什么是ontology

 

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》中对ontology的解释是 "branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of existence",即ontology是形而上学的分支,研究存在的本质,属于哲学(philosophy)范畴。

从定义上可以看出,ontology不仅仅是事物,更是一种方法论体系。在《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》中,ontology被译为“本体论”。

本体论是对存在的本质 (nature of existence) 进行研究的科学,包括:

什么是事物(things)?

什么是本质(essence)?

当事物发生改变时,本质是否仍然存在于事物之中?

概念(concept)是否存在于我们的心智(mind)之外?

怎样对世界上的实体(entities)进行分类?

等问题。

 

返回ontology 目录

### Ontology in Computer Science and Data Modeling In the context of computer science and data modeling, an ontology is a formal representation of knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts. It provides a structured framework for organizing information that can be used by machines to understand complex domains and perform reasoning tasks[^1]. An ontology typically includes: - **Classes (or Concepts)**: These represent categories or types of objects within the domain. - **Properties (or Attributes)**: Characteristics or features associated with classes. - **Relationships**: Links between different entities or classes, defining how they interact or relate to one another. The use of ontologies in artificial intelligence and semantic web technologies allows systems to interpret data more effectively. For instance, when applied to lifelong learning environments, ontologies help manage evolving datasets where new classes are introduced over time while preserving existing ones[^2]. Here’s a simple example illustrating how you might define part of an ontology using OWL (Web Ontology Language): ```owl Prefix(:=<http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/example#>) Prefix(owl:=<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>) Ontology(<http://www.semanticweb.org/user/ontologies/example> Declaration(Class(:Animal)) Declaration(Class(:Mammal)) SubClassOf(:Mammal :Animal) Declaration(Class(:Dog)) SubClassOf(:Dog :Mammal) ) ``` This snippet defines basic hierarchical relationships among `Animal`, `Mammal`, and `Dog`.
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