode(0)
ptr = dummyRoot
for number in numbers:
ptr.next = ListNode(number)
ptr = ptr.next
ptr = dummyRoot.next
return ptr
def listNodeToString(node):
if not node:
return "[]"
result = ""
while node:
result += str(node.val) + ", "
node = node.next
return "[" + result[:-2] + "]"
def main():
import sys
def readlines():
for line in sys.stdin:
yield line.strip('\n')
lines = readlines()
while True:
try:
line = lines.next()
l1 = stringToListNode(line)
line = lines.next()
l2 = stringToListNode(line)
ret = Solution().mergeTwoLists(l1, l2)
out = listNodeToString(ret)
print out
except StopIteration:
break
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
方法 2:迭代
想法
我们可以用迭代的方法来实现上述算法。我们假设 l1 元素严格比 l2元素少,我们可以将 l2 中的元素逐一插入 l1 中正确的位置。
算法
首先,我们设定一个哨兵节点 "prehead" ,这可以在最后让我们比较容易地返回合并后的链表。我们维护一个 prev 指针,我们需要做的是调整它的 next 指针。然后,我们重复以下过程,直到 l1 或者 l2 指向了 null :如果 l1 当前位置的值小于等于 l2 ,我们就把 l1 的值接在 prev 节点的后面同时将 l1 指针往后移一个。否则,我们对 l2 做同样的操作。不管我们将哪一个元素接在了后面,我们都把 prev 向后移一个元素。
在循环终止的时候, l1 和 l2 至多有一个是非空的。由于输入的两个链表都是有序的,所以不管哪个链表是非空的,它包含的所有元素都比前面已经合并链表中的所有元素都要大。这意味着我们只需要简单地将非空链表接在合并链表的后面,并返回合并链表。
依次类推。。。。
class Solution
{
public ListNode mergeTwoLists(ListNode l1, ListNode l2)
{
// maintain an unchanging reference to node ahead of the return node.
ListNode prehead = new ListNode(-1);
ListNode prev = prehead;
while (l1 != null && l2 != null)
{
if (l1.val <= l2.val)
{
prev.next = l1;
l1 = l1.next;
}
else
{
prev.next = l2;
l2 = l2.next;
}
prev = prev.next;
}
// exactly one of l1 and l2 can be non-null at this point, so connect
// the non-null list to the end of the merged list.
prev.next = l1 == null ? l2 : l1;
return prehead.next;
}
}
public class MainClass {
public static int[] stringToIntegerArray(String input) {
input = input.trim();
input = input.substring(1, input.length() - 1);
if (input.length() == 0) {
return new int[0];
}
String[] parts = input.split(",");
int[] output = new int[parts.length];
for(int index = 0; index < parts.length; index++) {
String part = parts[index].trim();
output[index] = Integer.parseInt(part);
}
return output;
}
public static ListNode stringToListNode(String input) {
// Generate array from the input
int[] nodeValues = stringToIntegerArray(input);
// Now convert that list into linked list
ListNode dummyRoot = new ListNode(0);
ListNode ptr = dummyRoot;
for(int item : nodeValues) {
ptr.next = new ListNode(item);
ptr = ptr.next;
}
return dummyRoot.next;
}
public static String listNodeToString(ListNode node) {
if (node == null) {
return "[]";
}
String result = "";
while (node != null) {
result += Integer.toString(node.val) + ", ";
node = node.next;
}
return "[" + result.substring(0, result.length() - 2) + "]";
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
ListNode l1 = stringToListNode(line);
line = in.readLine();
ListNode l2 = stringToListNode(line);
ListNode ret = new Solution().mergeTwoLists(l1, l2);
String out = listNodeToString(ret);
System.out.print(out);
}
}
}
class Solution:
def mergeTwoLists(self, l1, l2):
# maintain an unchanging reference to node ahead of the return node.
prehead = ListNode(-1)
prev = prehead
while l1 and l2:
if l1.val <= l2.val:
prev.next = l1
l1 = l1.next
else:
prev.next = l2
l2 = l2.next
prev = prev.next
# exactly one of l1 and l2 can be non-null at this point, so connect
# the non-null list to the end of the merged list.
prev.next = l1 if l1 is not None else l2
return prehead.next
def stringToListNode(input):
# Generate list from the input
numbers = json.loads(input)
# Now convert that list into linked list
dummyRoot = ListNode(0)
ptr = dummyRoot
for number in numbers:
ptr.next = ListNode(number)
ptr = ptr.next
ptr = dummyRoot.next
return ptr
def listNodeToString(node):
if not node:
return "[]"
result = ""
while node:
result += str(node.val) + ", "
node = node.next
return "[" + result[:-2] + "]"
def main():
import sys
def readlines():
for line in sys.stdin:
yield line.strip('\n')
lines = readlines()
while True:
try:
line = lines.next()
l1 = stringToListNode(line)
line = lines.next()
l2 = stringToListNode(line)
ret = Solution().mergeTwoLists(l1, l2)
out = listNodeToString(ret)
print out
except StopIteration:
break
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()