android-Supporting Different Devices

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-29 22:00:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-11-29 22:00:00 发布

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本文深入探讨了Android应用开发中如何支持多种语言、优化不同屏幕尺寸的用户体验以及跨平台版本兼容性的策略。通过创建语言特定的资源目录、调整布局文件以适应不同屏幕尺寸，并利用Android SDK的最低和目标SDK版本属性来确保应用在多个Android版本上运行良好。同时，介绍了如何利用Android Support Library来充分利用最新API的同时，不牺牲对旧版本的支持。

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Some of the important variations that you should consider include different languages, screen sizes, and versions of the Android platform.

> Supporting Different Languages

Learn how to support multiple languages with alternative string resources.

Supporting Different Screens

Learn how to optimize the user experience for different screen sizes and densities.

Supporting Different Platform Versions

Learn how to use APIs available in new versions of Android while continuing to support older versions of Android.

>To add support for more languages, create additional values directories inside res/ that include a hyphen and the ISO language code at the end of the directory name.

MyProject/
    res/
       values/
           strings.xml
       values-es/
           strings.xml
       values-fr/
           strings.xml

>Android categorizes device screens using two general properties: size and density. (Different Screens)

As such, you should include some alternative resources that optimize your app’s appearance for different screen sizes and densities.

There are four generalized sizes: small, normal, large, xlarge
And four generalized densities: low (ldpi), medium (mdpi), high (hdpi), extra high (xhdpi)

To optimize your user experience on different screen sizes, you should create a unique layout XML file for each screen size you want to support.

MyProject/
    res/
        layout/              # default (portrait)
            main.xml
        layout-land/         # landscape
            main.xml
        layout-large/        # large (portrait)
            main.xml
        layout-large-land/   # large landscape
            main.xml

Note: Android 3.2 and above supports an advanced method of defining screen sizes that allows you to specify resources for screen sizes based on the minimum width and height in terms of density-independent pixels.

To generate these images, you should start with your raw resource in vector format and generate the images for each density using the following size scale:

xhdpi: 2.0
hdpi: 1.5
mdpi: 1.0 (baseline)
ldpi: 0.75

MyProject/
    res/
        drawable-xhdpi/
            awesomeimage.png
        drawable-hdpi/
            awesomeimage.png
        drawable-mdpi/
            awesomeimage.png
        drawable-ldpi/
            awesomeimage.png

> how to take advantage of the latest APIs while continuing to support older versions as well.( Platform Versions )

Tip: In order to provide the best features and functionality across several Android versions, you should use the Android Support Library in your app, which allows you to use several recent platform APIs on older versions.

 <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="4" android:targetSdkVersion="15" />

private void setUpActionBar() {
    // Make sure we're running on Honeycomb or higher to use ActionBar APIs
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
        ActionBar actionBar = getActionBar();
        actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
    }
}

<activity android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Dialog">

<application android:theme="@style/CustomTheme">