Java图形用户界面设计(Java学习记录)_java图形界面电话号码管理-优快云博客

JavaFx

1、Java窗体JFrame类

通过构造JFrame子类创造最简单的窗体

import javax.swing.*;

public class Example extends JFrame {
    Example() {
        setSize(480, 360);
        setVisible(true);
        setTitle("win");
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Example();
    }
}

2、Java的界面布局管理

Java为了实现跨平台机制，引入了布局管理器来管理界面。

void setLayout(LayoutManager layoutObj)

常见的布局管理方式有：

流式布局管理器

setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));

边界布局管理器

panel1.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
panel1.add("Center", tfObj1);

网格布局管理器

setLayout(GirdLayout(int Rows, int Cols));

3、Java项目实战：字符串的查找与替换

先贴代码，然后进行详细说明
字符串查找算法类Match：

public class Match {

    public StringBuffer strReplace(String a, String b, String c) {
        StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer(a);
        int len = b.length();
        int leap = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < a.length(); i ++ ) {
            if(a.charAt(i) == b.charAt(0)) {
                int x = 0;
                while(x < len && x + i < a.length() && a.charAt(i + x) == b.charAt(x)) {
                    x ++ ;
                }
                if(x == len) {
                    res.replace(i + leap, i + x + leap, c);
                    leap += c.length();
                }

            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}

创造窗体类Text：

import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.text.SimpleAttributeSet;
import javax.swing.text.StyleConstants;
import javax.swing.text.StyledDocument;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

class Text extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
    private JTextPane tPane = new JTextPane();
    private JTextPane tpObj1 = new JTextPane();
    private JTextPane tpObj2 = new JTextPane();

    private JButton btnReplace;
    private JLabel labObj1, labObj2, labObj3;
    private JPanel pObj1, pObj2, pObj3, pObj4, pObj5;

    StyledDocument doc = tPane.getStyledDocument();
    StyledDocument doc1 = tpObj1.getStyledDocument();
    StyledDocument doc2 = tpObj2.getStyledDocument();
    SimpleAttributeSet text = new SimpleAttributeSet();

    Text() {
        setTitle("文本查找与替换");
        setSize(720, 480);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        StyleConstants.setFontSize(text, 24);

        doc.setCharacterAttributes(0, 12, text, true);
        doc1.setCharacterAttributes(0, 12, text, true);
        doc2.setCharacterAttributes(0, 12, text, true);

        JScrollPane scroller = new JScrollPane(tPane);

        btnReplace = new JButton("替换");

        labObj1 = new JLabel("文本区域：");
        labObj2 = new JLabel("查找：");
        labObj3 = new JLabel("替换：");

        pObj1 = new JPanel();
        pObj2 = new JPanel();
        pObj3 = new JPanel();
        pObj4 = new JPanel();
        pObj5 = new JPanel();

        pObj1.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        pObj1.add("North", labObj1);
        pObj1.add("Center", scroller);
        //查找文本框
        pObj2.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        pObj2.add("North", labObj2);
        pObj2.add("Center", tpObj1);
        //替换文本框
        pObj3.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        pObj3.add("North", labObj3);
        pObj3.add("Center", tpObj2);

        pObj4.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        pObj4.add(btnReplace);

        pObj5.setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 1));
        pObj5.add(pObj2);
        pObj5.add(pObj3);
        pObj5.add(pObj4);

        setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        add(pObj1);
        add(pObj5);

        validate();

        btnReplace.addActionListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        JButton butObj = (JButton)(e.getSource());

        Match classObj = new Match();
        if(butObj.getLabel() == "替换") {
            String str1 = tPane.getText();
            String str2 = tpObj1.getText();
            String str3 = tpObj2.getText();
            StringBuffer res = classObj.strReplace(str1, str2, str3);
            tPane.setText(res.toString());
        }
    }
}

主方法：

public class Example {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Text();
    }
}

以上就是实现字符串查找与替换窗口的几个类；
接下来，我将详细说明每个新的知识点。

4、新知识点说明

JTextPane

JTextPane是我们在GUI界面上看到的输入文本框

//新建一个JTextPane对象 
JTextPane tPane = new JTextPane;

//获得该文本框的各项信息，如字体大小等
StyledDocument doc = tPane.getStyledDocument();

//使用SimpleAttributeSet来储存一整个集合的字体设定
SimpleAttributeSet text = new SimpleAttributeSet();

//使用StyleConstants方法往text中加入一些字体设定。
StyleConstants.setFontSize(text, 24);

//将tPane的doc文件更新，更新为之前设定好的text中的内容。
doc.setCharacterAttributes(0, 12, text, true);

JPanel GUI 界面的容器

JPanel pObj1 = new JPanel(); //新建一个JPanel对象

//使用BorderLayout界面管理器
pObj1.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); 

//将之前定义好的labObj1和scroller加入到pObj1这个容器中
pObj1.add("North", labObj1);
pObj1.add("Center", scroller);

ActionListener 动作捕捉

//按我的理解，这边应该是继承了ActionListener这个接口，然后自己写方法实现。
class Text extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
	@Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
  		//监听被按按钮的名字
        JButton butObj = (JButton)(e.getSource());

        Match classObj = new Match();
        //如果被按的按钮是替换
        if(butObj.getLabel() == "替换") {
			//取得文本框里面的文字
            String str1 = tPane.getText();
            String str2 = tpObj1.getText();
            String str3 = tpObj2.getText();
            StringBuffer res = classObj.strReplace(str1, str2, str3);
            tPane.setText(res.toString());
        }
    }
}