1 LED驱动操作硬件
1.1 怎么写 LED 驱动程序?
详细步骤如下:
① 看原理图确定引脚,确定引脚输出什么电平才能点亮/熄灭 LED
② 看主芯片手册,确定寄存器操作方法:哪些寄存器?哪些位?地址是?
③ 编写驱动:先写框架,再写硬件操作的代码
注意:在芯片手册中确定的寄存器地址被称为物理地址,在 Linux 内核中无法直接使用。需要使用内核提供的 ioremap 把物理地址映射为虚拟地址,使用虚拟地址。
1.2 ioremap函数介绍
函数原型及头文件:
#include <asm/io.h>
void __iomem *ioremap(resource_size_t res_cookie, size_t size);
它的作用:
- 把物理地址 phys_addr 开始的一段空间(大小为 size),映射为虚拟地址;返回值是该段虚拟地址的首
地址。
比如:
virt_addr = ioremap(phys_addr, size);实际上,它是按页(4096 字节)进行映射的,是整页整页地映射的。假设 phys_addr = 0x10002,size=4,ioremap 的内部实现是:
- a. phys_addr 按页取整,得到地址 0x10000
- b. size 按页取整,得到 4096
- c. 把起始地址 0x10000,大小为 4096 的这一块物理地址空间,映射到虚拟地址空间,
假设得到的虚拟空间起始地址为 0xf0010000 - d. 那么 phys_addr = 0x10002 对应的 virt_addr = 0xf0010002
不再使用该段虚拟地址时,要 iounmap(virt_addr):
void iounmap(volatile void __iomem* cookie);
2 代码实现
其它代码同LED驱动框架中的代码,如下为硬件操作相关代码:
led_opr.h:
#ifndef _LED_OPR_H
#define _LED_OPR_H
struct led_operations {
int num;
int (*init) (int which); /* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */
int (*ctl) (int which, char status); /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */
};
struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void);
#endif
board_100ask_imx6ull.c:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include "led_opr.h"
static volatile unsigned int *CCM_CCGR1 ;
static volatile unsigned int *IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3;
static volatile unsigned int *GPIO5_GDIR ;
static volatile unsigned int *GPIO5_DR ;
static int board_demo_led_init (int which) /* 初始化LED, which-哪个LED */
{
unsigned int val;
//printk("%s %s line %d, led %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which);
if (which == 0)
{
if (!CCM_CCGR1)
{
CCM_CCGR1 = ioremap(0x20C406C, 4);
IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3 = ioremap(0x2290014, 4);
GPIO5_GDIR = ioremap(0x020AC000 + 0x4, 4);
GPIO5_DR = ioremap(0x020AC000 + 0, 4);
}
/* GPIO5_IO03 */
/* a. 使能GPIO5
* set CCM to enable GPIO5
* CCM_CCGR1[CG15] 0x20C406C
* bit[31:30] = 0b11
*/
*CCM_CCGR1 |= (3<<30);
/* b. 设置GPIO5_IO03用于GPIO
* set IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3
* to configure GPIO5_IO03 as GPIO
* IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3 0x2290014
* bit[3:0] = 0b0101 alt5
*/
val = *IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3;
val &= ~(0xf);
val |= (5);
*IOMUXC_SNVS_SW_MUX_CTL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER3 = val;
/* b. 设置GPIO5_IO03作为output引脚
* set GPIO5_GDIR to configure GPIO5_IO03 as output
* GPIO5_GDIR 0x020AC000 + 0x4
* bit[3] = 0b1
*/
*GPIO5_GDIR |= (1<<3);
}
return 0;
}
static int board_demo_led_ctl (int which, char status) /* 控制LED, which-哪个LED, status:1-亮,0-灭 */
{
//printk("%s %s line %d, led %d, %s\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, which, status ? "on" : "off");
if (which == 0)
{
if (status) /* on: output 0*/
{
/* d. 设置GPIO5_DR输出低电平
* set GPIO5_DR to configure GPIO5_IO03 output 0
* GPIO5_DR 0x020AC000 + 0
* bit[3] = 0b0
*/
*GPIO5_DR &= ~(1<<3);
}
else /* off: output 1*/
{
/* e. 设置GPIO5_IO3输出高电平
* set GPIO5_DR to configure GPIO5_IO03 output 1
* GPIO5_DR 0x020AC000 + 0
* bit[3] = 0b1
*/
*GPIO5_DR |= (1<<3);
}
}
return 0;
}
static struct led_operations board_demo_led_opr = {
.num = 1,
.init = board_demo_led_init,
.ctl = board_demo_led_ctl,
};
struct led_operations *get_board_led_opr(void)
{
return &board_demo_led_opr;
}