组件的生命周期
- Mounting:已插入真实 DOM
- Updating:正在被重新渲染
- Unmounting:已移出真实 DOM
React 为每个状态都提供了两种处理函数,will 函数在进入状态之前调用,did 函数在进入状态之后调用,三种状态共计五种处理函数。
- componentWillMount()
- componentDidMount()
- componentWillUpdate(object nextProps, object nextState)
- componentDidUpdate(object prevProps, object prevState)
- componentWillUnmount()
此外,React 还提供两种特殊状态的处理函数。
- componentWillReceiveProps(object nextProps):已加载组件收到新的参数时调用
- shouldComponentUpdate(object nextProps, object nextState):组件判断是否重新渲染时调用
组件的生命周期在不同状态下的执行顺序
- 当首次装载组件时,按顺序执行 getDefaultProps、getInitialState、componentWillMount、render 和 componentDidMount
- 当卸载组件时,执行 componentWillUnmount
- 当重新装载组件时,此时按顺序执行 getInitialState、componentWillMount、render 和 componentDidMount,但并不执行 getDefaultProps
- 当再次渲染组件时,组件接受到更新状态,此时按顺序执行 componentWillReceiveProps、shouldComponentUpdate、componentWillUpdate、render 和 componentDidUpdate
这些方法的官方介绍
基本模板
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>Hello React!</title>
<script src="build/react.js"></script>
<script src="build/react-dom.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/babel-core/5.8.23/browser.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="example"></div>
<script type="text/babel">
ReactDOM.render(
<h1>Hello, world!</h1>,
document.getElementById('example')
);
</script>
</body>
</html>
双向绑定
- onChange事件
var NoLink = React.createClass({
getInitialState: function() {
return {message: 'Hello!'};
},
handleChange: function(event) {
this.setState({message: event.target.value});
},
render: function() {
var message = this.state.message;
return <input type="text" value={message} onChange={this.handleChange} />;
}
});
笔记
- JSX 的基本语法规则:遇到 HTML 标签(以 < 开头),就用 HTML 规则解析;遇到代码块(以 { 开头),就用 JavaScript 规则解析
- React.createClass 方法用于生成一个组件类,组件类的第一个字母必须大写
- getInitialState:初始化方法,定义state
- this.props:与组件的属性一一对应
- this.props.children:表示组件的所有子节点
- class 属性需要写成 className,for 属性需要写成 htmlFor
- getDefaultProps:设置组件属性的默认值
- this.refs.[refName]:获取真实的DOM节点
- this.state.<状态变量名>:访问状态变量
- this.setState方法:修改状态值
- propTypes:{}:验证组件属性,配合isRequired,保证属性是必须的
- mixins:[]:Mixins混合函数对象,抽取公用函数为对象,ES6语法不支持
- es6语法class声明组件需要.bind(this):组件函数没有自动绑定到this,class的写法,元素上调用组件的函数,需要手动.bind(this)
propTypes更多验证类型
React.createClass({
propTypes: {
// You can declare that a prop is a specific JS primitive. By default, these
// are all optional.
optionalArray: React.PropTypes.array,
optionalBool: React.PropTypes.bool,
optionalFunc: React.PropTypes.func,
optionalNumber: React.PropTypes.number,
optionalObject: React.PropTypes.object,
optionalString: React.PropTypes.string,
// Anything that can be rendered: numbers, strings, elements or an array
// (or fragment) containing these types.
optionalNode: React.PropTypes.node,
// A React element.
optionalElement: React.PropTypes.element,
// You can also declare that a prop is an instance of a class. This uses
// JS's instanceof operator.
optionalMessage: React.PropTypes.instanceOf(Message),
// You can ensure that your prop is limited to specific values by treating
// it as an enum.
optionalEnum: React.PropTypes.oneOf(['News', 'Photos']),
// An object that could be one of many types
optionalUnion: React.PropTypes.oneOfType([
React.PropTypes.string,
React.PropTypes.number,
React.PropTypes.instanceOf(Message)
]),
// An array of a certain type
optionalArrayOf: React.PropTypes.arrayOf(React.PropTypes.number),
// An object with property values of a certain type
optionalObjectOf: React.PropTypes.objectOf(React.PropTypes.number),
// An object taking on a particular shape
optionalObjectWithShape: React.PropTypes.shape({
color: React.PropTypes.string,
fontSize: React.PropTypes.number
}),
// You can chain any of the above with `isRequired` to make sure a warning
// is shown if the prop isn't provided.
requiredFunc: React.PropTypes.func.isRequired,
// A value of any data type
requiredAny: React.PropTypes.any.isRequired,
// You can also specify a custom validator. It should return an Error
// object if the validation fails. Don't `console.warn` or throw, as this
// won't work inside `oneOfType`.
customProp: function(props, propName, componentName) {
if (!/matchme/.test(props[propName])) {
return new Error('Validation failed!');
}
}
},
/* ... */
});