常用linux命令详解

350个linux命令详解

COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解 System information 系统信息 arch show architecture of machine  显示主机的体系结构 uname -r show used kernel version  显示kernel版本信息 dmidecode -q show hardware system components - (SMBIOS / DMI)  显示硬件系统部件 hdaparm -i /dev/hda displays the characteristics of a hard-disk  显示某一硬盘特点 hdparm -tT /dev/sda perform test reading on a hard-disk  执行某一硬盘读取测试 cat /proc/cpuinfo show information CPU info  显示CPU信息 cat /proc/interrupts show interrupts  显示中断信息 cat /proc/meminfo verify memory use  核实内存使用情况 cat /proc/swaps show file(s) swap  显示文件swap情况 cat /proc/version show version of the kernel  显示kernel版本信息 cat /proc/net/dev show network adpters and statistics  显示网络信息 cat /proc/mounts show mounted file system(s)  显示挂载系统信息 lspci -tv display PCI devices  显示PCI设备 lsusb -tv show USB devices  显示USB设备 date show system date  显示系统日期 cal 2007 show the timetable of 2007  显示2007年日历 date 041217002007.00 set date and time - MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Second 设置时间和日期 - 格式：月日时分年.秒 clock -w save changes on BIOS  保存BIOS设置 linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn          COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解 Shutdown, Restart of a system and Logout 系统关机,重启或注销 shutdown -h now shutdown system 关闭系统 init 0 shutdown -r hours:minutes planned shutdown of the system 定时关机 shutdown -c cancel a planned shutdown of the system 取消定时关机 shutdown -r now reboot 重启系统 reboot logout leaving session 注销用户 linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn          COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解 Files and Directory  文件及目录 cd /home enter to directory '/ home' 进入/home目录 cd .. go back one level 向上返回一个目录 cd ../.. go back two levels 向上返回两个目录 cd go to home directory 前往/home目录 cd ~utente go to home directory 前往/home目录 cd - go to previous directory 进入先前所在目录 pwd show the path of work directory 显示目录路径 ls view files of directory 显示目录内包含的文件 ls -F view files of directory 显示目录内包含的文件 ls -l show details of files and directory 显示目录内文件的详细信息 ls -a show hidden files 显示隐藏文件 ls *[0-9]* show files and directory containing number 显示目录内包含有数字的文件 lstree show files and directories in a tree starting from root 以树形显示文件 mkdir dir1 create a directory called 'dir1' 建立dir1目录 mkdir dir1 dir2 create two directories simultaneously 建立两个目录 mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 create a directory tree 建立目录树 rm -f file1 delete file called 'file1' 删除名为file1的文件 rmdir dir1 delete directory called 'dir1' 删除名为dir1的目录 rm -rf dir1 remove a directory called 'dir1' and contents recursively 删除dir1目录及所含文件 rm -rf dir1 dir2 remove two directories and their contents recursively 删除dir1 dir 2两个目录及所含文件 mv dir1 new_dir rename / move a file or directory 重命名/移动 文件或文件夹 cp file1 file2 copying a file 复制文件 cp dir/* . copy all files of a directory within the current work directory 复制目录及目录内所有文件到当前目录 cp -a /tmp/dir1 . copy a directory within the current work directory 复制目录到当前目录 cp -a dir1 dir2 copy a directory 复制目录 ln -s file1 lnk1 create a symbolic link to file or directory 建立文件或目录的符号链 ln file1 lnk1 create a physical link to file or directory 建立文件或目录的物理链 touch -t 0712250000 fileditest modify timestamp of a file or directory - (YYMMDDhhmm) 修改文件或目录的时间戳  - 格式：YYMMDDhhmm linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn          COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解 File search  文件搜索 find / -name file1 search file and directory into root filesystem from '/'  在 / 目录中搜索文件或目录 find / -user user1 search files and directories belonging to 'user1' 搜索属于user1的文件和目录 find /home/user1 -name *.bin search files with '. bin' extension within directory '/ home/user1'  在/home/user1目录内搜索包含有.bin的文件 find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 search bynary files are not used in the last 100 days  搜索100天未用的文件 find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 search files created or changed within 10 days 搜索10天内创建或更改的文件 find / -name *.rpm -exec chmod 755 {} ; search files with '.rpm' extension and modify permits 搜索带有修改属性的.rpm的文件 find / -name *.rpm -xdev search files with '.rpm' extension ignoring removable partitions as cdrom, pen-drive, etc.… 搜索全属性的.rpm的文件 locate *.ps find files with the '.ps' extension - first run 'updatedb' command  搜索扩展名为.ps的文件  - 需要先运行updatedb命令 whereis halt show location of a binary file,source or man  搜索halt的路径 which halt show full path to a binary / executable  取得halt列表并寻找当halt作为命令给定时所运行的文件 linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn          COMMAND 命令 DESCRIPTION 注解 Mounting a Filesystem  挂载文件系统 mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 mount disk called hda2 - verify existence of the directory '/ mnt/hda2' 挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备 umount /dev/hda2 unmount disk called hda2 - exit from mount point '/ mnt/hda2' first  取消挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备 fuser -km /mnt/hda2 force umount when the device is busy  强行取消挂载设备 umount -n /mnt/hda2 run umount without writing the file /etc/mtab - useful when the file is read-only or the hard disk is full  不记录挂载信息直接取消挂载  - 当硬盘为只读或硬盘已满时很实用 mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy mount a floppy disk  挂载软盘 mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom mount a cdrom / dvdrom  挂载CDrom或DVDrom mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder mount a cdrw / dvdrom  挂载CD-RW或DVDrom mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder mount a cdrw / dvdrom  挂载CD-RW或DVDrom mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom mount a file or iso image  挂载一个文件或ISO光盘镜像 mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 mount a Windows FAT32 file system  挂载windows FAT32文件系统 mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk mount a usb pen-drive or flash-drive  挂载USB闪存设备 mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share mount a windows network share  挂载windows网络共享 linux commands line v1.0 - LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 - moon-blog.cn