Chapter 1:Getting Started

-->Editors

Emacs

 

 

-->Linux Programes

search path for file to execute

/bin:Binaries,progreams used in booting the system

/usr/bin:User binaries,standard programs available to users

/usr/local/bin:Local binaries,programs specific to an installation

 

":" separate entries in the path variable  -->windows";"

"/" separate directory names in a filename -->windows"\"

 

 

-->Applications

/usr/bin

/usr/local/bin or /opt

 

-->Header Files

General Path    /usr/include - /usr/include/sys - /usr/include/linux

X Window System /usr/include/X11

GNU C++         /usr/include/c++

$gcc -I/usr/openwin/include fred.c

$grep EXIT_ *.h

 

-->Library Files

Standard system libraries /lib and /usr.lib

.a  for traditional,static lib

.so for shared lib

$gcc -o fred fred.c /usr/lib/libm.a

$gcc -o fred fred.c -lm

$gcc -o xllfred -L/usr/openwin/lib xllfred.c -lXll

 

 

-->Static Libraries

gcc:-sysroot=<目录> 将<目录>作为头文件和库文件的根目录

    -B<目录> 将<目录>添加到编译器的搜索路径中

    -V<版本> 为gcc制定目标机器

    -v       显示编译器调用的程序

    -S       编译到汇编语言，不进行汇编和链接

    -c       编译、汇编到目标代码，不进行链接

    -o<文件> 输出到

$gcc -c bill.c fred.c

$ls *.o

bill.o fred.o

 

$gcc -c main.c

$gcc -o main main.o bill.o fred.o

$./main

 

$ar crv libfoo.a bill.o fred.o

ar:-r 将文件插入备存文件中

    c 建立备存文件

    v 程序执行时显示详细的信息

    V 显示版本信息  

$ranlib libfoo.a/* It's not necessary for Linux,but harm-less*/

$gcc -o main main.o libfoo.a

$./main

 

$gcc -o main main.o -L. -lfoo

 

 

-->Shared Libraries

$ldd main

        linux-gate.so.1=>(0xffffe000)

        libc.so.6=>/lib/libc.so.6(0xb7db4000)

        /lib/ld-linux.so.2(0xb7efc000)

       

-->Getting Help

$man gcc

$info gcc