云原生 kubenetes pod管理

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-09-18 17:14:27 发布 305 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

128道kubenetes高频面试题汇总（带答案） 18、简述Kubernetes中Pod可能位于的状态?52、简述Kubernetes中flannel的作用?54、简述Kubernetes共享存储的作用?20、简述Kubernetes中Pod的重启策略?21、简述Kubernetes中Pod的健康检查方式?8、简述Kubernetes的优势、适应场景及其特点?34、简述Kubernetes镜像的下载策略?35、简述Kubernetes的负载均衡器?5、简述Kubernetes中什么是Minikube、Kubectl、Kubele t? 阅读详情

一.命令式对象管理

1.命名空间管理

查看命名空间

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get namespaces

创建命名空间

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create namespace uselessqq
namespace/uselessqq created

删除命名空间

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete namespaces uselessqq
namespace "uselessqq" deleted

2.pod管理

查看pod的运行情况

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods  -o wide

创建pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl run  lee --image nginx:1.23
pod/lee created

删除pod【可在最后加上--force实现快速删除】

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete pods lee
pod "lee" deleted from default namespace

当pod出现问题时

查看pod运行详情

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe pods error

二.kubectl 命令实操

1.上传实验镜像

[root@k8s-master ~]# docker load  -i myapp.tar.gz
Loaded image: timinglee/myapp:v1
Loaded image: timinglee/myapp:v2
[root@k8s-master ~]# docker tag timinglee/myapp:v1 reg.timinglee.org/library/myapp:v1
[root@k8s-master ~]# docker push  reg.timinglee.org/library/myapp:v1

2.生成实验所需yml文件

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim replica.yml

3.kubectl命令使用方法

create 建立

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create deployment webcluster --replicas 2 --image myapp:v1
deployment.apps/webcluster created

edit 编辑

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create deployment webcluster --image myapp:v1
deployment.apps/webcluster created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
webcluster-77c87d9946-kr88n   1/1     Running   0          10s

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl edit deployments.apps webcluster

patch 补丁

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl patch deployments.apps webcluster -p '{"spec":{"replicas":1}}'

expose 暴露端口

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl expose deployment webcluster --port  80 --target-port 80

logs 查看日志

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP           NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
webcluster-77c87d9946-9pzjq   1/1     Running   0          7m5s   10.244.1.3   k8s-node1   <none>           <none>

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl logs pods/webcluster-77c87d9946-9pzjq

attach 缠绕

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl run -it testpod --image busybox:latest
All commands and output from this session will be recorded in container logs, including credentials and sensitive information passed through the command prompt.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #
/ #
/ # Session ended, resume using 'kubectl attach testpod -c testpod -i -t' command when the pod is running    #此处可用exit退出
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
testpod                       1/1     Running   0          30s
webcluster-77c87d9946-9pzjq   1/1     Running   0          11m
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl attach pods/testpod -it
All commands and output from this session will be recorded in container logs, including credentials and sensitive information passed through the command prompt.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #
/ #
/ #

exec

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl run  testpod --image  nginx:1.23
pod/testpod created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
testpod                       1/1     Running   0          4s


root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it pods/testpod -c testpod -- /bin/bash
root@testpod:/#

cp 复制

pod内复制到pod外

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl cp  testpod:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html  /mnt/test
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl cp  testpod:/usr/share/nginx/html  /mnt/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names

pod外复制到pod内

[root@k8s-master ~]# echo timinglee > /mnt/index.html
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl cp /mnt/index.html testpod:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods  -o wide
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
testpod   1/1     Running   0          2m    10.244.2.10   k8s-node2   <none>           <none>

rollout

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create deployment webcluster --image myapp:v1 --replicas 2 --dry-run=client -o yaml > webcluster.yml
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim webcluster.yml

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f webcluster.yml
deployment.apps/webcluster created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployments.apps
NAME         READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
webcluster   2/2     2            2           5s
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
webcluster-77c87d9946-phhmr   1/1     Running   0          9s
webcluster-77c87d9946-wdxxs   1/1     Running   0          9s

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl rollout status  deployment webcluster
deployment "webcluster" successfully rolled out
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl rollout  restart   deployment webcluster
deployment.apps/webcluster restarted
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
webcluster-7cd889657-87wnv   1/1     Running   0          4s
webcluster-7cd889657-l5nfr   1/1     Running   0          3s

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl rollout  restart   deployment webcluster
deployment.apps/webcluster restarted
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                          READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
webcluster-57d49fd8c5-tvnln   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          1s
webcluster-6865758996-xk2bz   1/1     Running             0          21s
webcluster-6865758996-zbnkd   1/1     Running             0          22s

scale

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f webcluster.yml
deployment.apps/webcluster created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl scale deployment webcluster --replicas 4
deployment.apps/webcluster scaled
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
webcluster-77c87d9946-7fz6h   1/1     Running   0          16s
webcluster-77c87d9946-9295h   1/1     Running   0          11s
webcluster-77c87d9946-pxkvh   1/1     Running   0          11s
webcluster-77c87d9946-wfpgw   1/1     Running   0          16s
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl scale deployment webcluster --replicas 2
deployment.apps/webcluster scaled
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
webcluster-77c87d9946-7fz6h   1/1     Running   0          26s
webcluster-77c87d9946-wfpgw   1/1     Running   0          26s

label 标签

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods  --show-labels
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
webcluster-77c87d9946-7fz6h   1/1     Running   0          86s   app=webcluster,pod-template-hash=77c87d9946
webcluster-77c87d9946-wfpgw   1/1     Running   0          86s   app=webcluster,pod-template-hash=77c87d9946
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get deployments.apps webcluster --show-labels
NAME         READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE    LABELS
webcluster   2/2     2            2           101s   app=webcluster

删除标签后会自动创建新的pod补上，再将标签补上后，新建立的pod会被删除
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl label pods webcluster-77c87d9946-7fz6h app-
pod/webcluster-77c87d9946-7fz6h unlabeled
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods  --show-labels
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    LABELS
webcluster-77c87d9946-7fz6h   1/1     Running   0          3m6s   pod-template-hash=77c87d9946
webcluster-77c87d9946-g2sl2   1/1     Running   0          10s    app=webcluster,pod-template-hash=77c87d9946
webcluster-77c87d9946-wfpgw   1/1     Running   0          3m6s   app=webcluster,pod-template-hash=77c87d9946
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl label pods webcluster-77c87d9946-7fz6h app=webcluster
pod/webcluster-77c87d9946-7fz6h labeled
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods  --show-labels
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
webcluster-77c87d9946-7fz6h   1/1     Running   0          3m23s   app=webcluster,pod-template-hash=77c87d9946
webcluster-77c87d9946-wfpgw   1/1     Running   0          3m23s   app=webcluster,pod-template-hash=77c87d9946

三.利用控制器实现版本更替

1.建立控制器

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim webcluster.yml

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f webcluster.yml
deployment.apps/webcluster created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
webcluster-77c87d9946-qgvzp   1/1     Running   0          9s
webcluster-77c87d9946-zstjp   1/1     Running   0          9s
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment webcluster
deployment.apps/webcluster
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         <none>

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl expose deployment webcluster --port 80 --target-port 80 --type NodePort
service/webcluster exposed
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1        <none>        443/TCP        90m
webcluster   NodePort    10.107.198.218   <none>        80:31072/TCP   6s

2.更新业务版本

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl set image deployments webcluster myapp=myapp:v2
deployment.apps/webcluster image updated
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl annotate deployment webcluster kubernetes.io/change-cause="myappv2" --overwrite
deployment.apps/webcluster annotated
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
webcluster-6c8b4bb9d7-gwv9g   1/1     Running   0          20s
webcluster-6c8b4bb9d7-xxtkr   1/1     Running   0          19s
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment webcluster
deployment.apps/webcluster
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         <none>
2         myappv2

3.版本回退

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment webcluster
deployment.apps/webcluster
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         <none>
2         myappv2

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment webcluster --to-revision 1
deployment.apps/webcluster rolled back

四.利用yaml文件声明资源

1.在pod中运行多容器

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl run  testpod --image  myapp:v1  --dry-run=client -o yaml > testpod.yaml
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim testpod.yaml

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f testpod.yaml
pod/testpod created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
testpod   2/2     Running   0          6s
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it pods/testpod -c busybox -- /bin/sh
/bin/sh: shopt: not found
[ root@testpod:/ ]$ curl 127.0.0.1
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

2.在pod运行主机中暴漏端口

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f testpod.yaml
pod/testpod created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods   -o wide
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
testpod   1/1     Running   0          2m52s   10.244.2.23   k8s-node2   <none>           <none>
[root@k8s-master ~]# curl  node2
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>

3.在pod中指定变量

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f mysql.yml
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods  -o wide
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
mysql   2/2     Running   0          3m21s   10.244.1.14   k8s-node1   <none>           <none>

4.选择运行节点

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes --show-labels
NAME         STATUS   ROLES           AGE    VERSION   LABELS
k8s-master   Ready    control-plane   131m   v1.35.7   beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=k8s-master,kubernetes.io/os=linux,node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane=,node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers=
k8s-node1    Ready    <none>          130m   v1.35.7   beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=k8s-node1,kubernetes.io/os=linux
k8s-node2    Ready    <none>          129m   v1.35.7   beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,kubernetes.io/hostname=k8s-node2,kubernetes.io/os=linux


[root@k8s-master ~]# vim mysql.yml
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: mysql
  name: mysql
spec:
  nodeSelector:
    kubernetes.io/hostname: k8s-node2
  containers:
  - image: mysql:8.0
    name: mysql8
    env:
    - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
      value: lee
  - image: phpmyadmin:latest
    name: mysqladmin
    env:
    - name: PMA_ARBITRARY
      value: "1"
    ports:
    - name: phpadminport
      containerPort: 80
      hostPort: 80
      protocol: TCP

5.共享宿主机网络

[root@k8s-master pod]# vim testpod.yaml
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 10000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f testpod.yaml
pod/testpod created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it pods/testpod -c busybox -- /bin/sh
/ # ifconfig
cni0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 5E:9F:2B:A2:8C:4C
          inet addr:10.244.2.1  Bcast:10.244.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::5c9f:2bff:fea2:8c4c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:490 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:460 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:641883 (626.8 KiB)  TX bytes:87414 (85.3 KiB)

docker0   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 22:24:8B:84:DF:DE
          inet addr:172.17.0.1  Bcast:172.17.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:8 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:1F:99:4F
          inet addr:172.25.254.20  Bcast:172.25.254.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::3e0b:c3cb:ef36:19c8/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1267270 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:53333 errors:0 dropped:6 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:1877993789 (1.7 GiB)  TX bytes:5545362 (5.2 MiB)

flannel.1 Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 96:9A:2A:44:9F:B3
          inet addr:10.244.2.0  Bcast:0.0.0.0  Mask:255.255.255.255
          inet6 addr: fe80::949a:2aff:fe44:9fb3/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1450  Metric:1
          RX packets:17 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:40 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:1525 (1.4 KiB)  TX bytes:1303 (1.2 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:1709 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1709 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:158882 (155.1 KiB)  TX bytes:158882 (155.1 KiB)

6.资源优先级

BestEffort 无资源限制，低优先级

[root@k8s-master pod]# vim testpod.yaml
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 10000
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 10000

Burstable 有资源限制【期望值和限制值不同】，中优先级

[root@k8s-master pod]# vim testpod.yaml
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 10000
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 10000
	resources:
      limits:
        cpu: 700m
        memory: 200M
      requests:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 100M
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl apply -f testpod.yaml

Guaranteed 有资源限制【期望值和限制值相同】，高优先级

[root@k8s-master pod]# vim testpod.yaml
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 10000
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 10000
	resources:
      limits:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 100M
      requests:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 100M
[root@k8s-master pod]# vim testpod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 10000
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 10000
	resources:
      limits:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 100M
      requests:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 100M
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl apply -f testpod.yaml

7.容器重启规则

Always 无论如何都会重新运行pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim testpod.yaml
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  restartPolicy: Always
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 60
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f testpod.yaml
pod/testpod created
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide  -w
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
testpod   1/1     Running   0          3s    172.25.254.20   k8s-node2   <none>           <none>
####################################################################
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
a207144cd4e8   40680ace50cf                         "/bin/sh -c 'sleep 6…"   28 seconds ago   Up 27 seconds             k8s_busybox_testpod_default_8f1066c4-84dd-455d-9d26-43c2645864c0_0
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# docker rm a207144cd4e8
a207144cd4e8

OnFailure 非正常管关闭会重启pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim testpod.yaml
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  restartPolicy: OnFailure
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 30
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@k8s-master ~]kubectl apply -f testpod.yaml
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
5adbb00cd2b5   40680ace50cf                         "/bin/sh -c 'sleep 3…"   16 seconds ago   Up 15 seconds             k8s_busybox_testpod_default_b0edd3a4-acf3-47fd-9e9f-e252e6f05816_0
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# docker rm -f  5adbb00cd2b5
5adbb00cd2b5

Never pod关闭后不重启

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim testpod.yaml
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: testpod
  name: testpod
spec:
  hostNetwork: true
  restartPolicy: Never
  containers:
  - image: busybox:latest
    name: busybox
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 30
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl apply -f testpod.yaml
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide  -w
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE        NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
testpod   1/1     Running   0          3s    172.25.254.20   k8s-node2   <none>           <none>

五.pod的生命周期

1.init容器

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl run  webserver --image myapp:v1 --dry-run=client -o yaml > init-example.yml
[root@k8s-master pod]# vim init-example.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  initContainers:
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox:latest
    command:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - "until test -e /testfile;do echo wating for myservice; sleep 2;done"
  containers:
  - image: myapp:v1
    name: webserver
  restartPolicy: Always


[root@k8s-master pod]# watch -n 1 kubectl get pods  -o wide

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl apply -f init-example.yml
pod/webserver created

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl exec -it pods/webserver -c busybox -- /bin/sh
/ #
/ # touch /testfile
/ # command terminated with exit code 137

2.Livness存活探针

没有存活探针时

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl run  testpod --image  myapp:v1  --dry-run=client -o yaml > livness-example.yaml
[root@k8s-master pod]# vim livness-example.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  containers:
  - image: myapp:v1
    name: webserver
    command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
    args:
    - |
      nginx -g "daemon off;"
      sleep 10000
  restartPolicy: Always

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl apply -f livness-example.yaml

监控程序
[root@k8s-master pod]# watch -n 1 kubectl get pods  -o wide

测试操作：
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl exec  -it  pods/webserver -c webserver  -- /bin/sh
# nginx -s stop

有存活探针时

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl delete -f livness-example.yaml  --force
[root@k8s-master pod]# vim livness-example.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  containers:
  - image: myapp:v1
    name: testpod
    command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
    args:
    - |
      nginx -g "daemon off;"
      sleep 10000
    livenessProbe:
      tcpSocket:
        port: 80
      initialDelaySeconds: 3
      periodSeconds: 1
      timeoutSeconds: 1
  restartPolicy: Always

[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl apply -f livness-example.yaml
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl exec -it pods/webserver  -- /bin/sh
/ # nginx -s stop

3.readness 就绪探针

[root@k8s-master pod]# vim readness-example.yml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  containers:
  - image: myapp:v1
    name: webserver
  restartPolicy: Always

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    run: webserver
  name: webserver
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    run: webserver
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl apply -f readness-example.yml
pod/webserver created
service/webserver created
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl apply -f readness-example.yml
pod/webserver unchanged
service/webserver unchanged
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl describe  svc webserver
Name:                     webserver
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   run=webserver
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 run=webserver
Type:                     ClusterIP
IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
IP Families:              IPv4
IP:                       10.106.199.44
IPs:                      10.106.199.44
Port:                     <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:               80/TCP
Endpoints:                10.244.2.29:80
Session Affinity:         None
Internal Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>

删除默认发布文件
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl exec -it pods/webserver -c webserver -- /bin/sh
/ # cd /usr/share/nginx/
/usr/share/nginx # ls
html
/usr/share/nginx # cd html/
/usr/share/nginx/html # ls
50x.html    index.html
/usr/share/nginx/html # rm -fr index.html
/usr/share/nginx/html # ls
50x.html
/usr/share/nginx/html # exit

验证Endpoints是否被下架
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl describe  svc webserver
Name:                     webserver
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   run=webserver
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 run=webserver
Type:                     ClusterIP
IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
IP Families:              IPv4
IP:                       10.106.199.44
IPs:                      10.106.199.44
Port:                     <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:               80/TCP
Endpoints:                10.244.2.29:80
Session Affinity:         None
Internal Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>

有就绪探针情况

[root@k8s-master pod]# vim readness-example.yml
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl apply -f readness-example.yml
pod/webserver created
service/webserver created
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl describe  svc webserver
Name:                     webserver
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   run=webserver
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 run=webserver
Type:                     ClusterIP
IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
IP Families:              IPv4
IP:                       10.105.176.71
IPs:                      10.105.176.71
Port:                     <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:               80/TCP
Endpoints:                10.244.2.30:80
Session Affinity:         None
Internal Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>
[root@k8s-master pod]# kubectl exec -it pods/webserver -c webserver -- /bin/sh
/ # rm -fr /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

/ # echo timinglee > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

标签

#云原生 #docker #容器 #kubernetes

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