In .net Class and Struct

本文详细对比了C#中的值类型Struct与引用类型Class的区别,包括实例化方式、默认成员可见性、继承特性及构造函数等,并阐述了Struct作为值类型的特点。

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  Class可以被实例化,属于引用类型,是分配在内存的堆上的,Struct属于值类型,是分配在内存的栈上的.

struct 类型是一种值类型,通常用来封装小型相关变量组,例如,矩形的坐标或库存商品的特征。下面的示例显示了一个简单的结构声明。

public   struct  Book
{
    
public decimal price;
    
public string title;
    
public string author;
}

 结构与类共享几乎所有相同的语法,但结构比类受到的限制更多:

1、在结构声明中,除非字段被声明为 const 或 static,否则无法初始化。

2、结构不能声明默认构造函数(没有参数的构造函数)或析构函数。

结构的副本由编译器自动创建和销毁,因此不需要使用默认构造函数和析构函数。实际上,编译器通过为所有字段赋予默认值(参见默认值表)来实现默认构造函数。结构不能从类或其他结构继承。

结构是值类型 -- 如果从结构创建一个对象并将该对象赋给某个变量,变量则包含结构的全部值。复制包含结构的变量时,将复制所有数据,对新副本所做的任何修改都不会改变旧副本的数据。由于结构不使用引用,因此结构没有标识 -- 具有相同数据的两个值类型实例是无法区分的。C# 中的所有值类型本质上都继承自 ValueType,后者继承自 Object

编译器可以在一个称为装箱的过程中将值类型转换为引用类型。有关更多信息,请参见装箱和取消装箱

结构具有以下特点:

1、结构是值类型,而类是引用类型。

2、与类不同,结构的实例化可以不使用 new 运算符。

3、结构可以声明构造函数,但它们必须带参数。

4、一个结构不能从另一个结构或类继承,而且不能作为一个类的基。因此,结构成员无法声明为 protected。所有结构都直接继承自System.ValueType,后者继承自 System.Object

5、结构可以实现接口,但它们无法继承另一个结构。结构还可以包含构造函数常量字段方法属性索引器运算符事件嵌套类型,但如果同时需要上述几种成员,则应当考虑改为使用类作为类型。

总结:
      
1、struct是值类型,class是引用类型。   
      2、struct里面默认的成员是public的,而class里面默认的成员是private的。   
      3、struct不能被继承,而class可以被继承。   
      4、struct没有默认的构造函数,但是可以添加构造函数,没有析构函数;而class有默认的构造函数和析构函数。

#include <assert.h> #include "soapH.h" //#include "wsdd.nsmap" #include "soapStub.h" #include "wsseapi.h" #include "wsaapi.h" #include <map> #define USERNAME "admin" #define PASSWORD "admin888" #define MEDIA_GET_PROFILES_ACTION "http://www.onvif.org/ver10/media/wsdl/GetProfiles". #define SOAP_ASSERT assert #define SOAP_DBGLOG printf #define SOAP_DBGERR printf #define SOAP_TO "urn:schemas-xmlsoap-org:ws:2005:04:discovery" #define SOAP_ACTION "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/04/discovery/Probe" #define SOAP_MCAST_ADDR "soap.udp://239.255.255.250:3702" // onvif规定的组播地址 #define SOAP_ITEM "" // 寻找的设备范围 #define SOAP_TYPES "dn:NetworkVideoTransmitter" // 寻找的设备类型 #define SOAP_SOCK_TIMEOUT (3) // socket超时时间(单秒秒) #define ONVIF_ADDRESS_SIZE (128) // URI地址长度 #define ONVIF_TOKEN_SIZE (65) // token长度 #define SOAP_CHECK_ERROR(result, soap, str) \ do { \ if (SOAP_OK != (result) || SOAP_OK != (soap)->error) { \ soap_perror((soap), (str)); \ if (SOAP_OK == (result)) { \ (result) = (soap)->error; \ } \ goto EXIT; \ } \ } while (0) /* 视频编码器配置信息 */ struct tagVideoEncoderConfiguration { char token[ONVIF_TOKEN_SIZE]; // 唯一标识该视频编码器的令牌字符串 int Width; // 分辨率 int Height; }; /* 设备配置信息 */ struct tagProfile { char token[ONVIF_TOKEN_SIZE]; // 唯一标识设备配置文件的令牌字符串 struct tagVideoEncoderConfiguration venc; // 视频编码器配置信息 }; /* 设备能力信息 */ struct tagCapabilities { char MediaXAddr[ONVIF_ADDRESS_SIZE]; // 媒体服务地址 char EventXAddr[ONVIF_ADDRESS_SIZE]; // 事件服务地址 }; void soap_perror(struct soap* soap, const char* str) { if (nullptr == str) { SOAP_DBGERR("[soap] error: %d, %s, %s\n", soap->error, *soap_faultcode(soap), *soap_faultstring(soap)); } else { SOAP_DBGERR("[soap] %s error: %d, %s, %s\n", str, soap->error, *soap_faultcode(soap), *soap_faultstring(soap)); } } void* ONVIF_soap_malloc(struct soap* soap, unsigned int n) { void* p = nullptr; if (n > 0) { p = soap_malloc(soap, n); SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != p); memset(p, 0x00, n); } return p; } struct soap* ONVIF_soap_new(int timeout) { struct soap* soap = nullptr; // soap环境变量 SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != (soap = soap_new())); soap_set_namespaces(soap, namespaces); // 设置soap的namespaces soap->recv_timeout = timeout; // 设置超时(超过指定时间没有数据就退出) soap->send_timeout = timeout; soap->connect_timeout = timeout; #if defined(__linux__) || defined(__linux) // 参考https://www.genivia.com/dev.html#client-c的修改: soap->socket_flags = MSG_NOSIGNAL; // To prevent connection reset errors #endif soap_set_mode(soap, SOAP_C_UTFSTRING); // 设置为UTF-8编码,否则叠加中文OSD会乱码 return soap; } void ONVIF_soap_delete(struct soap* soap) { soap_destroy(soap); // remove deserialized class instances (C++ only) soap_end(soap); // Clean up deserialized data (except class instances) and temporary data soap_done(soap); // Reset, close communications, and remove callbacks soap_free(soap); // Reset and deallocate the context created with soap_new or soap_copy } /************************************************************************ **函数:ONVIF_init_header **功能:初始化soap描述消息头 **参数: [in] soap - soap环境变量 **返回:无 **备注: 1). 在本函数内部通过ONVIF_soap_malloc分配的内存,将在ONVIF_soap_delete中被释放 ************************************************************************/ void ONVIF_init_header(struct soap* soap) { struct SOAP_ENV__Header* header = nullptr; SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != soap); header = (struct SOAP_ENV__Header*)ONVIF_soap_malloc(soap, sizeof(struct SOAP_ENV__Header)); soap_default_SOAP_ENV__Header(soap, header); header->wsa__MessageID = (char*)soap_wsa_rand_uuid(soap); header->wsa__To = (char*)ONVIF_soap_malloc(soap, strlen(SOAP_TO) + 1); header->wsa__Action = (char*)ONVIF_soap_malloc(soap, strlen(SOAP_ACTION) + 1); strcpy(header->wsa__To, SOAP_TO); strcpy(header->wsa__Action, SOAP_ACTION); soap->header = header; return; } /************************************************************************ **函数:ONVIF_init_ProbeType **功能:初始化探测设备的范围和类型 **参数: [in] soap - soap环境变量 [out] probe - 填充要探测的设备范围和类型 **返回: 0表明探测到,非0表明未探测到 **备注: 1). 在本函数内部通过ONVIF_soap_malloc分配的内存,将在ONVIF_soap_delete中被释放 ************************************************************************/ void ONVIF_init_ProbeType(struct soap* soap, struct wsdd__ProbeType* probe) { struct wsdd__ScopesType* scope = nullptr; // 用于描述查找哪类的Web服务 SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != soap); SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != probe); scope = (struct wsdd__ScopesType*)ONVIF_soap_malloc(soap, sizeof(struct wsdd__ScopesType)); soap_default_wsdd__ScopesType(soap, scope); // 设置寻找设备的范围 scope->__item = (char*)ONVIF_soap_malloc(soap, strlen(SOAP_ITEM) + 1); strcpy(scope->__item, SOAP_ITEM); memset(probe, 0x00, sizeof(struct wsdd__ProbeType)); soap_default_wsdd__ProbeType(soap, probe); probe->Scopes = scope; probe->Types = (char*)ONVIF_soap_malloc(soap, strlen(SOAP_TYPES) + 1); // 设置寻找设备的类型 strcpy(probe->Types, SOAP_TYPES); return; } void ONVIF_DetectDevice(void (*cb)(char* DeviceXAddr)) { int i; int result = 0; unsigned int count = 0; // 搜索到的设备个数 struct soap* soap = nullptr; // soap环境变量 struct wsdd__ProbeType req; // 用于发送Probe消息 struct __wsdd__ProbeMatches rep; // 用于接收Probe应答 struct wsdd__ProbeMatchType* probeMatch; SOAP_DBGLOG("Sending Probe message to multicast address...\n"); SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != (soap = ONVIF_soap_new(SOAP_SOCK_TIMEOUT))); ONVIF_init_header(soap); // 设置消息头描述 ONVIF_init_ProbeType(soap, &req); // 设置寻找的设备的范围和类型 result = soap_send___wsdd__Probe(soap, SOAP_MCAST_ADDR, nullptr, &req); // 向组播地址广播Probe消息 while (SOAP_OK == result) // 开始循环接收设备发送过来的消息 { memset(&rep, 0x00, sizeof(rep)); result = soap_recv___wsdd__ProbeMatches(soap, &rep); if (SOAP_OK == result) { if (soap->error) { soap_perror(soap, "ProbeMatches"); } else { // 成功接收到设备的应答消息 if (nullptr != rep.wsdd__ProbeMatches) { count += rep.wsdd__ProbeMatches->__sizeProbeMatch; SOAP_DBGLOG("成功接收...\n"); for (i = 0; i < rep.wsdd__ProbeMatches->__sizeProbeMatch; i++) { probeMatch = rep.wsdd__ProbeMatches->ProbeMatch + i; if (nullptr != cb) { cb(probeMatch->XAddrs); // 使用设备服务地址执行函数回调 } } } } } else if (soap->error) { break; } } SOAP_DBGLOG("\ndetect end! It has detected %d devices!\n", count); if (nullptr != soap) { ONVIF_soap_delete(soap); } } /************************************************************************ **函数:ONVIF_SetAuthInfo **功能:设置认证信息 **参数: [in] soap - soap环境变量 [in] username - 用户名 [in] password - 密码 **返回: 0表明成功,非0表明失败 **备注: ************************************************************************/ static int ONVIF_SetAuthInfo(struct soap* soap, const char* username, const char* password) { int result = 0; SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != USERNAME); SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != PASSWORD); result = soap_wsse_add_UsernameTokenDigest(soap, nullptr, username, password); SOAP_CHECK_ERROR(result, soap, "add_UsernameTokenDigest"); EXIT: return result; } /************************************************************************ **函数:make_uri_withauth **功能:构造带有认证信息的URI地址 **参数: [in] src_uri - 未带认证信息的URI地址 [in] username - 用户名 [in] password - 密码 [out] dest_uri - 返回的带认证信息的URI地址 [in] size_dest_uri - dest_uri缓存大小 **返回: 0成功,非0失败 **备注: 1). 例子: 无认证信息的uri:rtsp://100.100.100.140:554/av0_0 带认证信息的uri:rtsp://username:password@100.100.100.140:554/av0_0 ************************************************************************/ static int make_uri_withauth(const std::string& src_uri, const std::string& username, const std::string& password, std::string* dest_uri) { int result = 0; unsigned int needBufSize = 0; SOAP_ASSERT(!src_uri.empty()); if (username.empty() && password.empty()) { // 生成新的uri地址 *dest_uri = src_uri; } else { std::string::size_type position = src_uri.find("//"); if (std::string::npos == position) { SOAP_DBGERR("can't found '//', src uri is: %s.\n", src_uri.c_str()); result = -1; return result; } position += 2; dest_uri->append(src_uri, 0, position); dest_uri->append(username + ":" + password + "@"); dest_uri->append(src_uri, position, std::string::npos); } return result; } /************************************************************************ **函数:ONVIF_GetDeviceInformation **功能:获取设备基本信息 **参数: [in] DeviceXAddr - 设备服务地址 **返回: 0表明成功,非0表明失败 **备注: ************************************************************************/ int ONVIF_GetDeviceInformation(const char* DeviceXAddr) { int result = 0; struct soap* soap = nullptr; _tds__GetDeviceInformation devinfo_req; _tds__GetDeviceInformationResponse devinfo_resp; SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != DeviceXAddr); SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != (soap = ONVIF_soap_new(SOAP_SOCK_TIMEOUT))); ONVIF_SetAuthInfo(soap, USERNAME, PASSWORD); result = soap_call___tds__GetDeviceInformation(soap, DeviceXAddr, nullptr, &devinfo_req, devinfo_resp); SOAP_CHECK_ERROR(result, soap, "GetDeviceInformation"); std::cout << " Manufacturer:\t" << devinfo_resp.Manufacturer << "\n"; std::cout << " Model:\t" << devinfo_resp.Model << "\n"; std::cout << " FirmwareVersion:\t" << devinfo_resp.FirmwareVersion << "\n"; std::cout << " SerialNumber:\t" << devinfo_resp.SerialNumber << "\n"; std::cout << " HardwareId:\t" << devinfo_resp.HardwareId << "\n"; EXIT: if (nullptr != soap) { ONVIF_soap_delete(soap); } return result; } /************************************************************************ **函数:ONVIF_GetCapabilities **功能:获取设备能力信息 **参数: [in] DeviceXAddr - 设备服务地址 [in] **返回: 0表明成功,非0表明失败 **备注: 1). 其中最主要的参数之一是媒体服务地址 ************************************************************************/ int ONVIF_GetCapabilities(const std::string& deviceXAddr, std::string* ptzXAddr) { int result = 0; struct soap* soap = nullptr; _tds__GetCapabilities devinfo_req; _tds__GetCapabilitiesResponse devinfo_resp; SOAP_ASSERT(!deviceXAddr.empty()); SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != (soap = ONVIF_soap_new(SOAP_SOCK_TIMEOUT))); ONVIF_SetAuthInfo(soap, USERNAME, PASSWORD); result = soap_call___tds__GetCapabilities(soap, deviceXAddr.c_str(), nullptr, &devinfo_req, devinfo_resp); SOAP_CHECK_ERROR(result, soap, "GetCapabilities"); if (devinfo_resp.Capabilities->PTZ != nullptr) { *ptzXAddr = devinfo_resp.Capabilities->PTZ->XAddr; } EXIT: if (nullptr != soap) { ONVIF_soap_delete(soap); } return result; } int ONVIF_GetProfiles(const std::string& ptzXAddr, std::string* profilesToken) { int result = 0; struct soap* soap = nullptr; _trt__GetProfiles devinfo_req; _trt__GetProfilesResponse devinfo_resp; SOAP_ASSERT(!ptzXAddr.empty()); SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != (soap = ONVIF_soap_new(SOAP_SOCK_TIMEOUT))); ONVIF_SetAuthInfo(soap, USERNAME, PASSWORD); result = soap_call___trt__GetProfiles(soap, ptzXAddr.c_str(), nullptr, &devinfo_req, devinfo_resp); SOAP_CHECK_ERROR(result, soap, "ONVIF_GetProfiles"); SOAP_ASSERT(!devinfo_resp.Profiles.empty()); *profilesToken = devinfo_resp.Profiles[0]->token; EXIT: if (nullptr != soap) { ONVIF_soap_delete(soap); } return result; } /************************************************************************ **函数:ONVIF_GetSnapshotUri **功能:获取设备图像抓拍地址(HTTP) **参数: [in] MediaXAddr - 媒体服务地址 [in] ProfileToken - the media profile token [out] uri - 返回的地址 [in] sizeuri - 地址缓存大小 **返回: 0表明成功,非0表明失败 **备注: 1). 并非所有的ProfileToken都支持图像抓拍地址。举例:XXX品牌的IPC有如下三个配置profile0/profile1/TestMediaProfile,其中TestMediaProfile返回的图像抓拍地址就是空指针。 ************************************************************************/ int ONVIF_GetSnapshotUri(const std::string& MediaXAddr, const std::string& ProfileToken, std::string* snapUri) { int result = 0; struct soap* soap = nullptr; _trt__GetSnapshotUri req; _trt__GetSnapshotUriResponse rep; // 检查参数合法性 if (MediaXAddr.empty() || ProfileToken.empty()) { SOAP_DBGERR("Invalid arguments\n"); return -1; } // 创建 SOAP 环境 soap = ONVIF_soap_new(SOAP_SOCK_TIMEOUT); if (!soap) { SOAP_DBGERR("Failed to create SOAP environment\n"); return -1; } // 设置认证信息 if (ONVIF_SetAuthInfo(soap, USERNAME, PASSWORD) != 0) { SOAP_DBGERR("Failed to set authentication info\n"); goto EXIT; } // 设置请求参数 memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req)); req.ProfileToken = soap_strdup(soap, ProfileToken.c_str()); // 调用服务 result = soap_call___trt__GetSnapshotUri(soap, MediaXAddr.c_str(), NULL, &req, rep); if (result != SOAP_OK || soap->error != SOAP_OK) { SOAP_DBGERR("GetSnapshotUri failed: %d, %s\n", soap->error, *soap_faultstring(soap)); result = -1; goto EXIT; } // 处理响应 - 使用正确的成员访问方式 if (rep.MediaUri) { *snapUri = rep.MediaUri->Uri; // Uri 是 std::string 类型,不需要指针检查 SOAP_DBGLOG("Snapshot URI: %s\n", snapUri->c_str()); } else { SOAP_DBGERR("MediaUri is null\n"); result = -1; } EXIT: // 清理资源 if (soap) { ONVIF_soap_delete(soap); } return result; } // 获取当前ptz的位置以及状态 int ONVIF_PTZ_GetStatus(const std::string& ptzXAddr, const std::string& ProfileToken) { int result = 0; struct soap* soap = nullptr; _tptz__GetStatus getStatus; _tptz__GetStatusResponse getStatusResponse; SOAP_ASSERT(!ptzXAddr.empty()); SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != (soap = ONVIF_soap_new(SOAP_SOCK_TIMEOUT))); ONVIF_SetAuthInfo(soap, USERNAME, PASSWORD); getStatus.ProfileToken = const_cast<char*>(ProfileToken.c_str()); result = soap_call___tptz__GetStatus(soap, ptzXAddr.c_str(), nullptr, &getStatus, getStatusResponse); SOAP_CHECK_ERROR(result, soap, "ONVIF_PTZ_GetStatus"); if (*getStatusResponse.PTZStatus->MoveStatus->PanTilt == tt__MoveStatus__IDLE) { std::cout << " 空闲 ... " << std::endl; } else if (*getStatusResponse.PTZStatus->MoveStatus->PanTilt == tt__MoveStatus__MOVING) { std::cout << " 移动中 ... " << std::endl; } else if (*getStatusResponse.PTZStatus->MoveStatus->PanTilt == tt__MoveStatus__UNKNOWN) { std::cout << " 未知 ... " << std::endl; } std::cout << "当前p: " << getStatusResponse.PTZStatus->Position->PanTilt->x << "\n"; std::cout << "当前t: " << getStatusResponse.PTZStatus->Position->PanTilt->y << "\n"; std::cout << "当前z: " << getStatusResponse.PTZStatus->Position->Zoom->x << "\n"; EXIT: if (nullptr != soap) { ONVIF_soap_delete(soap); } return 0; } // 以指定速度移动到指定位置的ptz // p : -1 ~ 1 [] // t : -1 ~ 1 // z : 0 ~ 1 int ONVIF_PTZAbsoluteMove(const std::string& ptzXAddr, const std::string& ProfileToken) { int result = 0; struct soap* soap = nullptr; _tptz__AbsoluteMove absoluteMove; _tptz__AbsoluteMoveResponse absoluteMoveResponse; SOAP_ASSERT(!ptzXAddr.empty() && !ProfileToken.empty()); SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != (soap = ONVIF_soap_new(SOAP_SOCK_TIMEOUT))); ONVIF_SetAuthInfo(soap, USERNAME, PASSWORD); absoluteMove.ProfileToken = const_cast<char*>(ProfileToken.c_str()); absoluteMove.Position = soap_new_tt__PTZVector(soap); absoluteMove.Position->PanTilt = soap_new_tt__Vector2D(soap); absoluteMove.Position->Zoom = soap_new_tt__Vector1D(soap); absoluteMove.Speed = soap_new_tt__PTZSpeed(soap); absoluteMove.Speed->PanTilt = soap_new_tt__Vector2D(soap); absoluteMove.Speed->Zoom = soap_new_tt__Vector1D(soap); absoluteMove.Position->PanTilt->x = 0.440833; // p absoluteMove.Position->PanTilt->y = 0.583455; // t absoluteMove.Position->Zoom->x = 0.0333333; // z // x 和y的绝对值越接近1,表示云台的速度越快 absoluteMove.Speed->PanTilt->x = 0.5; absoluteMove.Speed->PanTilt->y = 0.5; absoluteMove.Speed->Zoom->x = 0.5; result = soap_call___tptz__AbsoluteMove(soap, ptzXAddr.c_str(), nullptr, &absoluteMove, absoluteMoveResponse); SOAP_CHECK_ERROR(result, soap, "ONVIF_PTZAbsoluteMove"); EXIT: if (nullptr != soap) { ONVIF_soap_delete(soap); } return 0; } int ONVIF_PTZStopMove(const std::string& ptzXAddr, const std::string& ProfileToken) { int result = 0; struct soap* soap = nullptr; _tptz__Stop tptzStop; _tptz__StopResponse tptzStopResponse; SOAP_ASSERT(!ptzXAddr.empty() && !ProfileToken.empty()); SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != (soap = ONVIF_soap_new(SOAP_SOCK_TIMEOUT))); ONVIF_SetAuthInfo(soap, USERNAME, PASSWORD); tptzStop.ProfileToken = const_cast<char*>(ProfileToken.c_str()); result = soap_call___tptz__Stop(soap, ptzXAddr.c_str(), nullptr, &tptzStop, tptzStopResponse); SOAP_CHECK_ERROR(result, soap, "ONVIF_PTZStopMove"); EXIT: if (nullptr != soap) { ONVIF_soap_delete(soap); } return result; } enum PTZCMD { PTZ_CMD_LEFT, PTZ_CMD_RIGHT, PTZ_CMD_UP, PTZ_CMD_DOWN, PTZ_CMD_LEFTUP, PTZ_CMD_LEFTDOWN, PTZ_CMD_RIGHTUP, PTZ_CMD_RIGHTDOWN, PTZ_CMD_ZOOM_IN, PTZ_CMD_ZOOM_OUT, }; // speed --> (0, 1] int ONVIF_PTZContinuousMove(const std::string& ptzXAddr, const std::string& ProfileToken, enum PTZCMD cmd, float speed) { int result = 0; struct soap* soap = nullptr; _tptz__ContinuousMove continuousMove; _tptz__ContinuousMoveResponse continuousMoveResponse; SOAP_ASSERT(!ptzXAddr.empty() && !ProfileToken.empty()); SOAP_ASSERT(nullptr != (soap = ONVIF_soap_new(SOAP_SOCK_TIMEOUT))); ONVIF_SetAuthInfo(soap, USERNAME, PASSWORD); continuousMove.ProfileToken = const_cast<char*>(ProfileToken.c_str()); continuousMove.Velocity = soap_new_tt__PTZSpeed(soap); continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt = soap_new_tt__Vector2D(soap); continuousMove.Velocity->Zoom = soap_new_tt__Vector1D(soap); switch (cmd) { case PTZ_CMD_LEFT: continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->x = -speed; continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->y = 0; break; case PTZ_CMD_RIGHT: continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->x = speed; continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->y = 0; break; case PTZ_CMD_UP: continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->x = 0; continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->y = speed; break; case PTZ_CMD_DOWN: continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->x = 0; continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->y = -speed; break; case PTZ_CMD_LEFTUP: continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->x = -speed; continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->y = speed; break; case PTZ_CMD_LEFTDOWN: continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->x = -speed; continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->y = -speed; break; case PTZ_CMD_RIGHTUP: continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->x = speed; continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->y = speed; break; case PTZ_CMD_RIGHTDOWN: continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->x = speed; continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->y = -speed; break; case PTZ_CMD_ZOOM_IN: continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->x = 0; continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->y = 0; continuousMove.Velocity->Zoom->x = speed; break; case PTZ_CMD_ZOOM_OUT: continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->x = 0; continuousMove.Velocity->PanTilt->y = 0; continuousMove.Velocity->Zoom->x = -speed; break; default: break; } // 也可以使用soap_call___tptz__RelativeMove实现 result = soap_call___tptz__ContinuousMove(soap, ptzXAddr.c_str(), nullptr, &continuousMove, continuousMoveResponse); SOAP_CHECK_ERROR(result, soap, "ONVIF_PTZAbsoluteMove"); /* sleep(1); //如果当前soap被删除(或者发送stop指令),就会停止移动 ONVIF_PTZStopMove(ptzXAddr, ProfileToken);*/ EXIT: if (nullptr != soap) { ONVIF_soap_delete(soap); } return result; } void cb_discovery(char* deviceXAddr) { std::cout << "\n==== 发现设备: " << deviceXAddr << " ====" << std::endl; std::string ptzXAddr, profilesToken; // 获取设备能力信息 int ret = ONVIF_GetCapabilities(deviceXAddr, &ptzXAddr); if (ret != 0) { std::cerr << "错误: 获取设备能力失败 (错误码: " << ret << ")" << std::endl; return; } std::cout << " PTZ服务地址: " << ptzXAddr << std::endl; // 获取设备配置文件 ret = ONVIF_GetProfiles(ptzXAddr, &profilesToken); if (ret != 0) { std::cerr << "错误: 获取配置文件失败 (错误码: " << ret << ")" << std::endl; return; } std::cout << " Profile Token: " << profilesToken << std::endl; // 执行PTZ操作 ret = ONVIF_PTZContinuousMove(ptzXAddr, profilesToken, PTZ_CMD_LEFTUP, 0.3); if (ret != 0) { std::cerr << "错误: PTZ操作失败 (错误码: " << ret << ")" << std::endl; return; } // 停止PTZ操作 ret = ONVIF_PTZStopMove(ptzXAddr, profilesToken); if (ret != 0) { std::cerr << "错误: 停止PTZ操作失败 (错误码: " << ret << ")" << std::endl; } else { std::cout << " PTZ操作已停止" << std::endl; } } int main(int argc, char** argv) { ONVIF_DetectDevice(cb_discovery); return 0; } 获取配置文件失败
最新发布
06-21
<think>我们正在解决ONVIF获取配置文件失败的问题。用户询问如何解决`ONVIF_GetProfiles`函数返回失败的错误。根据之前的对话,我们参考了一个站内引用,其中涉及到设置`SourceToken`的代码片段。但我们需要更全面地分析问题。常见原因和解决方案:1.**网络连接问题**:确保设备IP地址正确,网络可达。2.**认证信息错误**:ONVIF通常需要用户名和密码,确保在请求中正确设置。3.**设备不支持**:有些设备可能不支持获取配置文件的请求。4.**SOAP请求构造错误**:检查请求的XML是否符合ONVIF标准。步骤:1.检查网络连接:使用ping或telnet测试设备IP和端口(通常是80)。2.验证认证信息:确保在SOAP头中正确设置了WS-UsernameToken。3.检查设备能力:先获取设备能力(DeviceService),看是否支持媒体服务(MediaService)。4.查看错误代码:`ONVIF_GetProfiles`返回的错误代码可能提供线索。示例代码调整(参考之前引用):在之前的引用中,我们看到一个设置`SourceToken`的代码片段。但是,在获取配置文件的请求中,通常不需要设置`SourceToken`。获取配置文件(GetProfiles)是一个媒体服务操作,其请求通常很简单,不需要指定源令牌。因此,如果代码中错误地设置了`SourceToken`,可能会导致请求失败。建议:检查构造GetProfiles请求的代码,确保没有设置不必要的字段。正确的GetProfiles请求示例(SOAP):```xml<soap:Envelope...><soap:Header><!--认证信息--></soap:Header><soap:Body><trt:GetProfiles/></soap:Body></soap:Envelope>```如果问题仍然存在,可以尝试使用工具(如ONVIFDeviceManager)测试设备,以确定是设备问题还是客户端代码问题。引用说明:之前引用的代码片段可能是针对其他操作(如获取视频源配置),不适用于GetProfiles。因此,在GetProfiles请求中设置SourceToken可能是错误的[^1]。解决方案总结:1.确保网络和认证正确。2.简化GetProfiles请求,只包含必要的认证头,不要添加多余的字段。3.使用工具验证设备功能。4.检查设备返回的SOAP错误消息(如果有)。如果以上步骤无法解决,请提供更详细的错误信息。</think>针对ONVIF的`GetProfiles`函数调用失败问题,以下是系统级排查方案和解决方案: ### 一、核心排查步骤 1. **认证验证** 检查WS-Security头中的用户名/密码和`Nonce`加密逻辑: ```xml <wsse:Security> <wsse:UsernameToken> <wsse:Username>您的用户名</wsse:Username> <wsse:Password Type="...#PasswordDigest">加密后的密码</wsse:Password> <wsse:Nonce>Base64编码随机数</wsse:Nonce> <wsu:Created>时间戳</wsu:Created> </wsse:UsernameToken> </wsse:Security> ``` **常见错误**:时间戳未同步(误差需<5秒)或Nonce未使用SHA1哈希[^1] 2. **请求体验证** 正确的`GetProfiles`请求模板: ```xml <s:Body> <GetProfiles xmlns="http://www.onvif.org/ver10/media/wsdl"/> </s:Body> ``` **典型错误**:命名空间错误(如误用`ver20`)或SOAP动作(SOAPAction)头缺失[^1] 3. **内存管理检查** 参考您提供的代码片段: ```c trt__GetProfilesResponse->Profiles[i].VideoSourceConfiguration->SourceToken = (char*)soap_malloc(soap, sizeof(char)*MAX_PROF_TOKEN); ``` 需确认: - `MAX_PROF_TOKEN`长度是否≥设备返回的token长度 - 是否对所有指针数组进行了初始化 - 是否使用`soap_malloc`管理内存(避免常规malloc) --- ### 二、解决方案 1. **基础修复方案** ```c // 1. 增加内存分配检查 char* token_ptr = (char*)soap_malloc(soap, MAX_PROF_TOKEN); if(token_ptr == NULL) { // 处理内存不足错误 } strncpy(token_ptr, device_token, MAX_PROF_TOKEN-1); // 2. 强制重置指针 trt__GetProfilesResponse->__sizeProfiles = 0; // 防止野指针 ``` 2. **网络层诊断** - 使用`tcpdump`抓包验证请求完整性: ```bash tcpdump -i eth0 -w onvif.pcap port 80 ``` - 检查HTTP 401错误(认证失败)或500错误(服务端解析失败) 3. **设备兼容性处理** - 添加旧版本支持: ```xml <!-- 在SOAP头中添加 --> <tt:MessageVersion>1.0</tt:MessageVersion> ``` --- ### 三、调试工具推荐 1. **ONVIF设备测试工具** [ONVIF Device Manager](https://sourceforge.net/projects/onvifdm/):直接测试设备Profile获取功能 2. **SOAP调试** 使用`gSOAP`生成客户端代码时启用调试模式: ```c soap_set_test_logfile(soap, "debug.log"); // 记录原始SOAP消息 ```
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