JDK动态代理建立在Java反射机制之上,在程序运行时对指定接口增强,降低接口的耦合性,被广泛应用Spring框架。本文将从Proxy的调用以及其缓存机制WeakCache介绍JDK动态代理的工作原理
在生成动态代理时,通常会调用Proxy的静态方法getProxyClass,在Proxy内部实际则是对getProxyClass0的简单包装
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {//代理接口数上限检查
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);//缓存获取代理类
}
proxyClassCache作为Proxy内部私有成员变量其定义如下:
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());
定义WeakCache作为代理类缓存容器,先对WeakCache详细分析,其相应的成员变量如下:
private final ReferenceQueue<K> refQueue
= new ReferenceQueue<>();//引用队列,与弱引用关联,GC后可用于更新无效缓存
// the key type is Object for supporting null key
private final ConcurrentMap<Object, ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>>> map
= new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); //缓存实际对应的map
private final ConcurrentMap<Supplier<V>, Boolean> reverseMap
= new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); //有效代理类的缓存
private final BiFunction<K, P, ?> subKeyFactory; //缓存中Key的生成工厂
private final BiFunction<K, P, V> valueFactory; //缓存中Value的生成工厂
WeakCache使用二级缓存来缓存动态代理的生成类,Key-value含义如下
利用GC更新过期缓存
WeakCache缓存背后的机制是通过弱引用,以及关联引用队列将为被GC的value对象有效的缓存,而当JVM内存不够时,又可以回收缓存中弱引用对象进而回收过期缓存,包装了缓存机制的健壮性
private void expungeStaleEntries() {
CacheKey<K> cacheKey;
while ((cacheKey = (CacheKey<K>)refQueue.poll()) != null) {//引用队列中有对象被GC
cacheKey.expungeFrom(map, reverseMap);//清除缓存过期缓存
}
}
更新过期缓存
void expungeFrom(ConcurrentMap<?, ? extends ConcurrentMap<?, ?>> map,
ConcurrentMap<?, Boolean> reverseMap) {
ConcurrentMap<?, ?> valuesMap = map.remove(this);//map中将被回收的key-value移除
if (valuesMap != null) {//有相应的过期缓存代理类
for (Object cacheValue : valuesMap.values()) {
reverseMap.remove(cacheValue);//更新缓存辅助类,以方便确定有效缓存类的数量
}
}
}
存取缓存流程
public V get(K key, P parameter) {
Objects.requireNonNull(parameter);//参数检查
expungeStaleEntries();//缓存更新
Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue);//将缓存key与引用队列关联
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey);//获取一级缓存
if (valuesMap == null) {
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap
= map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey,
valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
if (oldValuesMap != null) {
valuesMap = oldValuesMap;
}
}
Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter));//根据keyFactory生成对应的key (1)
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);//尝试获取缓存的代理类的工厂
Factory factory = null;
while (true) {
if (supplier != null) {
V value = supplier.get();//获取缓存代理类(2)
if (value != null) {
return value;
}
}
if (factory == null) {
factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap);//初始化工厂
}
if (supplier == null) {//初始化缓存类工厂
supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory);
if (supplier == null) {
// successfully installed Factory
supplier = factory;
}
} else {//更新缓存类工厂
if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) {
supplier = factory;
} else {
// retry with current supplier
supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
}
}
}
}
WeakCache获取的代理类时,先更新引用队列,然后以需获取代理类的classload与引用队列关联并包装为对应一级缓存key。然后通过缓存keyFactory工厂的apply生成缓存代理类工厂(由Proxy内部类KeyFactory实现)
public Object apply(ClassLoader classLoader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
switch (interfaces.length) {//根据接口,生成缓存Key对象
case 1: return new Key1(interfaces[0]);
case 2: return new Key2(interfaces[0], interfaces[1]);
case 0: return key0;
default: return new KeyX(interfaces);
}
}
缓存key工厂根据缓存代理代理类接口生成对应的key对象,以作为而二级缓存去获取缓存类工厂,成功更新到缓存工厂之后,缓存工厂将从二级缓存获取代理类,流程如下:
public synchronized V get() {
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
if (supplier != this) {//再次更新缓存key工厂
return null;
}
V value = null;
try {
value = Objects.requireNonNull(valueFactory.apply(key, parameter));//value工厂生成缓存类
} finally {
if (value == null) { // remove us on failure
valuesMap.remove(subKey, this);//获取失败,移除缓存key
}
}
assert value != null;
CacheValue<V> cacheValue = new CacheValue<>(value);//缓存类包装
reverseMap.put(cacheValue, Boolean.TRUE);//存入缓存辅助类
if (!valuesMap.replace(subKey, this, cacheValue)) {//更新supplied为cacheValue,(在JVM GC之前直接获取,不再通过反射生成)
throw new AssertionError("Should not reach here");
}
return value;
}
缓存工厂获取代理类时,首先更新工厂以确保线程安全性,然后由相应的valueFactory生成相应代理类,这里需要说明的是valueFactory生成代理类成功之后调用valuesMap.replace(subKey, this, cacheValue)将supplier替换为cacheValue以便后续缓存获取,而不是重新生成。
缓存代理类的生成
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {//检查接口合法性
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {//含非公共接口,匹配特定包名
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {//非公共接口不能在不同包
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {//均为代理接口均为接口默认包名
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);//生成对应代理类二进制
try {
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);//定义代理类
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
代理类的生成主要由Java反射机制,并有jvm的本地方法defineClass0实现。ValueFactory生成代理类之后,将代理类缓存更新,以便后续使用
本文深入剖析JDK动态代理的工作原理,重点介绍了Proxy类的getProxyClass方法如何生成动态代理类,以及WeakCache缓存机制如何高效管理和更新这些代理类。
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