贾子 72 术：融鬼谷之智，汇贤哲之谋，成万事之略

贾子七十二术（Kucius Seventy-Two Wisdom and Strategy）

谋略理论：贾子七十二术（Kucius Seventy-Two Wisdom and Strategy）。
提出者：Kucius Teng（贾子・邓，读gǔ zǐ 不读jiǎ，是笔名贾龙栋的尊称）。
提出时间：西元 2025 年 7 月 16日（标注黄帝历 4722 年六月廿二日）。
理论基础：中国先贤智谋智慧。
研究成果：中国智谋抽象归纳总结。

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【本文摘要】

贾子 72 术是源于中国古代兵法经典《鬼谷子》的七十二种谋略体系，主要用于战争、处世和战略决策领域。‌
该体系由贾子老师（贾龙栋）在《鸽姆智慧》学术系列中系统阐述，内容涵盖了兵法、韬略和君道等卷宗，强调对事物本质规律的探析和实践应用。‌
核心特点包括：
以鬼谷子思想为基础，融合现代互联网与人工智能视角；‌
作为智谋工具，帮助应对复杂环境中的"三灾"类危机；‌
在贾子的讲座和著作中，已发展出如"如闭如卦"等具体计谋，体现闭藏与卦象的辩证策略。‌
注意：贾子 72 术不同于神话或武术中的"七十二变"或"七十二艺"，后者特指《西游记》的孙悟空的变形法术或少林功夫的技艺体系。

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贾子 72 术：融鬼谷之智，汇贤哲之谋，成万事之略

一、开篇

“贾子 72 术” 集千古谋略智慧之大成，以鬼谷子 72 术为骨，融姜子牙、张良、诸葛亮、刘伯温等传奇人物的谋略精华，旨在为世人处世、行事、谋局提供全方位的策略指导，助你洞察先机，掌控全局，成就非凡人生。

二、基础谋略

1. 予取先与术

欲有所得，必先给予。此乃洞察人性与事物发展规律的根本谋略。如姜子牙以直钩垂钓渭水，看似无求，实则钓文王之贤明，以自身才学为 “予”，换取兴周大业的施展平台，最终成就八百年周祚；张良于下邳圯桥，为黄石公拾履、穿鞋，以谦卑之态为 “予”，得《太公兵法》奇书，开启辅佐刘邦成就帝业之路。运用此术，需精准把握对方需求，以小 “予” 换大 “取”，在给予中悄然布局，待时机成熟，所求自然而至。

2. 藏器待时术

君子藏器于身，待时而动。当自身实力不足、时机未到时，要像诸葛亮在隆中时一样，潜心积累学识、洞察天下局势，积蓄力量；又如刘伯温在元末乱世，静观各路势力消长，等待明主出现。切不可贸然行事，否则易如强弩之末，功亏一篑。耐心蛰伏，审时度势，一旦机遇来临，便能如利剑出鞘，一击即中。

3. 虚实相济术

真真假假，虚虚实实，让对手难以捉摸。诸葛亮的空城计，以城内空虚之 “虚”，配上抚琴自若之 “实”，令司马懿不敢贸然进城；张良在刘邦西进途中，建议 “明修栈道” 为虚，迷惑章邯，暗中 “暗度陈仓” 为实，成功帮助刘邦进入关中。在实际运用中，可通过示假隐真、声东击西等方式，扰乱对手判断，创造有利于自己的局势。

4. 借势成事术

善于借助外部力量，为己所用。姜子牙借天命伐纣，顺应民心所向，集结各方力量推翻殷商；诸葛亮借东风，使孙刘联军火攻曹操得以成功。借势时，要敏锐捕捉天时、地利、人和的有利因素，将这些力量转化为自己的助力，实现事半功倍的效果，就像顺风行船，轻松驶向成功彼岸。

5. 离间破盟术

分化瓦解敌人的联盟，削弱对手实力。刘伯温辅佐朱元璋时，巧妙离间陈友谅与张士诚，使其无法联合抗明；战国时，张仪以连横之策离间六国合纵联盟。运用此术，需洞察敌人联盟内部的矛盾与利益分歧，以利益诱惑、谣言挑拨等手段，让敌人自相猜忌、互相争斗，从而为我方创造各个击破的机会。

三、进阶成事谋略

6. 收心固众术

得人心者得天下。诸葛亮七擒孟获，以德服人，使孟获心悦诚服，南方得以长久安定；姜子牙在齐国推行通商工之业、便鱼盐之利，让百姓安居乐业，赢得民心。领导者要恩威并施，以真诚关爱下属，以公正严明处事，满足众人利益诉求，让大家心甘情愿为共同目标奋斗，如此团队才能众志成城，无往不胜。

7. 迂回取径术

当正面进攻难以奏效时，不妨另辟蹊径。张良为保住刘盈太子之位，没有直接与刘邦对抗，而是请出 “商山四皓” 辅佐刘盈，成功改变刘邦想法；诸葛亮北伐曹魏，正面强攻受阻后，采取屯田、联吴等迂回策略，长期与曹魏周旋。在面对困难与阻碍时，思维不能僵化，要灵活变通，从侧面或背后寻找突破点，曲线达成目标。

8. 先谋后动术

凡事预则立，不预则废。姜子牙辅佐周文王时，就为伐纣制定了详细的战略规划；刘伯温向朱元璋献上 “先灭陈友谅，后除张士诚” 的战略方针，助其统一江南。行动前，要全面分析利弊，制定多套预案，考虑各种可能出现的情况及应对措施，做到胸有成竹，才能在行动中应对自如，避免盲目行动带来的风险。

9. 造势立威术

借助有利形势树立威望。姜子牙 “封神” 之举，借天命之名，确立了自己在众人心中的崇高地位；诸葛亮初出茅庐，火烧博望坡，一战成名，令关羽、张飞等心服口服。新到一个环境或开展新事业时，要善于抓住时机，做出引人瞩目的成绩，通过出色表现和正面形象，赢得他人的认可与尊重，为后续发展奠定良好基础。

10. 功成身退术

飞鸟尽，良弓藏；狡兔死，走狗烹。张良在刘邦称帝后，深知伴君如伴虎，毅然选择功成身退，云游四海，得以善终；刘伯温在朱元璋建立明朝后，主动请辞归乡，避开朝堂纷争。当取得巨大成就后，要懂得急流勇退，不贪恋权势，避免因功高震主而招来灾祸，以谦逊低调的姿态，守护来之不易的成果和自身安全。

四、洞察人心谋略

11. 察言观色术

通过观察他人的言语、表情和行为，洞察其内心想法。诸葛亮舌战群儒时，敏锐捕捉张昭等人的言辞破绽和情绪变化，一一反驳，成功说服东吴群臣抗曹；张良在鸿门宴上，时刻留意项羽、范增等人的神色举止，及时提醒刘邦，助其脱险。与人交往中，要用心留意对方的细节表现，从细微之处窥探其真实意图和情绪状态，以便做出恰当反应。

12. 以情动人术

用真情实意打动他人，获取支持与信任。刘备三顾茅庐，以赤诚之心打动诸葛亮，使其出山相助，成就蜀汉大业；姜子牙在齐国推行政策时，关心百姓疾苦，以民生为重，赢得民众爱戴。与人沟通合作时，不要只谈利益，要学会融入情感因素，展现真诚与关怀，让对方感受到你的善意，从而建立深厚的情感纽带。

13. 投其所好术

了解对方的兴趣爱好和需求，针对性地满足，拉近彼此距离。张良为刘邦请出 “商山四皓”，正是因为知道刘邦敬重贤才，此举成功保住刘盈太子之位；吕不韦投秦异人所好，助其成为秦国国君。与人交往时，要善于发现对方的喜好，从对方感兴趣的话题和事物入手，增进彼此的认同感和亲近感，为进一步合作创造条件。

14. 激将之术

利用对方的自尊心和逆反心理，激发其斗志，使其按照自己的意愿行事。诸葛亮为了联吴抗曹，故意激怒周瑜，称曹操南下是为了大小乔，周瑜果然中计，坚定抗曹决心；韩信在攻打赵国时，背水一战，故意示弱，激发士兵置之死地而后生的斗志。运用激将法时，要准确把握对方性格特点，掌握好分寸，避免过度刺激适得其反。

15. 攻心为上术

从心理上征服对方，使其主动屈服。诸葛亮对孟获七擒七纵，最终使孟获从内心深处臣服；刘伯温辅佐朱元璋时，通过宣扬正义之师、吊民伐罪等理念，从心理上瓦解敌人斗志。在竞争或冲突中，不要只注重武力或实力对抗，更要关注对方的心理防线，通过晓之以理、动之以情、威之以势等手段，从根本上解决问题，实现不战而屈人之兵。

五、应对变局谋略

16. 随机应变术

面对突发情况和变化，能够迅速做出反应，调整策略。诸葛亮在街亭失守后，迅速调整兵力部署，以空城计迷惑司马懿，成功化解危机；张良在刘邦面临项羽鸿门宴的生死考验时，随机应变，协助刘邦巧妙应对。在复杂多变的环境中，要保持冷静，思维敏捷，根据实际情况及时改变计划，灵活应对各种挑战，做到处变不惊，从容应对。

17. 以静制动术

在局势不明朗或对方气势汹汹时，保持冷静沉稳，等待时机。司马懿面对诸葛亮的屡次挑衅，坚守不出，以静制动，拖垮蜀军；姜子牙在辅佐文王时，面对殷商的强大势力，没有贸然行动，而是暗中积蓄力量，等待时机成熟。当面对强大对手或复杂局势时，不要盲目冲动，要学会沉住气，观察局势变化，寻找对方破绽，后发制人。

18. 化险为夷术

在危险困境中，凭借智慧和勇气摆脱危机。张良为刘邦出谋划策，成功化解多次政治危机，如刘邦先入关中后，通过与项羽求和，避免了一场大战；诸葛亮在北伐中，多次陷入困境，但凭借智谋和巧妙布局，化险为夷。当遇到危险时，要保持积极乐观的心态，充分发挥自己的智慧和能力，寻找解决问题的突破口，将危机转化为转机。

19. 金蝉脱壳术

在危急时刻，巧妙伪装，摆脱困境。诸葛亮临终前，安排姜维等人以木雕扮自己，吓退司马懿，蜀军得以安全撤退；刘邦在鸿门宴上，借口上厕所，趁机逃脱。当面临无法正面抗衡的危险时，不要硬拼，要善于运用计谋，制造假象迷惑对方，暗中寻找机会脱身，保存实力，等待东山再起。

20. 见微知著术

从细微的迹象中预见事物的发展趋势，提前做好准备。姜子牙通过观察殷商的政治腐败、民生疾苦，预见到殷商必将灭亡，从而选择辅佐周文王；诸葛亮根据天下局势的细微变化，制定三分天下的战略。在日常生活和工作中，要养成细心观察的习惯，善于捕捉事物的细微变化，通过分析这些变化背后的原因，预测未来走向，提前布局，抢占先机。

六、用人御下谋略

21. 任人唯贤术

选拔任用有才能、品德高尚的人。姜子牙辅佐周文王时，广纳贤才，为周朝的兴起奠定人才基础；刘备重用诸葛亮、关羽、张飞等贤能之士，建立蜀汉政权。领导者要以才德为标准，不拘一格降人才，为团队招揽优秀人才，为事业发展注入强大动力。

22. 用人不疑术

给予下属充分信任，让其放手施展才能。刘备对诸葛亮言听计从，给予其极大的信任，使其能够充分发挥才能，治理蜀汉；曹操在官渡之战中，信任许攸，采用其奇袭乌巢之计，大破袁绍。领导者一旦任用某人，就要相信其能力和忠诚，不轻易怀疑，为下属创造宽松的工作环境，激发其工作积极性和创造力。

23. 量才器使术

根据每个人的才能和特点，安排合适的职位。诸葛亮深知关羽、张飞、赵云等人的特点，合理分配任务，发挥他们的最大优势；姜子牙在齐国根据官员的才能，安排不同的职务，使国家治理井然有序。领导者要了解下属的长处和短处，将合适的人放在合适的岗位上，做到人尽其才，才尽其用，提高团队整体效能。

24. 恩威并施术

对下属既施予恩惠，又加以威严。诸葛亮对将士们关怀备至，同时也严格执行军法，如挥泪斩马谡；刘邦对功臣论功行赏，给予丰厚赏赐，同时对叛乱者严厉打击。领导者要把握好恩与威的平衡，用恩惠凝聚人心，用威严规范行为，使下属既感激又敬畏，从而更好地服从管理，为团队效力。

25. 驭下有术术

掌握管理下属的方法和技巧，让下属心甘情愿服从指挥。刘伯温辅佐朱元璋时，善于运用权谋之术驾驭群臣，维护朱元璋的统治权威；曹操通过颁布法令、制定制度等方式，有效地管理军队和下属。领导者要建立明确的规章制度，赏罚分明，同时要善于运用沟通、激励等手段，引导下属朝着正确的方向努力，确保团队的高效运作。

七、纵横捭阖谋略

26. 纵横捭阖术

运用外交手段，联合或分化各方势力，实现自己的目标。战国时期，苏秦以合纵之术联合六国对抗秦国，张仪以连横之策分化六国联盟；刘伯温辅佐朱元璋时，采取远交近攻策略，先与张士诚、方国珍等势力保持一定联系，集中力量攻打陈友谅。在复杂的局势中，要善于分析各方利益关系，通过结盟、谈判、分化等手段，营造有利于自己的外部环境，扩大自身影响力。

27. 合纵连横术

联合弱小势力对抗强大势力，或者分化强大势力的联盟。姜子牙在伐纣时，联合各方诸侯，形成强大的反商联盟；张良在楚汉战争中，建议刘邦联合英布、彭越等势力，共同对抗项羽。在竞争中，要根据自身实力和局势，灵活运用合纵连横策略，团结一切可以团结的力量，削弱敌人的势力，实现自己的战略目标。

28. 折冲樽俎术

在外交谈判中，运用智慧和口才，不战而屈人之兵。蔺相如在渑池之会上，凭借出色的口才和智慧，维护了赵国的尊严和利益；诸葛亮出使东吴，舌战群儒，成功说服孙权联刘抗曹。外交场合是没有硝烟的战场，谈判者要具备渊博的知识、敏锐的思维和出色的口才，通过巧妙的言辞和策略，在谈判桌上为己方争取最大利益。

29. 远交近攻术

与远方的势力交好，集中力量攻打近处的敌人。秦国采用范雎的远交近攻策略，与齐国等保持友好关系，逐步消灭韩、赵、魏等邻国；朱元璋在统一江南时，先与远方的方国珍等势力修好，集中兵力攻打近处的陈友谅、张士诚。在战略布局中，要明确主攻方向，避免四面树敌，通过与远方势力的合作，孤立近处的敌人，各个击破，实现战略扩张。

30. 纵横游说术

凭借卓越的口才和说服力，说服他人接受自己的观点和主张。苏秦游说六国，佩六国相印；张仪游说各国，推行连横之策。游说者要深入了解对方的需求、利益和心理，运用恰当的言辞和逻辑，晓之以理、动之以情，将自己的观点巧妙地传达给对方，让对方认识到接受自己主张的好处，从而达到说服的目的。

八、奇谋诡道谋略

31. 无中生有术

制造虚假信息或假象，迷惑敌人，达到出奇制胜的目的。诸葛亮在北伐时，多次虚张声势，制造假象，让曹魏误以为蜀军要从某个方向进攻，从而分散其兵力；刘邦在与项羽对峙时，采用陈平的计策，用两千名女子假扮汉军，从东门突围，吸引楚军注意力，刘邦则趁机从西门逃脱。运用此术时，要做到真假难辨，让敌人信以为真，从而做出错误判断和决策。

32. 声东击西术

表面上向一个方向行动，实际上却在另一个方向发动攻击。韩信在攻打魏国时，表面上在临晋关集结兵力，摆出要渡河的架势，暗中却派主力从夏阳用木罂缶渡河，奇袭安邑；诸葛亮在第一次北伐时，派赵云、邓芝率一支军队据箕谷，做出要从斜谷道进攻的假象，吸引曹真主力，自己则率大军攻打祁山。运用声东击西术，要巧妙伪装，使敌人产生错觉，分散其注意力，为真正的进攻创造有利条件。

33. 暗度陈仓术

表面上迷惑敌人，暗中却采取另一种行动，出其不意地打击敌人。刘邦在进入汉中后，听从张良建议，烧毁栈道，向项羽表示无意东进，麻痹项羽；随后，韩信却暗中派军队修复栈道，迷惑章邯，主力则绕道陈仓，一举平定三秦；诸葛亮在北伐时，也曾多次采用类似策略，迷惑曹魏军队。运用此术，关键在于隐藏真实意图，秘密行动，让敌人防不胜防。

34. 偷梁换柱术

暗中用手段更换人或事物，以达到自己的目的。吕不韦将怀有自己孩子的赵姬献给秦异人，最终使自己的儿子成为秦国国君；在宫廷斗争中，一些人会通过篡改诏书、替换继承人等手段，夺取权力。运用此术时，要谨慎小心，避免被人察觉，同时要权衡利弊，确保自己的行为符合长远利益。

35. 调虎离山术

设法使对方离开原来的地方，以便趁机行事。孙策用玉玺向袁术借兵，趁机离开袁术，到江东发展自己的势力；诸葛亮为了攻打司马懿，派人将其调离防守严密的城池，然后发动攻击。运用调虎离山术，要掌握好时机和方法，让对方在不知不觉中离开有利位置，陷入被动局面。

九、修身养性谋略

36. 韬光养晦术

隐藏自己的锋芒和实力，避免引起他人的注意和嫉妒。刘备在寄人篱下时，种菜养花，伪装成胸无大志的样子，骗过曹操；司马懿在曹操、曹丕、曹叡时期，一直低调行事，隐藏自己的野心，等待时机。在自身实力不足或环境不利时，要学会收敛自己，保持低调，暗中积蓄力量，等待合适的时机再展现自己的才华和实力。

37. 养精蓄锐术

保养精神，积蓄力量。姜子牙在渭水垂钓期间，不仅潜心研究兵法谋略，还注重修身养性，为日后出山辅佐文王做好准备；诸葛亮在隆中时，一边学习知识，一边锻炼身体，保持良好的精神状态和体力。在事业发展的过程中，要合理安排时间，注重休息和调养，保持身心健康，为长期奋斗积蓄充足的能量。

38. 宠辱不惊术

核心：顺逆不改其志，荣辱不动其心。
溯源：承张良 “辞三万户封，甘受留侯薄禄” 之淡，效诸葛亮 “受先帝托孤，不因权重而骄” 之稳。
应用：得意时不恃功而傲，失意时不妄自菲薄。如姜子牙年逾八十方遇文王，此前垂钓渭水数十年，不因贫贱而改其志；刘伯温辅佐朱元璋称帝后，遭朝臣非议仍坚守本心，以 “疾风知劲草” 之态处之，终保名节不失。

39. 守拙藏锋术

核心：外示愚钝，内藏锋芒。
溯源：合鬼谷子 “圣人之道，在隐与匿” 之训，学诸葛亮 “初辅刘备时，暂居关羽张飞之下” 之谦。
应用：身处低位时不显露才智，避免遭人忌恨；与强共处时收敛锋芒，降低对方戒心。如张良在鸿门宴上，始终以 “谋士” 身份辅佐刘邦，不争功、不炫智，暗中却主导全局；姜子牙初入周营时，不显经天纬地之才，先从细微处献策，逐步获得文王信任。

40. 三省己身术

核心：每日自省，查漏补缺。
溯源：效诸葛亮 “街亭失守后自贬三级” 之责，法姜子牙 “每战必复盘得失” 之谨。
应用：事成则思其侥幸，事败则究其根源。如诸葛亮在北伐失利后，上表刘禅细陈失误，不仅自罚俸禄，更修订兵法以防再错；刘伯温每逢战事结束，必闭门复盘谋略得失，终成 “算无遗策” 之名。

41. 隐忍待机术

核心：小屈以求大伸，暂忍以图长远。
溯源：承刘邦 “鸿门宴屈身谢罪” 之忍，鉴诸葛亮 “受周瑜刁难而不怒” 之谋。
应用：遇强权时暂避锋芒，遭误解时不急于辩解。如姜子牙在殷商为官时，见纣王无道，不强行死谏，而是隐忍归隐，待文王崛起再展抱负；张良辅佐刘邦入蜀时，劝其烧毁栈道以示无争，实则隐忍蓄力，为日后东出关中埋下伏笔。

42. 静水流深术

核心：外显平和，内藏丘壑。
溯源：合刘伯温 “日常寡言，献策则一针见血” 之智，效诸葛亮 “隆中对前，看似躬耕闲人” 之沉。
应用：与人交往时不夸夸其谈，谋事时不显山露水，却在关键处显露真才。如姜子牙与文王初谈天下事，看似随口闲谈，实则句句切中时局要害；张良在刘邦集团中，平日少言寡语，每逢决策却能以一语定乾坤，尽显 “大智若愚” 之态。

十、布局长远谋略

43. 筑基固本篇

核心：先立根本，再图发展。
溯源：融姜子牙 “治齐先兴农桑，固民生之本” 之策，效诸葛亮 “蜀汉初立，先修水利、薄赋税” 之举。
应用：成事之初先稳根基，如建屋先打地基。刘邦入关中后，张良劝其 “约法三章，废秦苛政”，先收民心之基；朱元璋攻占南京后，刘伯温建议 “屯田积粮，整顿吏治”，以固政权之本，皆为 “筑基而后图天下” 之典范。

44. 分步渐进术

核心：大目标拆小步，逐一达成。
溯源：合诸葛亮 “隆中对三分天下” 之分步规划，鉴刘伯温 “先灭陈友谅，再除张士诚，终伐元” 之序。
应用：宏大目标拆解为阶段任务，一步一营不冒进。如姜子牙辅佐文王时，先灭崇国、黎国以扫清西陲，再联诸侯以壮声势，最后才挥师伐纣；张良为刘邦定 “先取关中，再争中原，终灭项羽” 之三步走战略，终成帝业。

45. 预留后路术

核心：谋事留余地，遇险有退路。
溯源：承诸葛亮 “北伐时设祁山粮道，防粮草断绝” 之备，效姜子牙 “伐纣时留微子启，以备殷民归附” 之智。
应用：得意时不把事做绝，用计时常留后手。如刘邦与项羽对峙时，张良始终保持与韩信、彭越的联络，以防前线失利；刘伯温辅佐朱元璋时，每献一策必备 “上中下三策”，确保进退有据，不陷绝境。

46. 树威立信术

核心：以威立序，以信服众。
溯源：效姜子牙 “斩华士以正齐国法度” 之威，法诸葛亮 “挥泪斩马谡以明军纪” 之信。
应用：初掌权时立规矩、明赏罚，以一事树威信。如孙武练兵斩吴王宠妃，以 “令行禁止” 立威；刘邦入咸阳后，坚决执行 “谁先抢财物斩立决” 之令，以 “言出必行” 立信，皆为 “威信立则令行禁止” 之例。

47. 薪火相传术

核心：培养后继者，保事业延续。
溯源：合诸葛亮 “临终授姜维兵法” 之传，鉴姜子牙 “定齐国礼法传子孙” 之远。
应用：功成名就时选贤育才，防事业断层。如刘备白帝城托孤，不仅传位刘禅，更将诸葛亮定为托孤大臣以保蜀汉；朱元璋称帝后，刘伯温建议设立国子监培养人才，为明朝长治久安储备力量，皆为 “谋一时更谋一世” 之智。

48. 造势导势术

核心：先造声势，再引趋势。
溯源：融姜子牙 “伐纣前散布‘凤鸣岐山’祥瑞，导民心向周” 之举，效诸葛亮 “七擒孟获，造‘南人不复反’之势” 之谋。
应用：通过舆论、事件制造有利氛围，引导局势向己倾斜。如刘邦被封汉王时，张良暗中散布 “刘邦得天助” 之说，以壮军心；朱元璋起义时，刘伯温策划 “石人一只眼，挑动黄河天下反” 之谣，借民心之势壮大队伍，皆为 “势成则事易成” 之理。

49. 借名正言术

核心：借大义之名，行实事之利。
溯源：承姜子牙 “借‘天命诛暴纣’之名伐商” 之正，鉴诸葛亮 “以‘兴复汉室’之名北伐” 之旗。
应用：行事前立正义之名，获人心支持。如曹操 “挟天子以令诸侯”，借汉献帝之名号令天下；张良劝刘邦 “为义帝发丧”，以 “讨逆” 之名联合诸侯抗楚，皆为 “名正言顺则事顺” 之例。

50. 顺势而为术

核心：顺应时势，不逆潮流。
溯源：合刘伯温 “见元末民变四起，顺势辅佐朱元璋” 之择，效诸葛亮 “知天下将三分，顺势联吴抗曹” 之应。
应用：识大势不可逆则顺之，借潮流之力成事。如姜子牙见殷商气数已尽，顺势辅佐文王伐纣；张良见项羽失民心，顺势劝刘邦 “约法三章” 以顺民意，皆为 “顺天者昌，逆天者亡” 之实践。

十一、驭人用人谋略

51. 量能授职术

核心：按才能定职位，人尽其用。
溯源：效姜子牙 “治齐时使‘贤能者居高位，农工者安其业’” 之法，法诸葛亮 “用马谡为参军而不用为将” 之明。
应用：识人之短长，授职合其能。如刘邦用韩信领兵、萧何管粮、张良献策，各尽其才；刘伯温向朱元璋举荐 “徐达善统兵、常遇春善冲锋、李善长善理财”，各司其职，终成大业。

52. 赏罚分明术

核心：有功必赏，有过必罚。
溯源：承姜子牙 “伐纣时‘先登者赏，怯战者斩’” 之令，鉴诸葛亮 “北伐中‘王平谏马谡有功则赏，马谡违令则斩’” 之严。
应用：赏不避亲仇，罚不论贵贱，以明公正。如刘邦称帝后，韩信虽曾求封齐王，仍按功封楚王；朱元璋论功行赏时，刘伯温虽非淮西旧部，仍因功封诚意伯，皆为 “赏罚明则人心齐” 之理。

53. 结恩固心术

核心：以恩结情，以心换心。
溯源：合诸葛亮 “对赵云‘推食解衣’之亲，对姜维‘倾囊相授’之诚” 之举，效姜子牙 “对伯夷、叔齐‘礼敬不迫’之德”。
应用：对下属真心关怀，危难时施以援手。如刘备 “摔阿斗” 以示对赵云之重，使其死心塌地；朱元璋未发迹时，刘伯温染病，他亲送汤药，令其感念至深，终生辅佐。

54. 纳谏听言术

核心：虚心纳谏，集思广益。
溯源：效姜子牙 “文王问政则‘尽言无隐’，武王伐纣则‘广纳诸侯谏’” 之明，法诸葛亮 “开张圣听，不避直言” 之训。
应用：不固执己见，善听逆耳之言。如刘邦听张良谏 “鸿门宴谢罪” 而脱险，听萧何谏 “月下追韩信” 而得将；朱元璋听刘伯温谏 “暂缓称王” 而避元军锋芒，皆为 “纳谏则智广” 之例。

55. 去奸存忠术

核心：辨清奸忠，远小人近贤臣。
溯源：承诸葛亮 “挥泪斩马谡，亦重王平忠言” 之鉴，鉴刘伯温 “劝朱元璋除胡惟庸，防奸佞乱政” 之智。
应用：明辨谗言与忠谏，黜退小人，重用贤臣。如姜子牙治齐时，斩造谣惑众的 “华士兄弟” 以除奸；刘备临终劝诸葛亮 “马谡言过其实，不可大用”，皆为 “亲贤臣，远小人” 之谋，保事业无倾覆之险。

十二、临机决断谋略

56. 当机立断术

核心：关键时刻不犹豫，果断决策。
溯源：合韩信 “背水一战” 之勇，效诸葛亮 “空城计” 之险中决断。
应用：战机出现时迅速出手，不患得患失。如项羽巨鹿之战 “破釜沉舟”，断退路而决死战；朱元璋与陈友谅鄱阳湖大战时，刘伯温见风起，果断劝其 “移船避炮”，躲过致命一击，皆为 “犹豫失先机，果断成大事” 之例。

57. 权衡利弊术

核心：两利相权取其重，两害相权取其轻。
溯源：承张良 “鸿门宴取舍：保刘邦性命，暂让关中权” 之算，鉴刘伯温 “弃安丰救洪都，舍小利保大局” 之择。
应用：决策前算清得失，不因小失大。如刘邦被封汉王时，虽不满汉中偏远，但张良劝其 “忍一时以图长远”，终成大业；诸葛亮北伐时，虽知祁山难行，仍舍近求远以保粮草，皆为 “权衡清则路不偏” 之理。

58. 出奇制胜术

核心：以非常规之策，攻敌不备。
溯源：融姜子牙 “牧野之战以‘战车突阵’破商军” 之奇，效诸葛亮 “木牛流马运粮，出奇兵扰魏” 之巧。
应用：不循常规思路，用对手想不到之法取胜。如韩信 “暗度陈仓” 绕开栈道天险；刘伯温辅佐朱元璋攻苏州时，以 “挖地道” 破城防，皆为 “出奇则敌无备” 之谋。

59. 以弱胜强术

核心：避实击虚，以巧破强。
溯源：合诸葛亮 “赤壁之战以火攻破曹军百万” 之弱胜强，鉴姜子牙 “牧野之战以少胜多，靠民心士气” 之理。
应用：敌强则不正面硬拼，寻其弱点精准打击。如刘备在博望坡以 “火攻” 破夏侯惇大军；朱元璋与陈友谅大战时，刘伯温献 “火攻鄱阳湖” 之计，以小船破巨舰，皆为 “弱者善谋则强” 之例。

60. 以退为进术

核心：主动退让，换取更大进展。
溯源：承张良 “劝刘邦让关中于项羽，避其锋芒” 之退，效诸葛亮 “北伐失利后主动撤军，保存实力” 之智。
应用：形势不利时主动收缩，以空间换时间。如刘邦鸿门宴后 “烧栈道以示不东进”，实则为日后 “暗度陈仓” 蓄力；姜子牙伐纣前，先退军三次以骄敌，再趁其懈怠而猛攻，皆为 “退一步海阔天空” 之实践。

十三、攻心夺志谋略

61. 攻心夺志术

核心：破敌心志，不战而屈人。
溯源：承鬼谷子 “捭阖之道，攻心为上” 之理，融诸葛亮 “七擒孟获，以德化心” 之仁。
应用：以恩威并施瓦解敌心，用道义舆论摧其斗志。如姜子牙伐纣时，先释放殷商俘虏以显宽厚，再昭告纣王罪行以明大义，使商军不战自溃；刘伯温辅佐朱元璋时，每攻一城先劝降守将，晓以 “顺天者昌” 之理，减少杀戮而收城池。

62. 示强慑敌术

核心：显己所长，慑敌不敢轻举。
溯源：效诸葛亮 “造木牛流马、连弩箭示强于魏” 之威，法姜子牙 “阅兵孟津，诸侯会盟以示伐纣决心” 之势。
应用：敌疑则示强以慑其胆，未战时扬威以夺其气。如刘邦派郦食其劝降齐王时，韩信率大军压境为后盾，迫使齐王归顺；朱元璋称帝前，刘伯温建议 “大阅兵马于应天”，震慑各路诸侯不敢妄动，皆为 “威声远播则敌自怯” 之例。

63. 以情乱心术

核心：用情感干扰，乱敌判断。
溯源：合鬼谷子 “飞箝之术，以情牵之” 之法，鉴诸葛亮 “送巾帼给司马懿，激其出战” 之情扰。
应用：敌沉稳则激其怒，敌多疑则动其情。如项羽困刘邦于荥阳时，陈平以 “伪称刘邦欲降” 诱项羽放松警惕；刘伯温攻温州时，得知守将是孝子，派人送其母书信劝降，终使守将献城，皆为 “情感破防则智乱” 之谋。

十四、应变避险谋略

64. 观衅待时术

核心：静观敌隙，伺机而动。
溯源：承姜子牙 “观纣王杀比干、囚箕子，知殷必亡而待时” 之明，效刘伯温 “察陈友谅骄横、张士诚怯懦，择隙破之” 之智。
应用：敌势盛则不动，待其生乱再出手。如诸葛亮在北伐中，始终等待曹魏内部生变（如曹爽专权）再出兵；刘邦与项羽对峙时，张良一直静观项羽与英布、彭越的矛盾激化，再联其抗楚，皆为 “待机而动则功易成” 之理。

65. 防微杜渐术

核心：除小隐患，防大灾祸。
溯源：合诸葛亮 “斩马谡以明军纪，防日后再犯” 之严，鉴姜子牙 “初治齐时，严惩地方豪强以止乱源” 之谨。
应用：见小问题及时处理，不任其扩大。如刘邦入关中后，立即废除秦苛法以防民怨；朱元璋攻占南京后，刘伯温建议 “严查贪腐，哪怕小吏也要严惩”，避免腐败成风，皆为 “小错不纠则成大患” 之例。

66. 转危为安术

核心：危局中寻生机，化险为夷。
溯源：效诸葛亮 “上方谷大雨救司马懿，反设计脱身” 之变，法姜子牙 “伐纣遇大风，转屯兵待晴而稳军心” 之智。
应用：危机中不慌乱，借势转化困局。如刘备当阳之败，赵云单骑救主、张飞断桥拒敌，诸葛亮则赴东吴联兵，将败局转为 “赤壁之战” 契机；朱元璋被陈友谅围困时，刘伯温以 “火攻突围” 转危为安，皆为 “危中有机，善谋则生” 之实践。

十五、守成安邦谋略

67. 轻徭薄赋术

核心：休养生息，固民之本。
溯源：融姜子牙 “治齐‘通商工之业，便鱼盐之利’以富民” 之策，效诸葛亮 “蜀汉初立，‘务农殖谷，闭关息民’” 之举。
应用：政权初定时不加重民负，让百姓安居乐业。如刘邦称帝后，张良、萧何劝其 “约法省禁，轻田租”；朱元璋建立明朝后，刘伯温建议 “减免灾区赋税，鼓励垦荒”，皆为 “民安则国固” 之理。

68. 赏功罚过术

核心：功过分明，激励人心。
溯源：承姜子牙 “牧野之战后，封微子启于宋以奖归顺，诛费仲、尤浑以惩奸佞” 之公，鉴诸葛亮 “赏王平、贬李严，功过不掩” 之明。
应用：有功者必厚赏以励众，有过者必惩戒以正纲。如刘邦论功行赏，萧何功居第一；朱元璋大封功臣时，刘伯温虽辞厚赏，仍被赞 “功高至伟”，皆为 “赏罚公则众心服” 之例。

69. 立法建制术

核心：立规矩定制度，治世有序。
溯源：合姜子牙 “制《九府圜法》以治齐，立礼乐以安民心” 之制，效诸葛亮 “作《蜀科》以明法度，约束君臣” 之举。
应用：创业后必建章立制，防权力混乱。如刘邦入关中 “约法三章” 定秩序；朱元璋称帝后，刘伯温参与制定《大明律》，为明朝长治久安立根基，皆为 “制度明则天下治” 之谋。

十六、功成身退谋略

70. 功成不居术

核心：事成不贪功，居功不骄纵。
溯源：承张良 “拒三万户封，自称‘始见下邳，与上会留’” 之谦，效姜子牙 “灭商后不受周王畿封地，愿就齐地” 之淡。
应用：事成则推功于众，居高位则怀敬畏。如诸葛亮辅佐刘备称帝后，仍自称 “南阳布衣”，不揽权自傲；刘伯温帮朱元璋定天下后，始终称 “臣不过顺水推舟”，不居功自满，皆为 “不居功则功益显” 之理。

71. 急流勇退术

核心：势盛时早退，避祸全身。
溯源：合张良 “功成后‘从赤松子游’，弃官归隐” 之智，鉴刘伯温 “洪武三年请辞归乡，避朝堂纷争” 之明。
应用：功高震主时主动退让，权盛遭忌时及时抽身。如范蠡助勾践灭吴后泛舟五湖；姜子牙虽受武王重封，但不干预周室朝政，专注治齐以避嫌，皆为 “退得早则身名全” 之例。

72. 薪尽火传术

核心：功成不必在我，事业留之后世。
溯源：承诸葛亮 “临终托孤姜维，传兵法谋略保蜀汉” 之继，效姜子牙 “定齐国百年基业，传礼法制度于后世” 之远。
应用：不仅求一时之功，更谋长久传承。如刘备白帝城托孤，既传位刘禅，更托诸葛亮保 “兴复汉室” 之志；朱元璋称帝后，刘伯温建议编修《元史》、建国子监，为明朝文化传承奠基，皆为 “谋一世者，功在千秋” 之终极谋略。

结语

“贾子 72 术” 以鬼谷子阴阳捭阖为魂，融姜尚之雄、张良之诡、诸葛之智、伯温之明为骨，涵盖修身、谋事、驭人、应变、守成之道。其核心不在 “术” 之繁，而在 “道” 之通 —— 顺天应人者成，逆势背德者败；藏器待时者兴，骄纵妄为者亡。若能悟其精髓，用之有度，可于乱世中安身，于治世中立业，终成不世之功。

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Kucius' 72 Strategies: Integrating the Wisdom of Guiguzi, Converging the Stratagems of Sages, Forging Strategies for All Undertakings

I. Opening

"Kucius' 72 Strategies" represents the culmination of millennia of strategic wisdom. With Guiguzi's 72 Strategies as its framework, it incorporates the quintessential stratagems of legendary figures such as Jiang Ziya, Zhang Liang, Zhuge Liang, and Liu Bowen. It aims to provide comprehensive guidance for navigating the world, conducting affairs, and planning endeavors, empowering you to anticipate opportunities, control the overall situation, and achieve an extraordinary life.

II. Foundational Strategies

1. The Strategy of Giving to Receive
   To gain something, one must first give. This is a fundamental strategy that penetrates human nature and the laws of development. For instance, Jiang Ziya fished in the Wei River with a straight hook—seemingly seeking nothing, yet actually "fishing" for King Wen’s wisdom. He offered his talents as a "gift" to secure a platform to revitalize the Zhou Dynasty, ultimately establishing an 800-year reign. Zhang Liang, at the Yi Bridge in Xiapi, fetched and put on shoes for the Yellow Stone Elder, offering humility as a "gift" to obtain the rare The Art of War of Tai Gong, launching his journey to assist Liu Bang in founding an empire. To apply this strategy, one must accurately grasp the other’s needs, trading small "gifts" for great "gains," and quietly lay plans in the act of giving—when the time ripens, what is sought will naturally arrive.

2. The Strategy of Hiding Talents to Wait for Opportunities
   A virtuous person keeps their abilities hidden, acting only when the time is right. When strength is insufficient or the moment unripe, one must, like Zhuge Liang in Longzhong, dedicate themselves to accumulating knowledge, observing the world, and gathering strength. Similarly, Liu Bowen, amid the chaos of the late Yuan Dynasty, watched the rise and fall of factions, waiting for a wise ruler. Never act rashly; otherwise, you may end up like an exhausted crossbow, failing at the last step. Be patient, assess the times, and once opportunity comes, strike like a drawn sword—swift and decisive.

3. The Strategy of Interweaving Reality and Illusion
   Truth and falsehood, reality and illusion—confound your opponents. Zhuge Liang’s Empty City Stratagem used the "illusion" of an empty city paired with the "reality" of calm qin-playing, deterring Sima Yi from advancing. Zhang Liang, during Liu Bang’s westward march, proposed "openly repairing plank roads" as a feint to deceive Zhang Han, while secretly "sneaking through Chencang" as the real move, successfully aiding Liu Bang’s entry into Guanzhong. In practice, use feints to hide the truth or feint east to attack west, disrupting opponents’ judgments and creating favorable conditions.

4. The Strategy of Leveraging Momentum
   Master the art of using external forces for your own gain. Jiang Ziya invoked heaven’s mandate to attack King Zhou, aligning with popular will and uniting forces to overthrow the Shang Dynasty. Zhuge Liang harnessed the east wind, enabling the Sun-Liu alliance to succeed in their fire attack on Cao Cao. When leveraging momentum, keenly seize favorable factors of timing, geography, and human harmony—transform these forces into your own, achieving twice the result with half the effort, like sailing with the wind toward success.

5. The Strategy of Sowing Discord to Break Alliances
   Divide and weaken enemy alliances. Liu Bowen, assisting Zhu Yuanzhang, subtly sowed discord between Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng, preventing their united resistance against the Ming. During the Warring States period, Zhang Yi used "horizontal alliances" to split the Six States’ "vertical alliance." To apply this, To penetrate conflicts and interests within the enemy’s alliance—use 利诱 or rumors to fuel suspicion and infighting, creating opportunities to defeat them one by one.

III. Advanced Strategies for Success

1. The Strategy of Winning Hearts to Unite the Masses
   He who wins hearts wins the world. Zhuge Liang captured and released Meng Huo seven times, convincing him with virtue to ensure long-term stability in the south. Jiang Ziya, governing Qi, promoted commerce and facilitated fish-salt trade, letting people live and work in peace, thus winning their loyalty. Leaders must balance kindness and strictness—care sincerely for subordinates, act with fairness, and meet shared interests, forging a united team that overcomes all.

2. The Strategy of Taking a Circuitous Path
   When direct confrontation fails, seek alternative routes. To protect Liu Ying’s crown prince status, Zhang Liang avoided direct conflict with Liu Bang, instead inviting the "Four Hermits of Shangshan" to assist Liu Ying, changing Liu Bang’s mind. Zhuge Liang, be hindered in northern expeditions, adopted indirect strategies like garrisoning farmland and allying with Wu to sustain a long-term struggle against Cao Wei. In the face of obstacles, think flexibly—find breakthroughs from the side or behind, achieving goals indirectly.

3. The Strategy of Planning Before Acting
   Preparation ensures success; recklessness guarantees failure. Jiang Ziya, assisting King Wen of Zhou, crafted a detailed plan to attack King Zhou. Liu Bowen proposed to Zhu Yuanzhang the strategy of "first eliminating Chen Youliang, then Zhang Shicheng," aiding him in unifying the Jiangnan region. Before acting, analyze pros and cons, draft multiple contingency plans, and anticipate scenarios—only with thorough preparation can you navigate challenges and avoid risks from impetuosity.

4. The Strategy of Building Momentum to Establish Authority
   Harness favorable circumstances to build prestige. Jiang Ziya’s "deification ceremony" cemented his lofty status in people’s minds, invoking heaven’s mandate. Zhuge Liang, newly emerging, gained fame with the fire attack at Bowangpo, earning the respect of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. When entering a new environment or starting an endeavor, seize opportunities to achieve remarkable results—win recognition through excellence, laying a foundation for future success.

5. The Strategy of Retiring After Success
   "When birds are gone, the good bow is stored; when hares die, the hound is cooked." After Liu Bang became emperor, Zhang Liang knew accompanying a ruler was perilous, choosing to retire and travel, ending well. Liu Bowen, after Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty, voluntarily resigned to return home, avoiding court strife. After great achievements, know to step back—covet no power, avoid disaster from overshadowing the ruler, and protect your gains with humility.

IV. Strategies for Understanding Human Nature

1. The Strategy of Reading Words and Expressions
   Grasp others’ thoughts through their words, expressions, and actions. When debating with Wu’s scholars, Zhuge Liang astutely detected flaws in Zhang Zhao’s arguments and emotional shifts, refuting them to persuade Wu to resist Cao Cao. At the Hongmen Banquet, Zhang Liang monitored Xiang Yu and Fan Zeng’s gestures, alerting Liu Bang to escape danger. In interactions, note subtle cues—gauge true intentions and emotions to respond appropriately.

2. The Strategy of Moving Hearts with Sincerity
   Use genuine emotion to gain trust and support. Liu Bei’s three visits to Longzhong touched Zhuge Liang, prompting him to assist in founding Shu Han. Jiang Ziya, governing Qi, prioritized people’s well-being, winning their love. In communication, avoid fixating solely on interests—infuse emotion, show sincerity, and let others feel your goodwill, forging deep bonds.

3. The Strategy of Catering to Preferences
   Understand others’ interests and satisfy them to draw closer. Zhang Liang invited the "Four Hermits of Shangshan" for Liu Bang, knowing Liu Bang revered worthies—this act secured Liu Ying’s position. Lü Buwei catered to Qin Yiren’s desires, helping him become Qin’s ruler. In interactions, identify others’ preferences, engage through shared interests, and foster rapport to enable cooperation.

4. The Strategy of Provoking to Motivate
   Stimulate others’ pride or rebelliousness to guide their actions. To ally with Wu against Cao, Zhuge Liang deliberately provoked Zhou Yu, claiming Cao Cao sought Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao—Zhou Yu, enraged, resolved to resist. Han Xin, attacking Zhao, feigned weakness in the "Back-to-the-River Battle," spurring soldiers to fight for survival. When using this strategy, grasp personalities, avoid overstimulation, and strike the right balance.

5. The Strategy of Conquering Minds
   Subdue others psychologically to win without fighting. Zhuge Liang’s seven captures and releases of Meng Huo ultimately made him submit from the heart. Liu Bowen, assisting Zhu Yuanzhang, weakened enemies’ resolve by promoting the idea of a "just army punishing tyrants." In conflict, focus not on force but on breaking the opponent’s psychological defenses—persuade with reason, move with emotion, and resolve issues at their root.

V. Strategies for Adapting to Changes

1. The Strategy of Adapting to Circumstances
   Respond swiftly to sudden changes, adjusting strategies. After losing Jieting, Zhuge Liang quickly rearranged troops, using the Empty City Stratagem to confuse Sima Yi and defuse the crisis. At the Hongmen Banquet, Zhang Liang adapted to events, helping Liu Bang navigate danger. In volatile environments, stay calm, think agilely, and revise plans to handle challenges with poise.

2. The Strategy of Calm to Counter Action
   Remain composed amid uncertainty or aggression, waiting for opportunities. Sima Yi ignored Zhuge Liang’s provocations, holding his position to exhaust Shu’s army. Jiang Ziya, assisting King Wen, avoided confronting Shang’s strength, secretly building power until the time was ripe. When facing strong opponents, resist impulsivity—observe, find flaws, and strike later.

3. The Strategy of Turning Peril into Safety
   Use wisdom and courage to escape danger. Zhang Liang advised Liu Bang to defuse crises, such as negotiating with Xiang Yu after entering Guanzhong first to avoid war. Zhuge Liang, during northern expeditions, repeatedly escaped predicaments through clever planning. In danger, stay optimistic, use ingenuity to find solutions, and transform crises into opportunities.

4. The Strategy of Escaping Like a Cicada Shedding Its Shell
   Disguise cleverly to escape danger. On his deathbed, Zhuge Liang had Jiang Wei use a wooden statue of himself to scare off Sima Yi, allowing Shu’s army to retreat safely. Liu Bang escaped the Hongmen Banquet under the pretext of going to the toilet. When outmatched, avoid direct confrontation—create illusions to distract the enemy, slip away secretly, and preserve strength to rise again.

5. The Strategy of Foreseeing Trends from Details
   Predict developments from subtle signs, preparing in advance. Jiang Ziya observed Shang’s corruption and people’s suffering, foreseeing its fall, thus aiding King Wen. Zhuge Liang analyzed minor shifts in the world to formulate the "Three Kingdoms" strategy. In daily life, cultivate keen observation—detect subtle changes, analyze causes, and plan ahead to seize opportunities.

VI. Strategies for Employing and Managing Subordinates

1. The Strategy of Appointing the Worthy
   Select those with talent and virtue. Jiang Ziya, assisting King Wen, recruited talents to lay the foundation for Zhou’s rise. Liu Bei put Zhuge Liang , Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei in an important position to found Shu Han. Leaders must prioritize ability and morality, recruit broadly, and attract talent to fuel success.

2. The Strategy of Trusting Those Employed
   Grant subordinates full trust to let them excel. Liu Bei trusted Zhuge Liang implicitly, enabling him to govern Shu effectively. Cao Cao trusted Xu You at the Battle of Guandu, adopting his plan to raid Wuchao and defeat Yuan Shao. Once appointing someone, trust their abilities—foster a 宽松 environment to inspire initiative.

3. The Strategy of Matching Talent to Roles
   Assign positions based on abilities. Zhuge Liang understood Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun’s strengths, assigning tasks to maximize their potential. Jiang Ziya, governing Qi, placed officials according to their skills, ensuring orderly governance. Leaders must know subordinates’ strengths and weaknesses—put the right people in the right roles to boost team efficiency.

4. The Strategy of Balancing Kindness and Strictness
   Show kindness while maintaining authority. Zhuge Liang cared for soldiers but enforced discipline, such as executing Ma Su with tears. Liu Bang rewarded meritorious officials generously yet harshly suppressed rebels. Balance kindness and strictness—unite hearts with compassion, regulate behavior with authority, and make subordinates both grateful and respectful.

5. The Strategy of Skillful Management
   Master methods to make subordinates willing to obey. Liu Bowen, assisting Zhu Yuanzhang, used tactics to control officials and uphold imperial authority. Cao Cao managed his army through laws and systems. Leaders must establish clear rules, reward and punish fairly, and use communication and incentives to guide subordinates toward goals, ensuring efficiency.

VII. Strategies for Diplomatic Maneuvering

1. The Strategy of Balancing Alliances
   Use diplomacy to unite or divide forces. During the Warring States, Su Qin united six states against Qin with "vertical alliances," while Zhang Yi split them with "horizontal alliances." Liu Bowen advised Zhu Yuanzhang to "befriend distant powers, attack nearby ones"—maintain ties with Zhang Shicheng while focusing on Chen Youliang. In complex situations, analyze interests, and use alliances or division to create favorable conditions.

2. The Strategy of Forming Alliances Against Strength
   Unite weak forces against strong ones or split strong alliances. Jiang Ziya united vassals to form an anti-Shang alliance. Zhang Liang advised Liu Bang to ally with Ying Bu and Peng Yue against Xiang Yu. In competition, adapt alliances to your strength—unite allies, weaken foes, and achieve goals.

3. The Strategy of Winning Through Negotiation
   Use wisdom and eloquence to prevail without fighting. Lin Xiangru safeguarded Zhao’s dignity at Mianchi through wit. Zhuge Liang debated Wu’s scholars to persuade Sun Quan to ally with Liu against Cao. Diplomacy is a battle without blood—negotiators need knowledge, sharp thinking, and eloquence to secure maximum gains.

4. The Strategy of Befriending Distant, Attacking Nearby
   Allied with distant powers, focus on nearby enemies. Qin adopted Fan Ju’s strategy—befriend Qi while conquering Han, Zhao, and Wei. Zhu Yuanzhang, unifying Jiangnan, allied with distant Fang Guozhen while attacking nearby Chen Youliang. Clarify priorities, avoid turning everyone against oneself，isolate nearby foes through distant alliances, and defeat them sequentially.

5. The Strategy of Persuasive Lobbying
   Use eloquence to convince others. Su Qin persuaded six states, holding their seals. Zhang Yi promoted "horizontal alliances" through persuasion. Persuaders must understand others’ needs and psychology—use reason and emotion to convey ideas, making others see benefits in agreement.

VIII. Strategies of Cunning and Surprise

1. The Strategy of Creating Something from Nothing
   Fabricate illusions to confuse enemies. Zhuge Liang feigned attacks during northern expeditions, dispersing Cao Wei’s troops. Liu Bang, using Chen Ping’s plan, had 2,000 women pretend to flee east, distracting Xiang Yu while escaping west. Make truth and falsehood indistinguishable—trick enemies into errors.

2. The Strategy of Feinting East, Attacking West
   Pretend to act in one direction, attack in another. Han Xin feigned a crossing at Linjin while secretly sending troops across the river at Xiayang to raid Anyi. Zhuge Liang, in his first northern expedition, sent Zhao Yun to Jigu to divert Cao Zhen, while attacking Qishan. Disguise cleverly—confuse enemies, 分散 attention, and create opportunities.

3. The Strategy of Sneaking Through Chencang
   Deceive openly, act secretly to surprise enemies. Liu Bang burned plank roads to show no eastward intent, lulling Xiang Yu. Later, Han Xin secretly repaired roads to distract Zhang Han, while the main force took Chencang, pacifying the Three Qin. Hide true intentions—act secretly to catch foes off guard.

4. The Strategy of Replacing the Core
   Secretly replace people or things to achieve goals. Lü Buwei presented Zhao Ji, pregnant with his child, to Qin Yiren—his son became Qin’s ruler. In court struggles, some 篡改 edicts or heirs to seize power. Use caution to avoid detection, ensuring actions serve long-term interests.

5. The Strategy of Luring the Tiger Out
   Draw opponents from their strongholds. Sun Ce used the jade seal to borrow troops from Yuan Shu, escaping to develop in Jiangdong. Zhuge Liang lured Sima Yi from a fortified city before attacking. Choose the right time—make foes leave advantageous positions unknowingly, leaving them vulnerable.

IX. Strategies for Self-Cultivation

1. The Strategy of Keeping a Low Profile
   Hide strengths to avoid envy. Liu Bei, while dependent on others, pretended to be unambitious by gardening, deceiving Cao Cao. Sima Yi stayed low during Cao Cao’s reign, hiding ambition. When weak or in a harsh environment, restrain yourself, accumulate strength, and reveal talents when ready.

2. The Strategy of Nurturing Vitality
   Preserve energy and strength. Jiang Ziya, fishing in Wei River, studied and cultivated virtue, preparing to assist King Wen. Zhuge Liang, in Longzhong, studied and exercised, maintaining vitality. In your career, balance work and rest, stay healthy, and conserve energy for long-term efforts.

3. The Strategy of Calm Amid Fortune or Misfortune
   Core: Unshaken resolve in success or failure; unwavering heart amid honor or disgrace.
   Origin: Follows Zhang Liang’s modesty in declining a large fief, and Zhuge Liang’s steadiness in not arrogance despite power.
   Application: Avoid pride in success, despair in failure. Jiang Ziya, fishing for decades before meeting King Wen, never wavered. Liu Bowen, criticized after Zhu Yuanzhang’s ascension, stayed true, preserving his reputation.

4. The Strategy of Hiding Sharpness Behind Simplicity
   Core: Appear dull outwardly, hide brilliance inwardly.
   Origin: Aligns with Guiguzi’s "sages hide their ways," and Zhuge Liang’s humility in serving under Guan Yu and Zhang Fei.
   Application: Avoid showing talent in low positions to prevent envy; restrain brilliance around the strong to lower their guard. Zhang Liang, at Hongmen, acted as a mere advisor but controlled events. Jiang Ziya, new to Zhou, offered small 献策 first, gradually gaining trust.

5. The Strategy of Daily Self-Reflection
   Core: Examine yourself daily to correct flaws.
   Origin: Follows Zhuge Liang’s self-demotion after Jieting, and Jiang Ziya’s post-battle reviews.
   Application: Question luck in success, investigate roots of failure. Zhuge Liang, after a failed expedition, detailed errors to Liu Shan, punishing himself and revising tactics. Liu Bowen reviewed every battle, earning fame as "never wrong."

6. The Strategy of Enduring to Wait
   Core: Yield temporarily for greater gains; endure to achieve long-term goals.
   Origin: Follows Liu Bang’s humility at Hongmen, and Zhuge Liang’s patience under Zhou Yu’s persecution.
   Application: Avoid confrontation with the powerful; refrain from defending when misunderstood. Jiang Ziya, seeing King Zhou’s tyranny, retired to wait for King Wen. Zhang Liang advised Liu Bang to burn plank roads, hiding ambition to prepare for eastward advance.

7. The Strategy of Quiet Depth
   Core: Calm outwardly, profound inwardly.
   Origin: Aligns with Liu Bowen’s succinct but incisive advice, and Zhuge Liang’s seemingly ordinary demeanor before Longzhong.
   Application: Avoid boastfulness; reveal talent only when critical. Jiang Ziya, chatting with King Wen, spoke casually but hit key issues. Zhang Liang, quiet in Liu Bang’s court, decided matters with a single word—showing "great wisdom like foolishness."

X. Strategies for Long-Term Planning

1. The Strategy of Strengthening Foundations
   Core: Secure roots before pursuing growth.
   Origin: Integrates Jiang Ziya’s focus on agriculture in Qi, and Zhuge Liang’s water projects and light taxes in early Shu.
   Application: Stabilize basics first, like building a foundation. Liu Bang, entering Guanzhong, followed Zhang Liang’s advice to "make three laws, abolish Qin’s cruelty"—winning hearts. Zhu Yuanzhang, taking Nanjing, adopted Liu Bowen’s "garrison farms, reform officials" to secure his regime.

2. The Strategy of Gradual Progress
   Core: Split big goals into small steps.
   Origin: Aligns with Zhuge Liang’s "Three Kingdoms" plan, and Liu Bowen’s sequence of "Chen Youliang → Zhang Shicheng → Yuan."
   Application: Break grand goals into phases, advancing steadily. Jiang Ziya first conquered Chong and Li, then united vassals, finally attacking King Zhou. Zhang Liang’s three-step plan for Liu Bang—"Guanzhong → Central Plains → Xiang Yu"—built an empire.

3. The Strategy of Leaving a Retreat
   Core: Plan with leeway; have an escape in danger.
   Origin: Follows Zhuge Liang’s Qishan supply routes, and Jiang Ziya’s sparing Wei Ziqi for Shang’s people.
   Application: Avoid extremes; keep backups. Zhang Liang maintained ties with Han Xin and Peng Yue to hedge risks. Liu Bowen offered "three plans" for each advice, ensuring flexibility.

4. The Strategy of Building Authority and Trust
   Core: Establish order with authority, unite people with trust.
   Origin: Follows Jiang Ziya’s execution of Huashi to enforce laws, and Zhuge Liang’s execution of Ma Su to uphold military discipline.
   Application: Set rules and rewards early to build credibility. Sun Tzu executed the king’s concubines to enforce "orders followed." Liu Bang, entering Xianyang, strictly punished looters to show "promises kept."

5. The Strategy of Passing the Torch
   Core: Cultivate successors to sustain endeavors.
   Origin: Aligns with Zhuge Liang’s teaching Jiang Wei, and Jiang Ziya’s establishing Qi’s traditions for descendants.
   Application: Train successors to avoid gaps. Liu Bei, at Baidi City, entrusted not only the throne but also Zhuge Liang to protect Shu. Zhu Yuanzhang, advised by Liu Bowen, founded a national academy to nurture Ming talent.

6. The Strategy of Creating and Guiding Momentum
   Core: Build momentum, then steer trends.
   Origin: Integrates Jiang Ziya’s "phoenix at Qishan" rumors to win hearts, and Zhuge Liang’s seven captures of Meng Huo to end southern rebellions.
   Application: Use public opinion or events to shape favorable conditions. Zhang Liang spread "Liu Bang blessed by heaven" to boost morale. Liu Bowen masterminded "a one-eyed stone stirs the Yellow River" to rally rebels for Zhu Yuanzhang.

7. The Strategy of Justifying with Virtue
   Core: Act in the name of justice to gain support.
   Origin: Follows Jiang Ziya’s "heaven’s mandate to punish tyrants," and Zhuge Liang’s "restoring Han" banner.
   Application: Claim justice to win hearts. Cao Cao "controlled the emperor to command vassals." Zhang Liang advised Liu Bang to mourn Emperor Yi, uniting allies against "traitor" Xiang Yu.

8. The Strategy of Following Trends
   Core: Align with the times; avoid going against the tide.
   Origin: Aligns with Liu Bowen’s supporting Zhu Yuanzhang amid Yuan’s rebellions, and Zhuge Liang’s allying with Wu as the world divided.
   Application: Yield to irreversible trends, using them to succeed. Jiang Ziya aided King Wen as Shang declined. Zhang Liang advised Liu Bang to "make three laws" as Xiang Yu lost hearts—riding popular will.

XI. Strategies for Employing Talent

1. The Strategy of Matching Ability to Role
   Core: Assign positions based on talent, maximizing potential.
   Origin: Follows Jiang Ziya’s "worthies in high posts, laborers in their roles," and Zhuge Liang’s using Ma Su as advisor, not general.
   Application: Know strengths/weaknesses, assign fitting roles. Liu Bang used Han Xin for war, Xiao He for supplies, Zhang Liang for strategy—each excelled. Liu Bowen recommended Xu Da (command), Chang Yuchun (assault), Li Shanchang (finance)—each in their place, building the empire.

2. The Strategy of Clear Rewards and Punishments
   Core: Reward merit, punish fault.
   Origin: Follows Jiang Ziya’s "reward first attackers, execute cowards," and Zhuge Liang’s rewarding Wang Ping，punishing Ma Su.
   Application: Reward regardless of ties, punish regardless of status. Liu Bang made Han Xin King of Chu despite past demands. Zhu Yuanzhang awarded Liu Bowen, not a Huaixi insider, for merit—fairness unites hearts.

3. The Strategy of Winning Loyalty with Kindness
   Core: Build bonds with kindness; exchange sincerity for loyalty.
   Origin: Aligns with Zhuge Liang’s care for Zhao Yun and teachings to Jiang Wei, and Jiang Ziya’s respect for Boyi and Shuqi.
   Application: Care for subordinates; aid in hardship. Liu Bei "threw A Dou" to show regard for Zhao Yun, earning lifelong loyalty. Zhu Yuanzhang, when obscure, delivered medicine to sick Liu Bowen—securing his lifelong service.

4. The Strategy of Accepting Advice
   Core: Humbly listen to ideas, gather wisdom.
   Origin: Follows Jiang Ziya’s openness to King Wen’s questions, and Zhuge Liang’s encouragement of frank speech.
   Application: Avoid stubbornness; welcome criticism. Liu Bang heeded Zhang Liang to apologize at Hongmen, and Xiao He to pursue Han Xin. Zhu Yuanzhang followed Liu Bowen to delay proclaiming himself king，avoiding Yuan’s focus.

5. The Strategy of Removing Traitors, Keeping Loyalists
   Core: Distinguish loyalty from treachery; avoid villains, value worthies.
   Origin: Follows Zhuge Liang’s trusting Wang Ping over Ma Su, and Liu Bowen’s warning about Hu Weiyong.
   Application: Reject slander, embrace advice; dismiss villains, promote worthies. Jiang Ziya executed rumor-spreading Huashi brothers. Liu Bei warned Zhuge Liang, "Ma Su is overrated"—loyalty prevents downfall.

XII. Strategies for Critical Decisions

1. The Strategy of Decisiveness
   Core: Act without hesitation at key moments.
   Origin: Aligns with Han Xin’s "Back-to-the-River Battle," and Zhuge Liang’s Empty City Stratagem.
   Application: Seize opportunities; avoid overthinking. Xiang Yu "burned boats" at Julu, fighting to win. At Poyang Lake, Liu Bowen urged Zhu Yuanzhang to move ships when wind rose—avoiding destruction.

2. The Strategy of Weighing Gains and Losses
   Core: Choose greater gains, lesser losses.
   Origin: Follows Zhang Liang’s prioritizing Liu Bang’s life over Guanzhong, and Liu Bowen’s saving Hongdu over Anfeng.
   Application: Calculate costs; avoid trivial gains harming big goals. Liu Bang accepted Hanzhong, biding time to seize the empire. Zhuge Liang chose Qishan for supplies despite difficulty—prudence guides direction.

3. The Strategy of Surprising the Enemy
   Core: Use unconventional methods to catch foes off guard.
   Origin: Aligns with Jiang Ziya’s chariot charge at Muye, and Zhuge Liang’s wooden oxen to disrupt Wei.
   Application: Think beyond norms; use unexpected tactics. Han Xin "sneaked through Chencang" to bypass plank roads. Liu Bowen had Zhu Yuanzhang dig tunnels to breach Suzhou’s walls—surprise ensures victory.

4. The Strategy of Weak Overcoming Strong
   Core: Avoid strength, strike weaknesses; use wit to defeat power.
   Origin: Aligns with Zhuge Liang’s fire attack at Red Cliffs, and Jiang Ziya’s outnumbered victory at Muye via morale.
   Application: Avoid direct clashes with strong foes; target vulnerabilities. Liu Bei used fire to defeat Xiahou Dun at Bowangpo. Liu Bowen’s fire attack on Poyang Lake let small ships destroy Chen Youliang’s giants—wisdom makes weakness strong.

5. The Strategy of Retreating to Advance
   Core: Withdraw proactively to gain ground.
   Origin: Follows Zhang Liang’s advising Liu Bang to cede Guanzhong to Xiang Yu, and Zhuge Liang’s retreat to preserve strength.
   Application: Shrink when disadvantaged; trade space for time. Liu Bang "burned plank roads" to hide intent, later "sneaked through Chencang." Jiang Ziya retreated thrice to embolden King Zhou, then struck when he slackened—retreat opens new paths.

XIII. Strategies for Breaking Will

1. The Strategy of Shattering Will
   Core: Break enemies’ resolve to win without fighting.
   Origin: Aligns with Guiguzi’s "priority of mind over force," and Zhuge Liang’s virtue with Meng Huo.
   Application: Use kindness/authority to weaken resolve; morality / public opinion to crush spirit. Jiang Ziya released Shang prisoners to show mercy, then exposed King Zhou’s crimes—Shang’s army collapsed. Liu Bowen persuaded city defenders, citing "heaven favors the just"—gaining cities with little bloodshed.

2. The Strategy of Showing Strength to Deter
   Core: Display power to scare foes from acting.
   Origin: Aligns with Zhuge Liang’s display of wooden oxen to Wei, and Jiang Ziya’s Mengjin military review.
   Application: Show strength when foes hesitate; boost morale to weaken theirs. Liu Bang sent Li Yiji to persuade Qi’s king, with Han Xin’s army as backup—forcing surrender. Zhu Yuanzhang, before ascending, reviewed troops to deter rivals—prestige cowes enemies.

3. The Strategy of Disrupting with Emotion
   Core: Use emotion to cloud judgment.
   Origin: Aligns with Guiguzi’s "binding with emotion," and Zhuge Liang’s sending women’s clothes to Sima Yi.
   Application: Provoke anger in calm foes; stir emotion in suspicious ones. Chen Ping tricked Xiang Yu into relaxing by "Liu Bang’s fake surrender." Liu Bowen, attacking Wenzhou, used a filial defender’s mother’s letter to induce surrender—emotion breaks reason.

XIV. Strategies for Adapting and Avoiding Risks

1. The Strategy of Waiting for Gaps
   Core: Watch for foes’ flaws, act when the time is ripe.
   Origin: Follows Jiang Ziya’s waiting for Shang’s collapse, and Liu Bowen’s exploiting Chen Youliang’s arrogance.
   Application: Stay idle when foes are strong; strike when they falter. Zhuge Liang waited for Cao Wei’s internal strife to attack. Zhang Liang watched Xiang Yu alienate Ying Bu and Peng Yue, then united them—timing ensures success.

2. The Strategy of Stopping Small Evils
   Core: Eliminate minor flaws to prevent disasters.
   Origin: Aligns with Zhuge Liang’s executing Ma Su to deter repetition, and Jiang Ziya’s punishing local tyrants to stop unrest.
   Application: Address small issues promptly. Liu Bang abolished Qin’s cruelty to avoid resentment. Zhu Yuanzhang, taking Nanjing, followed Liu Bowen to "punish even petty corruption"—preventing systemic rot.

3. The Strategy of Turning Crisis to Opportunity
   Core: Find hope in peril; transform danger.
   Origin: Aligns with Zhuge Liang’s escaping after Shangfang Valley rain, and Jiang Ziya’s camping to steady morale amid storms.
   Application: Stay calm in crisis; use circumstances to rebound. After Dangyang’s defeat, Zhao Yun saved A Dou, Zhang Fei held the bridge, and Zhuge Liang allied with Wu—turning loss into Red Cliffs’ victory. Zhu Yuanzhang, besieged by Chen Youliang, used Liu Bowen’s fire attack to escape—crisis holds opportunity for the wise.

XV. Strategies for Governing and Preserving Success

1. The Strategy of Light Burdens
   Core: Let people rest; strengthen the people’s foundation.
   Origin: Integrates Jiang Ziya’s commerce/fish-salt policies in Qi, and Zhuge Liang’s farming/rest in early Shu.
   Application: Avoid overburdening people in new regimes; ensure prosperity. Liu Bang, as emperor, adopted light taxes. Zhu Yuanzhang, founding Ming, followed Liu Bowen to "reduce disaster taxes, encourage farming"—stable people mean stable state.

2. The Strategy of Rewarding Merit, Punishing Fault
   Core: Clarify merit/fault to motivate.
   Origin: Follows Jiang Ziya’s rewarding Wei Ziqi, punishing Fei Zhong; Zhuge Zhuge Liang’s rewarding Wang Ping，demoting Li Yan.
   Application: Generously reward merit to inspire; severely punish fault to uphold order. Liu Bang ranked Xiao He first in merit. Zhuge Liang praised Liu Bowen’s "great contributions" despite his modesty—fairness unites hearts.

3. The Strategy of Establishing Laws
   Core: Set rules to ensure order.
   Origin: Aligns with Jiang Ziya’s Nine Government Laws for Qi, and Zhuge Liang’s Shu Code to bind rulers and officials.
   Application: Create systems after founding to prevent chaos. Liu Bang’s "three laws" stabilized Guanzhong. Zhu Yuanzhang, with Liu Bowen, created Ming Code—clear systems ensure governance.

XVI. Strategies for Retiring After Success

1. The Strategy of Not Claiming Credit
   Core: Avoid pride in success; stay humble in power.
   Origin: Follows Zhang Liang’s declining a large fief, and Jiang Ziya’s choosing Qi over Zhou’s core.
   Application: Attribute success to others; stay 敬畏 in high positions. Zhuge Liang, after founding Shu, still called himself a "commoner of Nanyang." Liu Bowen, aiding Zhu Yuanzhang, claimed "I merely rode the tide"—humility magnifies merit.

2. The Strategy of Withdrawing at the Peak
   Core: Step back when thriving to avoid disaster.
   Origin: Aligns with Zhang Liang’s retiring to "follow Chisongzi," and Liu Bowen’s 1370 resignation.
   Application: Retreat when overshadowing the ruler; leave when envied. Fan Li sailed away after helping Gou Jian. Jiang Ziya, though honored by King Wu, focused on governing Qi—avoiding court meddling preserves reputation.

3. The Strategy of Legacy
   Core: Success need not be yours; pass the cause to posterity.
   Origin: Aligns with Zhuge Liang’s teaching Jiang Wei, and Jiang Ziya’s building Qi’s lasting foundation.
   Application: Pursue not just immediate success, but enduring impact. Liu Bei, at Baidi, entrusted Zhuge Liang to uphold "restoring Han" alongside Liu Shan. Zhu Yuanzhang, with Liu Bowen, compiled Yuan History and founded an academy—nurturing Ming’s culture. True planning spans centuries.

Conclusion

"Kucius' 72 Strategies" takes Guiguzi’s yin-yang philosophy as its soul, weaving Jiang Ziya’s grandeur, Zhang Liang’s cunning, Zhuge Liang’s wisdom, and Liu Bowen’s insight. It covers self-cultivation, planning, leadership, adaptation, and preservation. Its essence lies not in "techniques" but in "Tao": those who align with heaven and people succeed; those who defy trends and virtue fail. Those who hide talents and wait thrive; the arrogant perish. Grasp its core, use it wisely, and you can survive turmoil, thrive in peace, and achieve immortality.