Doctrine ORM：MySQL 单表操作指南

最新推荐文章于 2025-09-08 00:48:59 发布
最新推荐文章于 2025-09-08 00:48:59 发布
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本文介绍了如何使用Doctrine ORM库对MySQL数据库进行单表操作，包括安装配置、创建实体类以及执行CRUD（创建、读取、更新、删除）操作。通过示例代码，展示了如何创建和管理数据库中的用户记录。

在本文中，我们将探讨如何使用Doctrine ORM库进行MySQL数据库的单表操作。Doctrine是一个流行的PHP对象关系映射（ORM）工具，它提供了一种方便的方式来管理数据库表和实体对象之间的映射关系。我们将学习如何创建实体类、执行CRUD（创建、读取、更新、删除）操作，并展示相应的源代码。

  1. 安装和配置Doctrine

首先，我们需要安装Doctrine。可以通过Composer来完成安装：

composer require doctrine/orm

安装完成后，我们需要进行一些配置。在项目的根目录下创建一个名为 config.php 的文件，并添加以下内容：

<?php

require_once "vendor/autoload.php";

use Doctrine\ORM\Tools
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Doctrine ORM for PHP.pdf
08-18
Table of Contents Introduction....................................................................................................13 Code Examples........................................................................................................13 What is Doctrine?....................................................................................................13 What is an ORM?.....................................................................................................13 What is the Problem?...............................................................................................13 Minimum Requirements..........................................................................................14 Basic Overview........................................................................................................14 Doctrine Explained..................................................................................................15 Key Concepts...........................................................................................................16 Further Reading......................................................................................................17 Conclusion...............................................................................................................17 Getting Started...............................................................................................18 Checking Requirements...........................................................................................18 Installing..................................................................................................................19 Sandbox..............................................................................................................................19 SVN.....................................................................................................................................19 Installing.........................................................................................................................................19 Updating.........................................................................................................................................20 SVN Externals....................................................................................................................20 PEAR Installer....................................................................................................................20 Download Pear Package.....................................................................................................21 Implementing...........................................................................................................21 Including Doctrine Libraries..............................................................................................21 Require Doctrine Base Class..............................................................................................21 Register Autoloader............................................................................................................22 Autoloading Explained....................................................................................................................22 Bootstrap File.....................................................................................................................23 Test Script..........................................................................................................................23 Conclusion...............................................................................................................24 Introduction to Connections...........................................................................25 DSN, the Data Source Name...................................................................................25 Examples............................................................................................................................27 Opening New Connections......................................................................................27 Lazy Database Connecting......................................................................................28 Testing your Connection..........................................................................................28 Conclusion...............................................................................................................29 Configuration..................................................................................................30 Levels of Configuration............................................................................................30 Portability................................................................................................................31 Portability Mode Attributes................................................................................................31 Table of Contents ii ----------------- Brought to you by Examples............................................................................................................................32 Identifier quoting.....................................................................................................32 Exporting.................................................................................................................33 Naming convention attributes.................................................................................34 Index name format.............................................................................................................34 Sequence name format.......................................................................................................34 Table name format.............................................................................................................34 Database name format.......................................................................................................34 Validation attributes...........................................................................................................35 Validation mode constants.................................................................................................35 Examples............................................................................................................................35 Optional String Syntax............................................................................................35 Conclusion...............................................................................................................36 Connections....................................................................................................37 Introduction.............................................................................................................37 Opening Connections...............................................................................................37 Retrieve Connections...............................................................................................37 Current Connection.................................................................................................38 Change Current Connection....................................................................................38 Iterating Connections..............................................................................................38 Get Connection Name..............................................................................................38 Close Connection.....................................................................................................39 Get All Connections.................................................................................................39 Count Connections...................................................................................................40 Creating and Dropping Database............................................................................40 Conclusion...............................................................................................................40 Introduction to Models...................................................................................42 Introduction.............................................................................................................42 Generating Models..................................................................................................42 Existing Databases.............................................................................................................43 Making the first import...................................................................................................................43 Schema Files......................................................................................................................46 Manually Writing Models........................................................................................48 Autoloading Models.................................................................................................48 Conservative.......................................................................................................................48 Aggressive..........................................................................................................................49 Conclusion...............................................................................................................50 Defining Models..............................................................................................51 Columns...................................................................................................................51 Column Lengths.................................................................................................................51 Column Aliases...................................................................................................................52 Default values.....................................................................................................................52 Data types...........................................................................................................................53 Introduction....................................................................................................................................53 Type modifiers................................................................................................................................54 Boolean...........................................................................................................................................54 Integer............................................................................................................................................55 Float................................................................................................................................................55 Decimal...........................................................................................................................................56 String..............................................................................................................................................57 Array...............................................................................................................................................57 Object.............................................................................................................................................58 Table of Contents iii ----------------- Brought to you by Blob.................................................................................................................................................58 Clob.................................................................................................................................................58 Timestamp......................................................................................................................................59 Time................................................................................................................................................59 Date................................................................................................................................................60 Enum...............................................................................................................................................60 Gzip.................................................................................................................................................61 Examples............................................................................................................................61 Relationships...........................................................................................................64 Introduction........................................................................................................................64 Foreign Key Associations...................................................................................................69 One to One......................................................................................................................................69 One to Many and Many to One.......................................................................................................70 Tree Structure................................................................................................................................72 Join Table Associations.......................................................................................................73 Many to Many.................................................................................................................................73 Self Referencing (Nest Relations)..................................................................................................77 Non-Equal Nest Relations............................................................................................................................77 Equal Nest Relations....................................................................................................................................78 Foreign Key Constraints.....................................................................................................80 Introduction....................................................................................................................................80 Integrity Actions.............................................................................................................................82 Indexes.....................................................................................................................84 Introduction........................................................................................................................84 Adding indexes...................................................................................................................84 Index options......................................................................................................................86 Special indexes...................................................................................................................87 Checks.....................................................................................................................87 Table Options...........................................................................................................88 Transitive Persistence.............................................................................................89 Application-Level Cascades................................................................................................89 Save Cascades................................................................................................................................90 Delete Cascades..............................................................................................................................90 Database-Level Cascades...................................................................................................91 Conclusion...............................................................................................................92 Working with Models......................................................................................93 Define Test Schema.................................................................................................93 Dealing with Relations.............................................................................................97 Creating Related Records..................................................................................................97 Retrieving Related Records................................................................................................99 Updating Related Records................................................................................................100 Deleting Related Records.................................................................................................100 Working with Related Records.........................................................................................101 Testing the Existence of a Relation..............................................................................................101 Many-to-Many Relations........................................................................................102 Creating a New Link.........................................................................................................102 Deleting a Link.................................................................................................................102 Fetching Objects....................................................................................................103 Sample Queries................................................................................................................105 Field Lazy Loading...........................................................................................................111 Arrays and Objects................................................................................................112 To Array............................................................................................................................112 From Array.......................................................................................................................112 Synchronize With Array....................................................................................................112 Overriding the Constructor...................................................................................113 Conclusion.............................................................................................................114 Table of Contents iv ----------------- Brought to you by DQL (Doctrine Query Language)..................................................................115 Introduction...........................................................................................................115 SELECT queries.....................................................................................................117 Aggregate values..............................................................................................................121 UPDATE queries....................................................................................................122 DELETE Queries....................................................................................................123 FROM clause.........................................................................................................124 JOIN syntax............................................................................................................124 ON keyword......................................................................................................................126 WITH keyword..................................................................................................................126 INDEXBY keyword.................................................................................................127 WHERE clause.......................................................................................................128 Conditional expressions.........................................................................................129 Literals.............................................................................................................................129 Input parameters..............................................................................................................131 Operators and operator precedence................................................................................132 In expressions...................................................................................................................133 Like Expressions...............................................................................................................134 Exists Expressions............................................................................................................135 All and Any Expressions...................................................................................................137 Subqueries........................................................................................................................137 Functional Expressions..........................................................................................139 String functions................................................................................................................139 Arithmetic functions.........................................................................................................141 Subqueries.............................................................................................................141 Introduction......................................................................................................................141 Comparisons using subqueries.........................................................................................141 GROUP BY, HAVING clauses.................................................................................142 ORDER BY clause..................................................................................................144 Introduction......................................................................................................................144 Sorting by an aggregate value.........................................................................................145 Using random order.........................................................................................................145 LIMIT and OFFSET clauses...................................................................................146 Driver Portability..............................................................................................................146 The limit-subquery-algorithm...........................................................................................147 Named Queries......................................................................................................148 Creating a Named Query..................................................................................................149 Accessing Named Query...................................................................................................149 Executing a Named Query................................................................................................150 Cross-Accessing Named Query........................................................................................150 BNF........................................................................................................................150 Magic Finders........................................................................................................154 Debugging Queries................................................................................................155 Conclusion.............................................................................................................155 Component Overview....................................................................................156 Manager.................................................................................................................156 Retrieving Connections....................................................................................................156 Connection.............................................................................................................157 Available Drivers..............................................................................................................157 Creating Connections.......................................................................................................157 Flushing the Connection..................................................................................................157 Table......................................................................................................................158 Table of Contents v ----------------- Brought to you by Getting a Table Object......................................................................................................158 Getting Column Information.............................................................................................158 Getting Relation Information............................................................................................159 Finder Methods................................................................................................................161 Custom Table Classes...................................................................................................................162 Custom Finders................................................................................................................162 Record....................................................................................................................163 Properties.........................................................................................................................163 Updating Records.............................................................................................................166 Replacing Records............................................................................................................167 Refreshing Records..........................................................................................................167 Refreshing relationships...................................................................................................168 Deleting Records..............................................................................................................169 Using Expression Values..................................................................................................170 Getting Record State........................................................................................................170 Getting Object Copy.........................................................................................................171 Saving a Blank Record.....................................................................................................172 Mapping Custom Values...................................................................................................172 Serializing.........................................................................................................................172 Checking Existence..........................................................................................................172 Function Callbacks for Columns......................................................................................173 Collection...............................................................................................................173 Accessing Elements..........................................................................................................173 Adding new Elements.......................................................................................................174 Getting Collection Count..................................................................................................174 Saving the Collection........................................................................................................175 Deleting the Collection.....................................................................................................175 Key Mapping.....................................................................................................................175 Loading Related Records.................................................................................................176 Validator................................................................................................................177 More Validation................................................................................................................178 Valid or Not Valid.............................................................................................................179 Implicit Validation........................................................................................................................179 Explicit Validation.........................................................................................................................179 Profiler...................................................................................................................180 Basic Usage......................................................................................................................181 Locking Manager...................................................................................................181 Optimistic Locking...........................................................................................................181 Pessimistic Locking..........................................................................................................182 Examples..........................................................................................................................182 Technical Details..............................................................................................................183 Views......................................................................................................................183 Using Views......................................................................................................................183 Conclusion.............................................................................................................184 Native SQL....................................................................................................185 Introduction...........................................................................................................185 Component Queries...............................................................................................185 Fetching from Multiple Components.....................................................................186 Conclusion.............................................................................................................187 YAML Schema Files.......................................................................................188 Introduction...........................................................................................................188 Abbreviated Syntax................................................................................................188 Verbose Syntax......................................................................................................189 Table of Contents vi ----------------- Brought to you by Relationships.........................................................................................................189 Detect Relations...............................................................................................................190 Customizing Relationships...............................................................................................190 One to One........................................................................................................................191 One to Many.....................................................................................................................191 Many to Many...................................................................................................................192 Features & Examples.............................................................................................193 Connection Binding..........................................................................................................193 Attributes..........................................................................................................................193 Enums...............................................................................................................................194 ActAs Behaviors................................................................................................................194 Listeners...........................................................................................................................195 Options.............................................................................................................................196 Indexes.............................................................................................................................196 Inheritance.......................................................................................................................197 Simple Inheritance.......................................................................................................................197 Concrete Inheritance....................................................................................................................197 Column Aggregation Inheritance.................................................................................................198 Column Aliases.................................................................................................................199 Packages...........................................................................................................................199 Package Custom Path...................................................................................................................199 Global Schema Information..............................................................................................199 Using Schema Files...............................................................................................200 Conclusion.............................................................................................................201 Data Validation.............................................................................................202 Introduction...........................................................................................................202 Examples................................................................................................................204 Not Null............................................................................................................................204 Email.................................................................................................................................205 Not Blank..........................................................................................................................206 No Space..........................................................................................................................207 Past...................................................................................................................................208 Future...............................................................................................................................208 Min Length.......................................................................................................................209 Country.............................................................................................................................210 IP Address........................................................................................................................211 HTML Color......................................................................................................................212 Range................................................................................................................................213 Unique..............................................................................................................................214 Regular Expression..........................................................................................................215 Credit Card.......................................................................................................................216 Read Only.........................................................................................................................217 Unsigned..........................................................................................................................217 US State...........................................................................................................................218 Conclusion.............................................................................................................219 Inheritance....................................................................................................220 Simple....................................................................................................................220 Concrete................................................................................................................221 Column Aggregation..............................................................................................224 Conclusion.............................................................................................................227 Behaviors......................................................................................................228 Introduction...........................................................................................................228 Simple Templates..................................................................................................229 Table of Contents vii ----------------- Brought to you by Templates with Relations......................................................................................230 Delegate Methods..................................................................................................234 Creating Behaviors................................................................................................235 Core Behaviors......................................................................................................236 Introduction......................................................................................................................236 Versionable.......................................................................................................................236 Timestampable.................................................................................................................238 Sluggable..........................................................................................................................240 I18n..................................................................................................................................242 NestedSet.........................................................................................................................244 Searchable........................................................................................................................246 Geographical....................................................................................................................247 SoftDelete.........................................................................................................................250 Nesting Behaviors..................................................................................................252 Generating Files....................................................................................................253 Querying Generated Classes.................................................................................254 Conclusion.............................................................................................................255 Searching......................................................................................................256 Introduction...........................................................................................................256 Index structure......................................................................................................258 Index Building........................................................................................................258 Text Analyzers.......................................................................................................259 Query language......................................................................................................260 Performing Searches.............................................................................................260 File searches..........................................................................................................263 Conclusion.............................................................................................................264 Hierarchical Data..........................................................................................265 Introduction...........................................................................................................265 Nested Set.............................................................................................................266 Introduction......................................................................................................................266 Setting Up........................................................................................................................266 Multiple Trees..................................................................................................................267 Working with Trees..........................................................................................................267 Creating a Root Node...................................................................................................................268 Inserting a Node...........................................................................................................................268 Deleting a Node............................................................................................................................268 Moving a Node..............................................................................................................................269 Examining a Node.........................................................................................................................269 Examining and Retrieving Siblings..............................................................................................270 Examining and Retrieving Descendants.......................................................................................270 Rendering a Simple Tree..............................................................................................................271 Advanced Usage...............................................................................................................271 Fetching a Tree with Relations.....................................................................................................272 Rendering with Indention.................................................................................................273 Conclusion.............................................................................................................273 Data Fixtures.................................................................................................274 Importing...............................................................................................................274 Dumping................................................................................................................274 Implement..............................................................................................................275 Writing...................................................................................................................275 Fixtures For Nested Sets.......................................................................................279 Fixtures For I18n...................................................................................................280 Table of Contents viii ----------------- Brought to you by Conclusion.............................................................................................................280 Database Abstraction Layer..........................................................................281 Export....................................................................................................................281 Introduction......................................................................................................................281 Creating Databases..........................................................................................................282 Creating Tables................................................................................................................282 Creating Foreign Keys......................................................................................................284 Altering table....................................................................................................................285 Creating Indexes..............................................................................................................287 Deleting database elements.............................................................................................287 Import....................................................................................................................288 Introduction......................................................................................................................288 Listing Databases.............................................................................................................289 Listing Sequences............................................................................................................289 Listing Constraints...........................................................................................................289 Listing Table Columns......................................................................................................289 Listing Table Indexes.......................................................................................................289 Listing Tables...................................................................................................................290 Listing Views....................................................................................................................290 DataDict.................................................................................................................290 Introduction......................................................................................................................290 Getting portable declaration............................................................................................290 Getting Native Declaration...............................................................................................291 Drivers...................................................................................................................291 Mysql................................................................................................................................291 Setting table type.........................................................................................................................291 Conclusion.............................................................................................................292 Transactions..................................................................................................293 Introduction...........................................................................................................293 Nesting..................................................................................................................294 Savepoints.............................................................................................................295 Isolation Levels......................................................................................................296 Conclusion.............................................................................................................297 Event Listeners.............................................................................................298 Introduction...........................................................................................................298 Connection Listeners.............................................................................................299 Creating a New Listener..................................................................................................299 Attaching listeners...........................................................................................................300 Pre and Post Connect.......................................................................................................300 Transaction Listeners.......................................................................................................301 Query Execution Listeners...............................................................................................301 Hydration Listeners...............................................................................................302 Record Listeners....................................................................................................303 Record Hooks.........................................................................................................304 DQL Hooks.............................................................................................................305 Chaining Listeners.................................................................................................308 The Event object....................................................................................................308 Getting the Invoker..........................................................................................................308 Event Codes......................................................................................................................308 Getting the Invoker..........................................................................................................308 Skip Next Operation.........................................................................................................309 Skip Next Listener............................................................................................................310 Table of Contents ix ----------------- Brought to you by Conclusion.............................................................................................................310 Caching.........................................................................................................311 Introduction...........................................................................................................311 Drivers...................................................................................................................311 Memcache........................................................................................................................311 APC...................................................................................................................................312 Db.....................................................................................................................................312 Query Cache & Result Cache................................................................................313 Introduction......................................................................................................................313 Query Cache.....................................................................................................................313 Using the Query Cache.................................................................................................................313 Fine Tuning...................................................................................................................................314 Result Cache.....................................................................................................................314 Using the Result Cache................................................................................................................314 Fine Tuning...................................................................................................................................315 Conclusion.............................................................................................................315 Migrations.....................................................................................................316 Performing Migrations..........................................................................................316 Implement..............................................................................................................317 Writing Migration Classes.....................................................................................317 Available Operations........................................................................................................319 Create Table.................................................................................................................................319 Drop Table....................................................................................................................................319 Rename Table...............................................................................................................................320 Create Constraint.........................................................................................................................320 Drop Constraint............................................................................................................................320 Create Foreign Key.......................................................................................................................320 Drop Foreign Key..........................................................................................................................321 Add Column..................................................................................................................................321 Rename Column............................................................................................................................321 Change Column............................................................................................................................321 Remove Column............................................................................................................................322 Irreversible Migration..................................................................................................................322 Add Index......................................................................................................................................322 Remove Index...............................................................................................................................322 Pre and Post Hooks..........................................................................................................322 Generating Migrations.....................................................................................................323 From Database.............................................................................................................................324 From Existing Models...................................................................................................................324 Conclusion.............................................................................................................324 Utilities..........................................................................................................325 Pagination..............................................................................................................325 Introduction......................................................................................................................325 Working with Pager..........................................................................................................325 Controlling Range Styles..................................................................................................327 Sliding...........................................................................................................................................328 Jumping.........................................................................................................................................328 Advanced layouts with pager...........................................................................................329 Mask.............................................................................................................................................329 Template.......................................................................................................................................330 Customizing pager layout.................................................................................................332 Facade...................................................................................................................335 Creating & Dropping Databases......................................................................................335 Convenience Methods......................................................................................................335 Tasks.................................................................................................................................337 Table of Contents x ----------------- Brought to you by Command Line Interface.......................................................................................338 Introduction......................................................................................................................338 Tasks.................................................................................................................................338 Usage................................................................................................................................339 Sandbox.................................................................................................................339 Installation........................................................................................................................339 Conclusion.............................................................................................................340 Unit Testing..................................................................................................341 Running tests.........................................................................................................341 CLI....................................................................................................................................341 Browser............................................................................................................................342 Writing Tests.........................................................................................................342 Ticket Tests......................................................................................................................343 Methods for testing..........................................................................................................343 Assert Equal..................................................................................................................................343 Assert Not Equal...........................................................................................................................344 Assert Identical.............................................................................................................................344 Assert True...................................................................................................................................344 Assert False..................................................................................................................................344 Mock Drivers....................................................................................................................344 Test Class Guidelines.......................................................................................................345 Test Method Guidelines....................................................................................................345 Conclusion.............................................................................................................346 Improving Performance................................................................................347 Introduction...........................................................................................................347 Compile..................................................................................................................347 Conservative Fetching...........................................................................................348 Bundle your Class Files.........................................................................................350 Use a Bytecode Cache...........................................................................................350 Free Objects...........................................................................................................350 Other Tips..............................................................................................................351 Conclusion.............................................................................................................352 Technology....................................................................................................353 Introduction...........................................................................................................353 Architecture...........................................................................................................353 Doctrine CORE.................................................................................................................353 Doctrine DBAL..................................................................................................................354 Doctrine ORM...................................................................................................................354 Design Patterns Used............................................................................................354 Speed.....................................................................................................................355 Conclusion.............................................................................................................356 Exceptions and Warnings.............................................................................357 Manager exceptions...............................................................................................357 Relation exceptions.............................
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