[官方做法]RHEL6（CentOS6）上安装Oracle 11g过程

Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) Installation On Oracle Linux 6

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准备：

A )

* 物理内存至少1GB

* SWAP：物理<2GB，物理内存的1.5倍

        2GB<物理<8GB, 与物理内存相同即可

        8GB<物理， 物理内存的0.75倍

B )

RHEL6 ( CentOS6 ) 需要安装时需要安装以下包：

• Base System > Base
• Base System > Client management tools
• Base System > Compatibility libraries
• Base System > Hardware monitoring utilities
• Base System > Large Systems Performance
• Base System > Network file system client
• Base System > Performance Tools
• Base System > Perl Support
• Servers > Server Platform
• Servers > System administration tools
• Desktops > Desktop
• Desktops > Desktop Platform
• Desktops > Fonts
• Desktops > General Purpose Desktop
• Desktops > Graphical Administration Tools
• Desktops > Input Methods
• Desktops > X Window System
• Development > Additional Development
• Development > Development Tools
• Applications > Internet Browser

C )

下载Oracle安装程序。

• OTN: Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1) Software (64-bit) - For unsupported installation.
• MOS: Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) Software (64-bit) - For supported installation.

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安装：

A ) 解压

新建一个单独的目录存放下载好的压缩包，进行解压

# 11.2.0.1

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

B ) Hosts文件修改

修改Hosts文件，Host文件在“/etc/hosts”中。需要写本机的IP地址，这是为了配置监听的时候不会把127.0.0.1写进去。

格式：

<IP-address>  <fully-qualified-machine-name>  <machine-name>

For example：

127.0.0.1           localhost.localdomain    localhost

192.168.0.181   ol6-112.localdomain       ol6-112

C ) Oracle安装

自动安装

使用oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall进行安装，根据http://public-yum.oracle.com安装yum repo。

# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

# yum update

手动安装

D ) 配置sysctl.conf

Oracle要求的最低设置：

fs.suid_dumpable = 1

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

可以使用下面这条命令逐个查看属性是否符合要求：

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep <param-name>

修改配置文件

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

修改后，需要使变更后的配置生效。

# /sbin/sysctl -p

E ) 用户安全限制

添加以下条目到"/etc/security/limits.conf"中。

oracle              soft    nproc   2047

oracle              hard    nproc   16384

oracle              soft    nofile  4096

oracle              hard    nofile  65536

oracle              soft    stack   10240

F ) 安装应用包

在RHEL6 ( CentOS6 )系统盘中安装以下包

# From Oracle Linux 6 DVD

cd /media/cdrom/Server/Packages

rpm -Uvh binutils-2*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh glibc-2*x86_64* nss-softokn-freebl-3*x86_64*

！rpm -Uvh glibc-2*i686* nss-softokn-freebl-3*i686*

rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*x86_64*

！rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2*i686*

rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-0*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh gcc-4*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4*x86_64*

*rpm -Uvh ksh-*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh libaio-0*x86_64*

*rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*x86_64*

！rpm -Uvh libaio-0*i686*

rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0*i686*

rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh libgcc-4*i686*

rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4*i686*

rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh make-3.81*x86_64*

*rpm -Uvh numactl-devel-2*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh sysstat-9*x86_64*

rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33*i686*

rpm -Uvh compat-libcap*

cd /

eject

有一部分的包因为RHEL6版本较新的缘故，系统安装检查时会判定为faild，不过不会引起错误。

G ) 创建组和用户

groupadd -g 501 oinstall

groupadd -g 502 dba

groupadd -g 503 oper

groupadd -g 504 asmadmin

groupadd -g 506 asmdba

groupadd -g 505 asmoper

useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle

passwd oracle

H ) 其他配置

1、设置oracle用户的密码

#passwd oracle

2、修改"/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf" 文件

# 把原文件以下内容

*          soft    nproc    1024

# 修改成

* - nproc 16384

3、修改SELINUX

# vi /etc/selinux/config

写入 SELINUX=permissive

4、关闭防火墙，或者进行修改

# service iptables stop

5、创建Oracle目录

# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

# chmod -R 775 /u01

6、环境变量设置

用创建好的oracle帐号登录，修改.bash_profile文件

# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

加入以下内容：

# Oracle Settings

TMP=/tmp; export TMP

TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol6-112.localdomain; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME

ORACLE_UNQNAME=DB11G; export ORACLE_UNQNAME

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=DB11G; export ORACLE_SID

PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

安装：

进入图形界面，远程登录使用VNC或是X manager。使用用创建好的oracle帐号登录，进入安装包解压后的安装目录下，运行runInstaller。开始安装。

常见错误

"error code 35" : The machine name in the "/etc/hosts" file is not correct. It needs an entry for the loopback adapter (localhost) and the machine name. If you are using DNS for name resolution, you still need the loopback adapter reference in this file.

"error code 37" : The DNS not working properly. You may also get this error is the "/etc/hosts" file is not configured correctly.

"sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libclntsh.so.11.1" : The prerequisites have not been met. Work through them again. Specifically, make sure the "gcc" package has been installed.

Listener fails to start - Typically this is due to incorrect name resolution. Make sure the "/etc/hosts" and/or DNS is configured correctly.

Linking errors - Almost always due to missing prerequisites. Review the setup sections.