Geopandas 安装遇到的问题（geopandas、Fiona、gdal）

动机

安装geopandas，我们需要知道其安装 gdal 和 Fiona两个包，然后才能安装geopandas。
并且其对版本号也有要求。

Collecting gdal~=3.3.0
Fiona =1.8.20
geopandas =0.9.0

在安装初期，我看到了以下报错，胡乱的搞了一通，以为需要安装 Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools

  copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\osgeo_utils\samples
    running build_ext
    building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
    building 'osgeo._gdalconst' extension
    building 'osgeo._osr' extension
    building 'osgeo._ogr' extension
    building 'osgeo._gnm' extension
    building 'osgeo._gdal_array' extension
    error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/

写下此博客，为了帮助跟我一样走了弯路的人，其实跟 Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools 没有一毛钱的关系。

gdal安装

首先，gdal不能直接使用pip 和conda 安装（反正我是一直没成功，网上一大堆教程都说可以）。因此需要手动下载.whl包。大家根据自己的python或者anaconda版本，自行下载，下载地址：

https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/

我的python使用的python3.7（anaconda3-2019.10）。

gdal我使用的版本为3.3.1
下载的包为
GDAL-3.3.1-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

(base) D:\Downloads>pip install GDAL-3.3.1-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Processing d:\downloads\gdal-3.3.1-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Installing collected packages: GDAL
  Found existing installation: gdal 3.2.3
    Uninstalling gdal-3.2.3:
      Successfully uninstalled gdal-3.2.3
Successfully installed GDAL-3.3.1

到此，gdal安装完毕。

Fiona 安装

我使用的版本为1.8.20
下载的包为：Fiona-1.8.20-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

(base) D:\Downloads>pip install Fiona-1.8.20-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Processing d:\downloads\fiona-1.8.20-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Requirement already satisfied: click>=4.0 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from Fiona==1.8.20) (7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.7 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from Fiona==1.8.20) (1.12.0)
Requirement already satisfied: click-plugins>=1.0 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from Fiona==1.8.20) (1.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=17 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from Fiona==1.8.20) (19.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: gdal~=3.3.0 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from Fiona==1.8.20) (3.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from Fiona==1.8.20) (41.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from Fiona==1.8.20) (2019.9.11)
Requirement already satisfied: munch in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from Fiona==1.8.20) (2.5.0)
Collecting cligj>=0.5 (from Fiona==1.8.20)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/73/86/43fa9f15c5b9fb6e82620428827cd3c284aa933431405d1bcf5231ae3d3e/cligj-0.7.2-py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: cligj, Fiona
Successfully installed Fiona-1.8.20 cligj-0.7.2

geopandas 安装

版本为 0.9.0，我下载的.whl包为：

geopandas-0.9.0-py3-none-any.whl

(base) D:\Downloads>pip install geopandas-0.9.0-py3-none-any.whl
Processing d:\downloads\geopandas-0.9.0-py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: fiona>=1.8 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from geopandas==0.9.0) (1.8.20)
Collecting shapely>=1.6 (from geopandas==0.9.0)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/00/b6/71bd30edeab05060e8fbfb16bf2a074364b037615cd823945e0052d26484/Shapely-1.7.1-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl
Requirement already satisfied: pandas>=0.24.0 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from geopandas==0.9.0) (0.25.1)
Collecting pyproj>=2.2.0 (from geopandas==0.9.0)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/50/8b/98932b644a025432c437de17b97b314e79e26258df6ea096618563897d94/pyproj-3.2.0-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (6.2MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 6.2MB 437kB/s
Requirement already satisfied: click>=4.0 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from fiona>=1.8->geopandas==0.9.0) (7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=17 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from fiona>=1.8->geopandas==0.9.0) (19.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from fiona>=1.8->geopandas==0.9.0) (41.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from fiona>=1.8->geopandas==0.9.0) (2019.9.11)
Requirement already satisfied: cligj>=0.5 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from fiona>=1.8->geopandas==0.9.0) (0.7.2)
Requirement already satisfied: munch in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from fiona>=1.8->geopandas==0.9.0) (2.5.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.7 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from fiona>=1.8->geopandas==0.9.0) (1.12.0)
Requirement already satisfied: gdal~=3.3.0 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from fiona>=1.8->geopandas==0.9.0) (3.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: click-plugins>=1.0 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from fiona>=1.8->geopandas==0.9.0) (1.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.13.3 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pandas>=0.24.0->geopandas==0.9.0) (1.16.5)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2017.2 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pandas>=0.24.0->geopandas==0.9.0) (2019.3)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.6.1 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from pandas>=0.24.0->geopandas==0.9.0) (2.8.0)
Installing collected packages: shapely, pyproj, geopandas
Successfully installed geopandas-0.9.0 pyproj-3.2.0 shapely-1.7.1

结语

如果有人懒得去官网下载.whl包，且也是python3.7，可以去 我的资源 里面下载，不需要 C币。
下载地址：

https://download.youkuaiyun.com/download/VictoriaLy/21978855?spm=1001.2014.3001.5503