- IO流用来处理设备之间的数据传输
- Java对数据的操作是通过流的方式
- Java用于操作流的对象都在IO包中
- IO流按照流向划分为输入流、输出流
- IO流按照操作数据划分为字符流(专门处理文字)、字节流
二、File相关操作
一个File类的实例代表一个文件或文件夹,File.pathSeparator指的是分隔连续多个路径字符串的分隔符,File.separator才是用来分隔同一个路径字符串中的目录的。由于java可跨平台,所以当new一个File时,路径中的“;"和"/"要用File.pathSeparator和File.separator代替。
File常用的构造方法
import java.io.File;
public class IOTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file1=new File("D:"+File.separator+"IOTest.Java");//文件绝对路径
File file2=new File("D:"+File.separator+"IO");//目录的绝对路径
File file3=new File(file2, "IOTest.java");//第一个参数File实例代表一个目录file2,第二个参数为file2目录内的文件名
File file4=new File("D:"+File.separator+"IO", "IOTest.java");//目录和文件的字符串类型
}
}
File的常用方法
file1.createNewFile();
System.out.println("file1.isFile(): " + file1.isFile());
System.out.println("file1.isDirectory(): " + file1.isDirectory());
System.out.println("file1.getName(): " + file1.getName());
System.out.println("file1.getAbsolutePath " + file1.getAbsolutePath());
file2.mkdir();
System.out.println("file2.isDirectory(): " + file1.isDirectory());
String[] list = file2.list();//返回String[]类型的文件 只含文件名
File[] listFile=file2.listFiles();//返回File[]类型的文件 包含完整的文件对象
- String getName():返回文件名或路径名(若是路径,返回最后一级子路径名)
- String getPath():返回对象对应的路径名
- File getAbsoluteFile():返回绝对路径
- String getAbsolutePath():返回对象对应的绝对路径
- String getParent():返回文件目录的上一级目录名
- boolean renameTo(File newName):重命名此File对象对应的文件或目录,若重命名成功返回true;
- boolean exists():判断对象对应的文件或目录是否存在;
- boolean canWrite():判断对象对应文件或目录是否可写;
- boolean canRead():判断对象对应文件或目录是否可读;
- boolean isFile():判断对象是文件,不是目录;
- boolean isDirectory() 判断对象的文件是否是一个目录;
- boolean isAbsolute() 判断对象对应文件或目录是否为绝对路径名;
- boolean createNewFile() 当且仅当不存在,该方法创建一个该File对象所指定的新文件,创建成功返回true。
- boolean delete():删除File对象所对应的文件或路径;
- boolean mkdir() 创建File对象所对应的目录,调用该方法的File对象必须对应路径,而不是文件。
- String[] list():列出File对象的所有子文件名和路径名。
- File[] listFiles():列出File对象的所有子文件和路径。
- static File[] listRoots():列出系统所有的根路径;
练习列出一个目录下所有文件及目录(利用递归):
public class IOTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
File file = new File("C:\\Users\\Mr\\Desktop\\源码");
scan(file);
}
private static void scan(File file) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
File[] files = file.listFiles();
for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
File newfile = files[i];
if (newfile.isFile()) {
System.out.println("文件:" + newfile.getName());
} else {
System.out.println("目录:" + newfile.getName());
scan(newfile);
}
}
}
}
文件过滤器,根据文件名或路径获得想要的文件对象
private static void scan(File file) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
File[] files = file.listFiles(new FilenameFilter() {
@Override
public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return name.contains(".java");
}
});
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(files));
}
通过listfile方法传入一个FilenameFilter接口的实例,复写accept方法,控制想要得到的文件。
三、流
- 字符流
FileReader(直接读取)
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
public class FileReaderTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
File file=new File("d:"+File.separator+"test4.txt");
FileReader reader=new FileReader(file);
int ch=0;
while((ch=reader.read())!=-1){
System.out.print((char)ch);
}
reader.close();
}
}
利用字符数组读取以提高效率
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
public class FileReaderTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
File file = new File("d:" + File.separator + "test4.txt");
FileReader reader = new FileReader(file);
char[] buf = new char[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = reader.read(buf)) != -1) {
System.out.print(new String(buf, 0, len));
}
reader.close();
}
}
FileWriter(现有文件追加一行)
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
public class FileWriterTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
File file = new File("d:" + File.separator + "test4.txt");
if(!file.exists())file.createNewFile();
FileWriter writer=new FileWriter(file,true);//可追加设为true
writer.write("\r\n-------新追加一行--------");
writer.close();
}
}
文本文件复制
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
public class Copy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
File source = new File("d:" + File.separator + "test4.txt");
File target = new File("d:" + File.separator + "test5.txt");
if (!target.exists())
target.createNewFile();
FileReader reader = new FileReader(source);
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(target, true);
char[] buf = new char[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = reader.read(buf)) != -1) {
writer.write(buf, 0, len);
writer.flush();
}
writer.close();
reader.close();
}
}
- 字符缓冲流
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
public class BufferedReaderTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new FileReader("d:" + File.separator + "test4.txt"));
String line;
while((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
}
BufferedWriter
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
public class BufferedWriterTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedWriter writer=new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("d:" + File.separator + "test5.txt",true));
writer.newLine();
writer.write("新追加一行");
writer.flush();
writer.close();
}
}
文本文件复制(字符缓冲流)
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
public class CopyByBuf {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
File source = new File("d:" + File.separator + "test4.txt");
File target = new File("d:" + File.separator + "test6.txt");
if (!target.exists())
target.createNewFile();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(source));
BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(target));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
writer.write(line);
writer.newLine();
writer.flush();
}
writer.close();
reader.close();
}
}
BufferedReader的子类LineNumberReader.setLineNumber(0)来设置初始行,默认0,getLineNumber()返回行号。
public class BufferedReaderTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
LineNumberReader reader=new LineNumberReader(new FileReader("d:" + File.separator + "test4.txt"));
String line;
//reader.setLineNumber(0);
while((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println(reader.getLineNumber()+line);
}
}
}
- 字节流
public class FileInputStreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("d:" + File.separator + "test4.txt");
int ch = 0;
while ((ch = in.read()) != -1) {
System.out.print((char) ch);
}
in.close();
}
}
FileInputStream通过byte[]读取
public class FileInputStreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("d:" + File.separator + "test4.txt");
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = in.read(buf)) != -1) {
System.out.print(new String(buf, 0, len));
}
in.close();
}
}
FileOutputStream直接写入数据
public class FileInputStreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FileOutputStream out=new FileOutputStream("d:" + File.separator + "test.txt");
out.write("黑马你好".getBytes("UTF-8"));
out.close();
}
}
FileOutputStream和FileInputStream通过byte[]图片
public class FileInputStreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("d:" + File.separator + "heima.jpg");
FileOutputStream out=new FileOutputStream("d:" + File.separator + "heima_copy.jpg");
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = in.read(buf)) != -1) {
out.write(buf, 0, len);
}
in.close();
out.close();
}
}
FileOutputStream和FileInputStream通过BufferedOutputStream和BufferedInputStream复制图片
public class FileInputStreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedInputStream in=new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("d:" + File.separator + "heima.jpg"));
BufferedOutputStream out=new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("d:" + File.separator + "heima_copy1.jpg"));
int data = 0;
while ((data = in.read()) != -1) {
out.write(data);
}
in.close();
out.close();
}
}
- 转换流
System.in:对应的标准输入设备:键盘。
package Blog;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
public class ConsoleTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
System.in));
BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(
System.out));
String line = null;
while (!"stop".equals(line) && (line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
writer.write(line);
writer.newLine();
writer.flush();
}
writer.close();
reader.close();
}
}
- 字符流与字节流的总结
- 用流对目录复制
package Blog;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
public class CopyDir {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
File dir_s = new File("c:" + File.separator + "heima");//源目录
File dir_d = new File("d:" + File.separator + dir_s.getName());//目标目录
dir_d.mkdir();//创建目录
DoCopy(dir_s, dir_d);
}
private static void DoCopy(File dir_s, File dir_d) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
File[] files = dir_s.listFiles();
for (File file : files) {
if (file.isFile()) {//如果是文件 复制
BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
File file_new=new File(dir_d, file.getName());
file_new.createNewFile();
BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file_new));
int data = 0;
while ((data = in.read()) != -1) {
out.write(data);
}
in.close();
out.close();
} else {//如果是目录 递归
File dir_new=new File(dir_d,file.getName());
dir_new.mkdir();
DoCopy(file,dir_new);//
}
}
}
}
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Copy {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("请输入一个源目录");
String SourceDir = getDir();
System.out.println("请输入一个目的目录");
String dtDir = getDir();
mainJob(SourceDir, dtDir);
System.out.println("-------------已完成-------------");
}
static String getDir() throws Exception {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
System.in));
String str = reader.readLine();
//reader.close();
return str;
}
static void mainJob(String S, String D) throws Exception {
File source = new File(S);
File dest = new File(D);
dest.mkdir();
List<File> javaList = new ArrayList<File>();
javaList = scanDir(source, javaList);
for (File file : javaList) {
File newFile = new File(dest,FileUtil.getHeadName(file)+".txt");
int n = 0;
String head=FileUtil.getHeadName(newFile);
String tail=FileUtil.getExtendName(newFile);
while (newFile.exists()) {
//判断 若有同名文件出现时 防止覆盖
newFile=new File(dest,head+"("+(++n)+")."+tail);
}
newFile.createNewFile();
copy2dest(file, newFile);
}
}
/**
* @param source
* @param javaList
* @return
* @throws Exception
* 扫描目录筛选java文件 返回File集合
*/
static List<File> scanDir(File source, List<File> javaList)
throws Exception {
File[] javas = source.listFiles();
for (File file : javas) {
if (file.isDirectory()) {
scanDir(file, javaList);
} else {
if (file.getName().endsWith(".java"))
javaList.add(file);
}
}
return javaList;
}
/**
* @param file
* @param dest
* @throws Exception
* 主要复制动作
*/
static void copy2dest(File file, File dest) throws Exception {
BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
file));
BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(dest));
int data = 0;
System.out.println("正在复制 "+dest.getName());
while ((data = in.read()) != -1) {
out.write(data);
}
in.close();
out.close();
}
}
/**
* @author Mr
* 自定义文件工具类
*/
class FileUtil{
/**
* @param file
* @return
* 获取文件名不带扩展名
*/
public static String getHeadName(File file){
return file.getName().substring(0,file.getName().lastIndexOf("."));
}
/**
* @param file
* @return
* 获取扩展名
*/
public static String getExtendName(File file){
return file.getName().substring(file.getName().lastIndexOf(".")+1);
}
/**
* @param file
* @param extendName
* @return
* 修改扩展名
*/
public static File trExtendName(File file,String extendName){
return new File(file.getParent(),getHeadName(file)+"."+extendName);
}
}
四、其它重要IO相关
1.可接收字符输出流和字节输出流的打印流PrintWriter,PrintWriter功能十分强大也比较常用,同时可直接接受File类型文件或String文件路径,具有自动flush的特点。
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class PrintWriterTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new FileReader("d:" + File.separator + "test4.txt"));
PrintWriter printer=new PrintWriter(System.out,true);//true 自动刷新, system.out是输出流 也可以是文件File或文件路径
String data=null;
while((data=reader.readLine())!=null){
printer.println(data);
}
printer.close();
reader.close();
}
}
2.通过InputStream下的SequenceInputStream类实现合并多个字节输入流
该类有两个构造方法,也就是两种不同的实现方式:
通过传入Enumeration<? extends InputStream>对多个流的封装
public class SequenceInputStreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FileInputStream in1 = new FileInputStream("d:" + File.separator
+ "test4.txt");
FileInputStream in2 = new FileInputStream("d:" + File.separator
+ "test5.txt");
FileInputStream in3 = new FileInputStream("d:" + File.separator
+ "test6.txt");
Vector<InputStream> vector = new Vector<InputStream>();
vector.add(in1);
vector.add(in2);
vector.add(in3);//将三个inputStream添加进Vector集合
Enumeration<InputStream> enumeration = vector.elements();//获取Enumeration对象
SequenceInputStream in_all = new SequenceInputStream(enumeration);
PrintWriter printer = new PrintWriter(System.out, true);
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(in_all));
String data = null;
while ((data = reader.readLine()) != null) {
printer.println(data);
}
reader.close();
in1.close();
in2.close();
in2.close();
in_all.close();
printer.close();
}
}
传入两个inputStream实例对象,并且只能是两个,不常用
public class SequenceInputStreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FileInputStream in1 = new FileInputStream("d:" + File.separator
+ "test4.txt");
FileInputStream in2 = new FileInputStream("d:" + File.separator
+ "test5.txt");
SequenceInputStream in_all = new SequenceInputStream(in1, in2);
PrintWriter printer = new PrintWriter(System.out, true);
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(in_all));
String data = null;
while ((data = reader.readLine()) != null) {
printer.println(data);
}
reader.close();
in1.close();
in2.close();
in_all.close();
printer.close();
}
}
3.切割流
public class SplitFile {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
BufferedInputStream in=new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("d:" + File.separator + "梁心颐 - 小树.mp3"));
BufferedOutputStream out=null;
byte[] data=new byte[1024*1024];
int len=0;
int count=0;
while((len=in.read(data))!=-1){
out=new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("d:" + File.separator + "梁心颐 - 小树"+(++count)+".part"));
out.write(data, 0, len);
out.close();
}
in.close();
}
}
4.ObjectInputStream和ObjectOutStream实现对象持久化
要想通过该方法持久化的实例对象,该类必须实现Serializable接口
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Person implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -4102534291757583600L;
private String name;
private Integer age;
public String add;
public Person(String name, Integer age, String add) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.add = add;
}
public Person() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
}
并声明UID,如果不实现该接口则在ObjectOutputStream写出对象时会报“未序列化的对象”异常
下面开始对一个Person对象进行持久化即写入一个文件中,随后读出该文件
public class ObjectStream {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, IOException {
Person p1=new Person("liuli", 25, "china");
//写
ObjectOutputStream out=new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("D:"+File.separator+"test.obj"));
out.writeObject(p1);
out.close();
//读
ObjectInputStream in=new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("D:"+File.separator+"test.obj"));
Person p2=(Person)in.readObject();
System.out.println(p2.getName()+p2.getAdd()+p2.getAge());
}
}
public class PipeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
PipedInputStream pipeIn = new PipedInputStream();
PipedOutputStream pipeOut = new PipedOutputStream();
pipeIn.connect(pipeOut);//连接两个流
In in = new In(pipeIn);
Out out = new Out(pipeOut);
Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
class In implements Runnable {
private PipedInputStream in;
public In(PipedInputStream in) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.in = in;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String line = null;
try {
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
reader.close();
in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Out implements Runnable {
private PipedOutputStream out;
public Out(PipedOutputStream out) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.out = out;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
PrintWriter writer=new PrintWriter(out, true);
try {
writer.println("黑马程序员2015年1月9日18:51:42");
writer.println("黑马程序员2015年1月9日18:51:45");
writer.println("黑马程序员2015年1月9日18:51:47");
writer.close();
out.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
由此可见管道流建立了两个不同线程的沟通桥梁,可以实现线程间的通讯,可以实现生产者消费者模型。
6.DataInputStream和DataOutputStream存储基本数据类型数据
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
public class DataStream {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DataOutputStream out=new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("d:" + File.separator + "test.txt"));
out.writeInt(2015);
out.writeBoolean(true);
out.writeDouble(2015.0109);
out.close();
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream("d:" + File.separator + "test.txt"));
System.out.println(in.readInt());
System.out.println(in.readBoolean());
System.out.println(in.readDouble());
in.close();
}
}
7.ByteArrayInputStream和ByteArrayOutputStream
public class ByteArrayOutputStreamTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
File file = new File("d:" + File.separator + "test4.txt");
if (!file.exists())
throw new RuntimeException("文件不存在");
FileInputStream in;
ByteArrayOutputStream arr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
in = new FileInputStream(file);
byte[] data = new byte[5];
int len = 0;
while ((len = in.read(data)) != -1) {
arr.write(data, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(arr.toString());
in.close();
}
}
8.StringReader和StringWriter
public class StringReader {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedReader reader2=new BufferedReader(new StringReader("黑马程序员"));
StringWriter writer2=new StringWriter();
writer2.append(reader2.readLine());
writer2.append("------追加新文字");
System.out.println(writer2.toString());
BufferedReader reader3=new BufferedReader(new CharArrayReader("黑马程序员".toCharArray()));
CharArrayWriter writer3=new CharArrayWriter();
writer3.write(reader3.readLine().toCharArray());
System.out.println(writer3.toString());
}
}
9.CharArrayReader和CharArrayWriter
public class CharArray {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedReader reader3=new BufferedReader(new CharArrayReader("黑马程序员".toCharArray()));
CharArrayWriter writer3=new CharArrayWriter();
writer3.write(reader3.readLine().toCharArray());
System.out.println(writer3.toString());
}
}
总结:ByteArrayInputStream和ByteArrayOutputStream、CharArrayReader和CharArrayWriter、StringReader和StringWriter都是用流的思想操作内存中的数据。