目录
(转载请注明来自Ressan博客)
1. 脑的解剖学结构
“三沟五叶”
(1)额叶Frontal lobe
空间分布:外侧裂与中央沟之间(上/中/下回、中央前回……)
功能:随意运动、意图、动机、精神活动、记忆整合
测验:精细动作测验、the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test、语言和计算能力测验
ps:前额叶prefrontal cortex(包括 BA8~14, BA24, BA25, BA32, BA44~BA47)功能:执行功能、注意和记忆(李澄宇课题组发现前额叶细胞只与工作记忆的存储有关,与决策无关)。
(2)顶叶Parietal lobe
空间分布:中央沟、外侧裂、枕前切迹、枕顶沟之间(中央后回、顶上/下小叶、缘上回、角回)
功能:数理逻辑、躯体协调、整合空间信息
(3)颞叶Temporal lobe
空间分布:外侧裂与枕前切迹之间(上/中/下回……)
功能:听觉、情绪、记忆、精神活动
(4)枕叶Occipital lobe
空间分布:枕前切迹与枕顶沟之间
功能:视觉
2. 脑区命名
(维基百科与百度百科还是有相当差别,我参照雷旭博客、百度百科将维基百科重新翻译,若有错误感谢大家指正~)
(*) Area only found in non-human primates.
Brodmann areas | Name | 中文名 |
---|---|---|
3,1,2 | Primary somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrus (frequently referred to as 3, 1, 2 by convention) | 初级体感皮层 |
4 | Primary motor cortex | 初级运动皮层 |
5 | Superior parietal lobule | 顶上小叶 |
6 | Premotor cortex and Supplementary Motor Cortex (Secondary Motor Cortex) (Supplementary motor ) | 前运动皮层和辅助运动皮层 |
7 | Visuo-Motor Coordination | 视觉运动联合区 |
8 | Includes Frontal eye fields | 包括额叶眼动区 |
9 | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | 背外侧前额叶 |
10 | Anterior prefrontal cortex (most rostral part of superior and middle frontal gyri) | 前侧前额叶 |
11 | Orbitofrontal (orbital and rectus gyri, plus part of the rostral part of the superior frontal gyrus) | 额眶区 |
12 | Orbitofrontal (used to be part of BA11, refers to the between the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior rostral sulcus) | 额眶区 |
13,14* | Insular cortex | 岛叶皮层 |
15* | Anterior Temporal lobe | 前颞叶 |
16 | Insular cortex | 岛叶皮层 |
17 | Primary visual cortex (V1) | 初级视觉皮层(V1) |
18 | Secondary visual cortex (V2) | 次级视觉皮层(V2) |
19 | Associative visual cortex (V3, V4, V5) | 联合视觉皮层(V3,V4,V5) |
20 | Inferior temporal gyrus | 颞下回 |
21 | Middle temporal gyrus | 颞中回(加工视觉信息) |
22 | Part of the superior temporal gyrus, included in Wernicke's | 颞上回的部分(前侧属于维尔尼克区) |
23 | Ventral posterior cingulate cortex | 腹后扣带皮层 |
24 | Ventral anterior cingulate cortex. | 腹前扣带皮层(情绪和认知加工) |
25 | Subgenual (part of the Ventromedial prefrontal cortex)[5] | 膝下皮层 |
26 | Ectosplenial portion of the retrosplenial region of the cerebral cortex | 压外区 |
27 | Piriform cortex | 梨状皮层( 或pyriform cortex,与味觉有关,是嗅脑的一部分) |
28 | Ventral entorhinal cortex | 腹内嗅皮层 |
29 | Retrosplenial cortex | 压后皮质 |
30 | Subdivision of retrosplenial cortex | 压后皮质分区 |
31 | Dorsal Posterior cingulate cortex | 背侧后扣带皮层 |
32 | Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex | 背侧前扣带皮层 |
33 | Part of anterior cingulate cortex | 前扣带皮层的部分 |
34 | Dorsal entorhinal cortex (on the Parahippocampal gyrus) | 背嗅皮层(海马旁回) |
35 | Part of the perirhinal cortex (in the rhinal sulcus) | 旁嗅皮层(位于嗅脑沟) |
36 | Part of the perirhinal cortex (in the rhinal sulcus) | 旁嗅皮层(位于嗅脑沟) |
37 | Fusiform gyrus | 梭状回 |
38 | Temporopolar area (most rostral part of the superior and middle temporal gyri) | 颞极区 |
39 | Angular gyrus, considered by some to be part of Wernicke's | 角回(维尔尼克区的一部分) |
40 | Supramarginal gyrus considered by some to be part of Wernicke's area | 缘上回 |
41,42 | Auditory cortex | 听觉皮层 |
43 | Primary gustatory cortex | 初级味觉皮层(在文献中代指AI/FO (Anterior Insula/Frontal Operculum)) |
44,45 | Broca's area, includes the opercular part and triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus | 布洛卡区(额下回的岛盖部和三角部) |
46 | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | 背外侧前额叶 |
47 | Orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus | 额下回眶部 |
48 | Retrosubicular area (a small part of the medial surface of the temporal lobe) | 下脚后区(颞叶内侧的一小部分) |
49 | Parasubicular area in a rodent | 下脚旁区 |
52 | Parainsular area (at the junction of the temporal lobe and the insula) | 岛旁区(位于颞叶和岛叶的交界处) |
3. 脑组织定位
MNI空间:Montreal Neurological Institute根据一系列正常人脑的磁共振图像而建立的坐标系统。