dpkg命令的用法

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本文介绍如何在Ubuntu系统中使用命令行工具查找、安装、管理和查看Java相关软件包的详细信息。

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ubantu查找软件包：

<span style="font-size:18px;">命令：sudo apt-cache search packagename</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">eg：sudo apt-cache search jdk</span>

会提示所有jdk包：

default-jdk - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit
default-jdk-doc - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit (documentation)
default-jre - Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime
default-jre-headless - Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime (headless)
gcj-4.6-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
gcj-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
gcj-native-helper - Standard helper tools for creating gcj native packages
icedtea-6-jre-cacao - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Cacao
icedtea-6-jre-jamvm - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using JamVM
icedtea-6-plugin - web browser plugin based on OpenJDK and IcedTea to execute Java applets
libcommons-lang-java - Extension of the java.lang package
libcommons-lang-java-doc - Documentation for an extension of the java.lang package
libhessian-java - Java implementation of a binary protocol for web services
libhessian-java-doc - Documentation for libhessian-java
libreoffice - office productivity suite
mauve - free test suite for the Java Class libraries
openjdk-6-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-6-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-6-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-6-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-6-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)
openjdk-6-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
testng - testing framework for Java
fakeroot-ng - Gives a fake root environment
freemind - Java Program for creating and viewing Mindmaps
icedtea-7-jre-jamvm - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using JamVM
icedtea-7-plugin - web browser plugin based on OpenJDK and IcedTea to execute Java applets
japitools - Java API compatibility testing tools
java3ds-fileloader - Java3D 3DS File Loader
jtreg - Regression Test Harness for the OpenJDK platform
libanimal-sniffer-java - JDK/API verification tools
libanimal-sniffer-java-doc - Documentation for Animal Sniffer
libcommons-lang3-java - Extension of the java.lang package (for Java 5+)
libcommons-lang3-java-doc - Documentation for extension of the java.lang package (for Java 5+)
libcommons-launcher-java - cross platform java application launcher
libcommons-math-java - Java lightweight mathematics and statistics components
libcommons-math-java-doc - Java lightweight mathematics and statistics components - documentation
libhibernate-commons-annotations-java - Hibernate Commons Annotations
libicu4j-4.4-java - Library for Unicode support and internalisation
libicu4j-java - Library for unicode support and internalisation
libitext1-java - Java Library to generate PDF on the Fly
libjboss-aop-java - JBoss Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) framework
libjboss-common-java - The JBoss Common Project
libjboss-marshalling-java - alternative serialization API
libjson-simple-java - Simple, lightweight and efficient JSON toolkit for Java
libjxp-java - Java template engine/script processor
libmaven-enforcer-plugin-java - Maven build rule execution framework
libnb-javaparser-java - Parser for the Java language which is good for use in tools
libpicocontainer-java - Java library implementing the Dependency Injection pattern
libpostgresql-jdbc-java - Java database (JDBC) driver for PostgreSQL
libpostgresql-jdbc-java-doc - Java database (JDBC) driver for PostgreSQL (documentation)
libslf4j-java - Simple Logging Facade for Java
libtrove-java - high performance collections for java
libtrove-java-doc - high performance collections for java
libwagon-java - tools to manage Maven artifacts and deployment
mmake - Makefile generator for Java programs
openjdk-6-jre-zero - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Zero/Shark
openjdk-7-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-7-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-7-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-7-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-7-jre-zero - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Zero/Shark
openjdk-7-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
substance - cross-platform look & feel for Swing applications
substance-doc - cross-platform look & feel for Swing applications - documentation
usepackage - utility to manage environment variables from within dotfiles
uwsgi-app-integration-plugins - plugins for integration of uWSGI and application
uwsgi-plugin-jvm-openjdk-6 - Java plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)
uwsgi-plugin-jwsgi-openjdk-6 - JWSGI plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)
visualvm - All-in-One Java Troubleshooting Tool
openjdk-6-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-6-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
icedtea-7-jre-cacao - Transitional package for obsolete Cacao JVM for OpenJDK
openjdk-7-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-7-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-7-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)
java-package - Utility for creating Java Debian packages
update-java - Updates JDK to the latest version
gcj-4.8-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
gcj-4.9-jdk - GCJ and Classpath development tools for Java(TM)
gcj-5-jdk - GCJ and Classpath development tools for Java(TM)
gcj-5 - GCJ byte code and native compiler for Java(TM)
gcj-6 - GCJ byte code and native compiler for Java(TM)
gcj-6-jdk - GCJ and Classpath development tools for Java(TM)
oracle-jdk7-installer - Oracle JDK7 Installer meta package
oracle-java7-installer - Oracle Java(TM) Development Kit (JDK) 7
oracle-java6-installer - Oracle Java(TM) Development Kit (JDK) 6
oracle-java8-installer - Oracle Java(TM) Development Kit (JDK) 8
oracle-java7-set-default - Set Oracle JDK 7 as default Java
oracle-java6-set-default - Set Oracle JDK 6 as default Java
oracle-java8-set-default - Set Oracle JDK 8 as default Java
oracle-java9-installer - Oracle Java(TM) Development Kit (JDK) 9
oracle-java9-set-default - Set Oracle JDK 9 as default Java

用命令sudo apt-cache show packagename显示一下这个包的详细信息：（也可以用dpkg -s oracle-java7-installer来查看详细信息）

<span style="font-size:18px;">sudo apt-cache show  oracle-java7-installer</span>

Package: oracle-java7-installer
Priority: optional
Section: java
Installed-Size: 124
Maintainer: Alin Andrei <webupd8@gmail.com>
Architecture: all
Version: 7u80+7u60arm-0~webupd8~1
Recommends: gsfonts-x11
Replaces: icedtea-6-plugin, icedtea-7-plugin, openjdk-6-jre, openjdk-6-jre-headless, openjdk-7-jdk, openjdk-7-jre, openjdk-7-jre-headless, oracle-java7-bin, oracle-java7-fonts, oracle-java7-jdk, oracle-java7-jre, oracle-java7-plugin, oracle-jdk7-installer
Suggests: binfmt-support, visualvm, ttf-baekmuk | ttf-unfonts | ttf-unfonts-core, ttf-kochi-gothic | ttf-sazanami-gothic, ttf-kochi-mincho | ttf-sazanami-mincho, ttf-arphic-uming, firefox | firefox-2 | iceweasel | mozilla-firefox | iceape-browser | mozilla-browser | epiphany-gecko | epiphany-webkit | epiphany-browser | galeon | midbrowser | moblin-web-browser | xulrunner | xulrunner-1.9 | konqueror | chromium-browser | midori | google-chrome
Provides: default-jre, default-jre-headless, icedtea-6-plugin, icedtea-7-plugin, java-compiler, java-jdk, java-runtime, java-runtime-headless, java-sdk, java-virtual-machine, java2-jdk, java2-runtime, java2-runtime-headless, java2-sdk, java5-jdk, java5-runtime, java5-runtime-headless, java5-sdk, java6-jdk, java6-runtime, java6-runtime-headless, java6-sdk, java7-jdk, java7-runtime, java7-runtime-headless, java7-sdk, openjdk-6-jre, openjdk-6-jre-headless, openjdk-7-jdk, openjdk-7-jre, openjdk-7-jre-headless, oracle-java7-bin, oracle-java7-fonts, oracle-java7-jdk, oracle-java7-jre, oracle-java7-plugin
Depends: java-common (>= 0.24), locales
Conflicts: j2se-common
Pre-Depends: wget, binutils, debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0
Filename: pool/main/o/oracle-java7-installer/oracle-java7-installer_7u80+7u60arm-0~webupd8~1_all.deb
Size: 22394
MD5sum: 3d71222785f72804fbb4f4c82eb09616
SHA1: 22caf2033ed9e55e5cb38c074937222c85daeb79
SHA256: 4f96ab825efa72290a32b0a9de07b9d56a3a563600c2943b749b901a36c94f14
Description-en: Oracle Java(TM) Development Kit (JDK) 7
The JDK(TM) is a development environment for building and running
applications, applets, and components using the Java programming language.
.
The JDK(TM) includes Java Runtime Environment (JRE) for running applications,
Java Plug-in for running applets in web browsers and tools useful for
developing and testing programs written in the Java programming language.
.
Note that this package does not contain any software from Oracle. This
package does however contain a script to download and install Oracle JDK 7.
All information regarding Java itself can be found on this website:
http://www.oracle.com/
Description-md5: 523e4f34a0004fd0057693bc889bc42b
Npp-Mimetype: application/x-java-vm, application/x-java-applet, application/x-java-applet;version=1.1, application/x-java-applet;version=1.1.1, application/x-java-applet;version=1.1.2, application/x-java-applet;version=1.1.3, application/x-java-applet;version=1.2, application/x-java-applet;version=1.2.1, application/x-java-applet;version=1.2.2, application/x-java-applet;version=1.3, application/x-java-applet;version=1.3.1, application/x-java-applet;version=1.4, application/x-java-applet;version=1.4.1, application/x-java-applet;version=1.4.2, application/x-java-applet;version=1.5, application/x-java-applet;version=1.6, application/x-java-applet;jpi-version=1.6.0_07, application/x-java-bean, application/x-java-bean;version=1.1, application/x-java-bean;version=1.1.1, application/x-java-bean;version=1.1.2, application/x-java-bean;version=1.1.3, application/x-java-bean;version=1.2, application/x-java-bean;version=1.2.1, application/x-java-bean;version=1.2.2, application/x-java-bean;version=1.3, application/x-java-bean;version=1.3.1, application/x-java-bean;version=1.4, application/x-java-bean;version=1.4.1, application/x-java-bean;version=1.4.2, application/x-java-bean;version=1.5, application/x-java-bean;version=1.6, application/x-java-bean;jpi-version=1.7.0_03, application/x-java-jnlp-file
Npp-Applications: ec8030f7-c20a-464f-9b0e-13a3a9e97384, 92650c4d-4b8e-4d2a-b7eb-24ecf4f6b63a
Npp-Name: The Java(TM) Plug-in, Java SE 7

安装完后查看安装目录用命令sudo dpkg -L packagename：

eg:

<span style="font-size:18px;">sudo dpkg -L oracle-java7-installer</span>

/.
/var
/var/cache
/var/cache/oracle-jdk7-installer
/var/cache/oracle-jdk7-installer/javaws-wrapper.sh
/var/cache/oracle-jdk7-installer/fontconfig.Ubuntu.properties
/var/cache/oracle-jdk7-installer/jar.binfmt
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/applications
/usr/share/applications/JB-jconsole.desktop
/usr/share/applications/JB-controlpanel.desktop
/usr/share/applications/JB-policytool.desktop
/usr/share/applications/JB-jvisualvm.desktop
/usr/share/applications/JB-mission-control.desktop
/usr/share/applications/JB-java.desktop
/usr/share/applications/JB-javaws.desktop
/usr/share/pixmaps
/usr/share/pixmaps/oracle_java7.xpm
/usr/share/pixmaps/oracle_java7.png
/usr/share/mime-info
/usr/share/mime-info/oracle-java7-web-start.mime
/usr/share/mime-info/oracle-java7-web-start.keys
/usr/share/mime-info/oracle-java7-installer-archive.mime
/usr/share/mime-info/oracle-java7-installer-archive.keys
/usr/share/application-registry
/usr/share/application-registry/oracle-java7-web-start.applications
/usr/share/application-registry/oracle-java7-archive.applications
/usr/share/mime
/usr/share/mime/packages
/usr/share/mime/packages/oracle-java7-installer.xml
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/oracle-java7-installer
/usr/share/doc/oracle-java7-installer/copyright
/usr/share/doc/oracle-java7-installer/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/lib
/usr/lib/jvm
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle