本文介绍了一种利用Apache HttpClient库发送HTTP请求的方法。通过具体的代码示例，展示了如何配置超时时间、设置请求参数以及处理HTTPS请求等。适用于需要与远程服务器进行交互的应用场景。
这里我们将http请求参数放到paramter中(对方在获取我们参数的时候 ，可以通过request.getparamter(key))来获取；我们用到的是apache 的工具HttpClient。我们需要引入的包分别为：
这三个包可以从apache官网上下载，也可以从这里下载：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ejRsdC
下面我们就来实现下我们工具类的实现：
package com.zpl.util.http;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.DefaultHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.util.PublicSuffixMatcher;
import org.apache.http.conn.util.PublicSuffixMatcherLoader;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import com.zpl.logs.LogUtil;
public class HttpClient {
private RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(15000).setConnectTimeout(15000)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(15000).build();
private boolean checkTimeout = false;
private static HttpClient instance = null;
private HttpClient() {
// test
}
public static HttpClient getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new HttpClient();
}
return instance;
}
/**
* 发送 post请求
*
* @param httpUrl
* 地址
*/
public String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
return sendHttpPost(httpPost);
}
/**
* 发送 post请求
*
* @param httpUrl
* 地址
* @param params
* 参数(格式:key1=value1&key2=value2)
*/
public String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl, String params) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
try {
// 设置参数
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(params, "UTF-8");
stringEntity.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
} catch (Exception e) {
LogUtil.error(e.getMessage());
}
return sendHttpPost(httpPost);
}
/**
* 发送 post请求
*
* @param httpUrl
* 地址
* @param maps
* 参数
*/
public String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl, Map<String, String> maps) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
// 创建参数队列
List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for (String key : maps.keySet()) {
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, maps.get(key)));
}
try {
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, "UTF-8"));
} catch (Exception e) {
LogUtil.error(e.getMessage());
}
return sendHttpPost(httpPost);
}
/**
* 发送Post请求
*
* @param httpPost
* @return
*/
private String sendHttpPost(HttpPost httpPost) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
HttpEntity entity = null;
String responseContent = null;
try {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
if (this.checkTimeout)
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
entity = response.getEntity();
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
LogUtil.error(e.getMessage());
} finally {
try {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
LogUtil.error(e.getMessage());
}
}
return responseContent;
}
/**
* 发送 get请求
*
* @param httpUrl
*/
public String sendHttpGet(String httpUrl) {
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(httpUrl);// 创建get请求
return sendHttpGet(httpGet);
}
/**
* 发送 get请求Https
*
* @param httpUrl
*/
public String sendHttpsGet(String httpUrl) {
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(httpUrl);// 创建get请求
return sendHttpsGet(httpGet);
}
/**
* 发送Get请求
*
* @param httpPost
* @return
*/
private String sendHttpGet(HttpGet httpGet) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
HttpEntity entity = null;
String responseContent = null;
try {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
if (this.checkTimeout)
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
entity = response.getEntity();
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
LogUtil.error(e.getMessage());
} finally {
try {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
LogUtil.error(e.getMessage());
}
}
return responseContent;
}
/**
* 发送Get请求Https
*
* @param httpPost
* @return
*/
private String sendHttpsGet(HttpGet httpGet) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
HttpEntity entity = null;
String responseContent = null;
try {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
PublicSuffixMatcher publicSuffixMatcher = PublicSuffixMatcherLoader.load(new URL(httpGet.getURI().toString()));
DefaultHostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = new DefaultHostnameVerifier(publicSuffixMatcher);
httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier).build();
if (this.checkTimeout)
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
entity = response.getEntity();
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// Ulog.error(e);
} finally {
try {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
LogUtil.error(e.getMessage());
}
}
return responseContent;
}
public String sendHttpsPost(String httpUrl, Map<String, String> maps) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
// 创建参数队列
List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for (String key : maps.keySet()) {
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, maps.get(key)));
}
try {
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, "UTF-8"));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// Ulog.error(e);
}
try {
return sendHttpsPost(httpPost);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
private String sendHttpsPost(HttpPost httpPost) throws Exception {
// 采用绕过验证的方式处理https请求
SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL();
// 设置协议http和https对应的处理socket链接工厂的对象
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE).register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
.build();
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager);
// 创建自定义的httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();
// 执行请求操作，并拿到结果（同步阻塞）
CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
// 获取结果实体
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String body = "";
if (entity != null) {
// 按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
// 释放链接
response.close();
return body;
}
/**
* 绕过验证
*
* @return
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
* @throws KeyManagementException
*/
private SSLContext createIgnoreVerifySSL() throws Exception {
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
// 实现一个X509TrustManager接口，用于绕过验证，不用修改里面的方法
X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate, String paramString)
throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate, String paramString)
throws CertificateException {
}
@Override
public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null);
return sc;
}
/**
* 是否校验超时时间
*
* @return true：校验<br>
* false：不校验(默认)
*/
public boolean isCheckTimeout() {
return checkTimeout;
}
/**
* 设置是否校验超时时间
*
* @param checkTimeout
* true：校验<br>
* false：不校验(默认)
*/
public void setCheckTimeout(boolean checkTimeout) {
this.checkTimeout = checkTimeout;
}
}
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