通过servlet 实现图片验证码功能

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-30 10:48:41 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2022-06-30 10:48:41 发布 · 260 阅读

0 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#java

本文介绍了一种使用Servlet来生成并显示图片验证码的方法。通过自定义Servlet类，该方法能够生成包含随机字符的验证码图片，并将其作为HTTP响应发送给客户端。此外，还提供了前端刷新验证码图片的JavaScript函数。

通过servlet 实现图片验证码功能，分３步实现：

import javax.servlet.http.servlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import java.io.Exception;
import java.util.Randow;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Image.BufferImage;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec;

/**
 通过servlet实现验证码功能
*/
public class CodeServlet extends HttpServlet{

//声明字符数组常量，随机数从此常量中获取（去除了些常见的容易产生歧义的字符如'1','l','0','o'等）
publis static final char[] CHARS= {'2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','g','k','m','n','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','z'}

public static Randow randow = new Randow();//声明随机数

//获取4位的随机数
public static String getRandow(){
  StringBuffer buffer= new StringBuffer();
  for(int i=0; i<4; i++){
    buffer.append(CHARS[randow.nextInt(CHARS.length())]);
  }
  return buffer.toString();
} 

//获取随机颜色
public static Color getColor(){
  return new Color(radow.nextInt(255),radow.nextInt(255),radow.nextInt(255));
}

//获取随机颜色反色
public static Color getReverseColor(Color c){
  return new Color(255-c.getRed(), 255-c.getGreen(), 255-c.getBlue());
}

public void doGet(HttpServletRequst request, HttpServletResponse response) throws HttpServletException,IOException{
  //设置相应类型，此处相应类型为图片，HTML文本为（text/html）
  response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
  //request.setCharacterEncoding = "UTF-8"; //设置请求的编码格式
　//response.setCharacterEncoding = "UTF-8"; //设置响应的编码格式
  String rdmString  = getRandom();
  //设置Session以便与前台输入的随机数对比
  request.getSession().setAttribute("rdmString",rdmString);
  int width = 50;
  int height = 20;
  Color clr = getColor();
  Color rclr = getReverseColor(clr);

  //创建图片对象，绘制图片，设置图片属性，产生噪点(最多５０个)，对图片对象编码
  BufferImage bi = new BufferImage(width, height, BufferImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
  Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();
　g.setFont(new Font(FONT.SANS_SERFS,FONT.BOLD,12));
  g.setColor(clr);
  g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
  g.setColor(rclr);
  g.drawString(rdmString,10,10);
  for(int i=0,n=random.nextInt(50); i<n; n++,i++){
　  g.drawRect(width,height,1,1);  
　}
  
  ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
  JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(out);
  encoder.encode(bi);//对图片对象编码
  out.flush();
}
}

<servlet>
<servlet-name>codeServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.servlet.CodeServlet</servlet-class><!-- 实际的类路径 -->
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>codeServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/codeServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<script>
fucntion loadIMG(){
  document.getElementById('btn1').disabled = true;
  document.getElementById('img1').src = "servlet/codeServlet?ts='+new Date().getTime+'";
}
</script>
<img id="img1" src="servlet/codeServlet" onload="btn1.disabled = false;">
<input type="button" id="btn1" value="换一张" onclick="loadIMG()">