ALV 自定义搜索帮助 F4 详解

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已于 2022-09-30 15:10:59 修改

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分类专栏： ABAP 文章标签：开发语言

于 2022-09-30 15:10:32 首次发布

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本文档详细介绍了如何在SAP ALV（ABAP List Viewer）中实现自定义F4帮助功能。通过注册事件、定义类和处理逻辑，可以针对特定字段提供个性化的F4下拉选项，例如限制权限、指定可选值等。在业务场景中，这种自定义能够增强系统的交互性和用户体验。

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为什么需要自定义F4？

实际业务场景经常要使用到，限制权限，可选值啥的，类似地图选项

ALV中怎么实现自定义F4？

1.选择对应的事件的代码，通常使用CALLER EXIT 然后指定对应调用的FORM，代码如下

  GS_EVENTS-NAME = 'CALLER_EXIT'.
  GS_EVENTS-FORM = 'FRM_CALLER_EXIT'. "指定FORM调用
  APPEND GS_EVENTS TO GT_EVENTS.


"附可选的事件
CALLER_EXIT
USER_COMMAND
TOP_OF_PAGE
TOP_OF_COVERPAGE
END_OF_COVERPAGE
FOREIGN_TOP_OF_PAGE
FOREIGN_END_OF_PAGE
PF_STATUS_SET
LIST_MODIFY
TOP_OF_LIST
END_OF_PAGE
END_OF_LIST
AFTER_LINE_OUTPUT
BEFORE_LINE_OUTPUT
REPREP_SEL_MODIFY
SUBTOTAL_TEXT
GROUPLEVEL_CHANGE

2.定义类和实现类，用于事件的处理和拦截

"定义类
CLASS LCL_EVENT_RECEIVER DEFINITION."类名
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    METHODS HANDLE_F4  FOR EVENT ONF4 OF CL_GUI_ALV_GRID
                       IMPORTING E_FIELDNAME
                                 E_FIELDVALUE
                                 ES_ROW_NO
                                 ER_EVENT_DATA
                                 ET_BAD_CELLS
                                 E_DISPLAY.
ENDCLASS.                    "LCL_EVENT_RECEIVER DEFINITION

CLASS LCL_EVENT_RECEIVER IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD  HANDLE_F4.
    CASE E_FIELDNAME.
      WHEN 'YOURFIELD'.   "自定义的字段
        PERFORM F4_HELP_DIY USING ET_BAD_CELLS
                                  ES_ROW_NO
                                  ER_EVENT_DATA
                                  E_DISPLAY
                                  E_FIELDNAME   .
    ENDCASE.
  ENDMETHOD.                    "HANDLE_F4
ENDCLASS.                    "LCL_EVENT_RECEIVER IMPLEMENTATION

3.注册事件和需要拦截的自定义F4

*FORM FRM_CALLER_EXIT USING LS_DATA TYPE SLIS_DATA_CALLER_EXIT.

  CHECK SY-BATCH = ''. "后台执行获取对象失败
  DATA : LT_F4 TYPE LVC_T_F4,
         LS_F4 TYPE LVC_S_F4.
  DATA GT_EVENT_RECEIVER TYPE REF TO LCL_EVENT_RECEIVER.

*获取的全局ALV对象
  CALL FUNCTION 'GET_GLOBALS_FROM_SLVC_FULLSCR'
    IMPORTING
      E_GRID = GCL_ALV_GRID.

  LS_F4-FIELDNAME  = 'YOUFIELD'.   "（需要定义F4帮助按钮的字段）
  LS_F4-REGISTER   = 'X'.
  LS_F4-GETBEFORE  = 'X'.
  LS_F4-CHNGEAFTER = 'X'.
  INSERT LS_F4 INTO TABLE LT_F4.

*注册拦截的F4
  CALL METHOD GCL_ALV_GRID->REGISTER_F4_FOR_FIELDS
    EXPORTING
      IT_F4 = LT_F4[].
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
*   Implement suGT_OUTle error handling here
  ENDIF.
*创建类 类似 new OBJ
  CREATE OBJECT GT_EVENT_RECEIVER.

*设置拦截
  SET HANDLER GT_EVENT_RECEIVER->HANDLE_F4 FOR GCL_ALV_GRID.


ENDFORM.                   "F_CALLER_EXIT

54.F4时需要执行的逻辑过程

FORM F4_HELP_AGRBU USING ET_BAD_CELLS  TYPE LVC_T_MODI
                          ES_ROW_NO     TYPE LVC_S_ROID
                          ER_EVENT_DATA TYPE REF TO CL_ALV_EVENT_DATA
                          E_DISPLAY     TYPE C
                          E_FIELDNAME   TYPE LVC_FNAME.

  DATA: LT_RETURN TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF DDSHRETVAL,
        LS_RETURN TYPE DDSHRETVAL.
  DATA :LV_EQART TYPE EQART.
  FIELD-SYMBOLS: <ITAB> TYPE LVC_T_MODI.
  DATA: LS_MODI TYPE LVC_S_MODI.
  ASSIGN ER_EVENT_DATA->M_DATA->* TO <ITAB>.

  IF E_FIELDNAME = 'YOURFIELD'.  "展示内表字段
    CLEAR GS_OUT.
    READ TABLE GT_OUT INTO GS_OUT INDEX ES_ROW_NO-ROW_ID.
    SELECT *
    FROM YOURFIELDTAB
    INTO LT_ZBGRU.
  ENDIF.

  CALL FUNCTION 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST'
    EXPORTING
      RETFIELD        = 'EQUNR'            "筛选内表里面的字段
      DYNPPROG        = SY-REPID
      DYNPNR          = SY-DYNNR
      DYNPROFIELD     = 'GS_OUT-YOURFIELD'            "ALV内表字段
      VALUE_ORG       = 'S'
"     CALLBACK_PROGRAM = SY-REPID
    TABLES
      VALUE_TAB       = LT_ZBGRU        "需要显示帮助的值内表
      RETURN_TAB      = LT_RETURN          "返回值
    EXCEPTIONS
      PARAMETER_ERROR = 1
      NO_VALUES_FOUND = 2
      OTHERS          = 3.
  IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
****将选的值填入ALV字段中
    READ TABLE GT_OUT INTO GS_OUT INDEX ES_ROW_NO-ROW_ID.
    IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
      READ TABLE LT_RETURN INTO LS_RETURN INDEX 1.
      IF LS_RETURN-FIELDVAL IS NOT INITIAL.
        LS_MODI-ROW_ID = ES_ROW_NO-ROW_ID.
        LS_MODI-FIELDNAME = 'ABGRU'.
        LS_MODI-VALUE = LS_RETURN-FIELDVAL.
        APPEND LS_MODI TO <ITAB>.
        CLEAR LS_MODI.
      ENDIF.

*设置事件处理标记，这样就不会走进常规的F4事件
      ER_EVENT_DATA->M_EVENT_HANDLED = 'X'.
    ENDIF.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.

5.最后一步啦，将事件放到ALV中、

 CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY_LVC'
    EXPORTING
      IT_EVENTS                = GT_EVENTS"增加这个字段