《python基础教程》项目3

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本项目介绍如何使用Python处理XML文件，通过解析XML数据来自动化构建网站的目录结构。内容涉及XML文件website.xml的读取和解析。

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项目3 ：万能的XML

情况是：自动构建网站，根据一份XML文件，生成对应目录结构的网站

首先是：website.xml

<website>
  <page name="index" title="Home page">
  <h1>Welcome to my Home page</h1>

  <p>Hi, there. My name is Mr.gumby,and this is my home page,here are some of my int:</p>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="interests/shouting.html">Shouting</a></li>
    <li><a href="interests/sleeping.html">Sleeping</a></li>
    <li><a href="interests/eating.html">Eating</a></li>
  </ul>
  </page>
  <directory name="interests">
    <page name="shouting" title="Shouting">
     <h1>shouting page</h1>
     <p>....</p>
    </page>
    <page name="sleeping" title="Sleeping">
      <h1>sleeping page</h1>
      <p>...</p>
    </page>
    <page name="eating" title="Eating">
       <h1>Eating page</h1>
       <p>....</p>
    </page>
  </directory>
</website>

下面是代码：

#-*- coding:utf8 -*-

"""
最终版本(编写多一个混入类，和contenthandlers一起继承)
"""
import os
from xml.sax import ContentHandler
from xml.sax import parse

class Dispatcher:
    '混入类'
    #dispatch的处理思路:首先根据传递的参数（就是操作名称以及节点名称）判断是否存在对应的函数如startPage，
    #                   如果不存在则执行default+操作名称：如defaultStart。
    def dispatch(self, pre, name, attrs=None):
        aname = pre + name.capitalize()
        bname = 'default' + pre.capitalize()
        method = getattr(self, aname, None)

        if callable(method):
            args = ()
        else:
            method = getattr(self, bname, None)
            args = name,
        print method
        if pre == 'start': args += attrs,   #如果是起始处理程序，就将属性添加到args
        if callable(method): method(*args)

    def startElement(self, name, attrs):
        self.dispatch('start', name, attrs)
    def endElement(self, name):
        self.dispatch('end', name)

class Test(Dispatcher, ContentHandler):
    '事件处理程序：2个处理目录，2个处理页面'
    passconfirm = False

    def __init__(self, directory):
        self.directory = [directory]  #列表
        self.judgeDirectory()
    def judgeDirectory(self):
        path = os.path.join(*self.directory)
        if not os.path.isdir(path):
            os.makedirs(path)

    def startDirectory(self,attrs):
        self.directory.append(attrs['name'])
        self.judgeDirectory()
    def endDirectory(self):
        self.directory.pop()

    def Header(self,title):
        self.out.write('<html>\n<head>\n<title>')
        self.out.write(title)
        self.out.write('</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n')
    def Footer(self):
        self.out.write('\n</body></html>\n')

    def startPage(self, attrs):
        filename = os.path.join(*self.directory+[attrs['name']+'.html'])
        self.out = open(filename, 'w')
        self.Header(attrs['title'])
        self.passconfirm = True
    def endPage(self):
        self.passconfirm = False
        self.Footer()
        self.out.close()

    def defaultStart(self, name, attrs):
        if self.passconfirm:
            self.out.write('<' + name)
            for key, val in attrs.items():
                self.out.write(' %s="%s"' % (key, val))
            self.out.write('>')
    def defaultEnd(self, name):
        if self.passconfirm:
            self.out.write('</%s>' % name)
    def characters(self, content):
        if self.passconfirm:
            self.out.write(content)

parse('website.xml', Test('A'))  #parse函数：解析xml文件：负责读取文件并生成事件

执行完生成四个html文件