AIX常用命令

 常用的系统状态查询命令：
# lsdev –C –s scsi
列出各个SCSI设备的所有相关信息：如逻辑单元号，硬件地址及设备文件名等。
# ps -ef
列出正在运行的所有进程的各种信息：如进程号及进程名等。
# netstat -rn
列出网卡状态及路由信息等。
# netstat -in
列出网卡状态及网络配置信息。
# df -k
列出已加载的逻辑卷及其大小信息。
# mount
列出已加载的逻辑卷及其加载位置。
# uname -a
列出系统ID号，系统名称，OS版本等信息。
# hostname
列出系统网络名称。
# lsvg –l rootvg,lsvg –p rootvg
显示逻辑卷组信息，如包含哪些物理盘及逻辑卷等。
# lslv –l datalv,lslv –p datalv
显示逻辑卷各种信息，如包含哪些盘，是否有镜像等。
八网络故障定位方法
网络不通的诊断过程：
ifconfig查看网卡是否启动(up)
netstat–i查看网卡状态
Ierrs/Ipkts和Oerrs/Opkts是否>1%
ping自己网卡地址(ip地址)
ping其它机器地址，如不通，在其机器上用diag检测网卡是否有问题。
在同一网中，subnetmask应一致。
网络配置的基本方法：
(1)如需修改网络地址、主机名等，一定要用chdev命令
# chdev –l inet0 –a hostname=myhost
# chdev -l en0 -a netaddr='9.3.240.58' -a netmask=255.255.255.0’
(2)查看网卡状态：# lsdev–Cc if
(3)确认网络地址：# ifconfig en0
(4)启动网卡：# ifconfig en0 up
(5)配置路由
有两种方式加入路由：
永久路由
# chdev -l inet0 -a route=’10.47.0.0’,’9.3.240.59’
临时路由
# route add10.47.1.2 9.3.240.59
用命令netstat -rn查看路由表
附：常用命令列表：
Any XXXX, ####, ****, or X is to be substituted by a name, resource name or #,
fn = filename
DIR = Directory
| = pipe symbol
bosboot -a -d /dev/hdiskx -rebuilds boot record/image on boot device(hdiskx)
cat -view contents of a file
cat /tmp/****.1 -view a file, look at output
cat fn fn > newfile -combines two files to a single file
cd -will return you to default DIR
cd / -will put in root DIR
cd /xxxx -change you to a DIR anywhere is system
cd .. -will drop you out of 1 DIR at a time
cd xxxxx -will change you to a DIR in current dir
cfgmgr -will auto config devices
cfgmgr -v & -(-v) shows processes (&) puts in background
chps -s xx hd# -increase paging space (xx=# of addt'l PPs)
cp oldfn newfn -copy a file
cp oldfn Dirn -copy a file to another directory
crontab -l -list crontab entries for the current user
ctrl + v -will page down 1 page
ctrl + 6 -will page up 1 page
delfn -same as rm -i,promts to remove fn
df -I -shows status of file systems (no inodes)
df -Ik -(k) show status in 1024 bites(1mb)(only AIX 4
diag -a -updates changes in hardware configuration
diag ***** -****= a device type(as tape,disk....Fastpath)
diag -cd rmtX -resets tape drive
dosformat -formats a diskette to DOS
dosdir -list files on dos formated diskette
dosread XX YY -copies dos file XX to aix file YY
doswrite YY XX -copies aix file YY to dos file XX
errpt -generates a one line synopsis of logged errors
errpt | pg -list errorlog 1 page @ a time(1st column is ID)
errpt -a -displays detailed information of logged errors
errpt -s Mmddhhmmyy -select entries posted later than date
errpt -aj XXXXXXX -list detail error by ID number.(XXX=1st column)
errpt -d S -list software errors
errpt -j XXXXXXX -list summary report by ID number.
errpt -aN XXXXXX -list detailed report by resource name column
errpt -N XXXXXXX-list summary report by resource name column
errclear 0 -clears errorlog
errclear -N XXXXX0 -clears errorlog by resource name, 0=all enter
errclear -j XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by ID number.
finger -same as who but with more details
flcopy -copies a diskette to another diskette
format -formats a diskette in default diskette drive
format -l -formats in lower denity: 1.44 on 2.44 / 720 on 1.44
hostname -responds with host system name
host (hostname) -responds with internet address
instfix -ik IPAR# -lists ipar fix was completely installed
lppchk -v -checks install status of LPPs
lppchk -v 2> /dev/lpX -sends output of lppchk to printer lpx
lpstat -a all -view all printer queues
lptest 80 5 > /dev/lp0 -send test pattern to lp0
ls -list names of files & directories in current dir
ls -lia -list details of files, current dir & subdir
ls -al -list details of files or dir in current dir
lsattr -El xxxxxx -list specific settings on a device
lsdev -C | sort -d -f -list system hardware (devices)
lsdev -C | grep 00-0X -list resourses for a adapter
lsdev -Cc xxxxx -H -list devices(xxx=tty,printer,disk,memory,adpt
lsdev -Cs scsi -list scsi devices(not serial or raid)
lsdev -Cc tape -list tape devices
lsdev -Cs pci -list pci devices
lsdev -Cs isa -list isa devices
lscons -lists the assigned console
lscfg -list hardware list (same as diags list)
lscfg -rl mem* |pg -lists the memory on PCI bus machines
lscfg -vl XXXXX -list config info from a device.(rmt0,hdisk,etc)
lscfg -vl sysplanar0 -lists the machine type, model, s/n on SMP
lsfs -list all filesystems + data from "df" cmd
lslpp -l | grep BROKEN -lists incomplete ptfs
lslv -m hd5 -finds boot drive under pv1 column
lsps -a -checks available paging space
lsps -s -checks available paging space
lspv -lists information about the physical volumes
lspv hdisk# -list drive info
lspv -l hdisk# -lists logical volume group disk in
lsuser -f ALL -lists all attributes for all users
lsvg -lists volume groups
lsvg -p XXXXXX -lists disks in volume group (xxxxx= volume name)
more -reads files and displays the text one screen at a time.
mpcfg -df -list all setting the machine is set to (smp)
mpcfg -cf 11 1 -changes to fast IPL on SMP machines (smp)
mv fn (path fn) -move and rename a file
oslevel -shows AIX version (3.2.4 and above)
pg -reads and displays text one screen at a time.
pdisable -makes unavailable or shows all disabled tty's
pdisable tty# -disables a tty
penable -makes available or shows all enabled tty's
penable tty# -enables a tty
ps -el |pg -look at process running on system
pwd -list what DIR you are currently in
r -repeats last command
rm -i ******* -remove a file & will prompt you if you are sure
rmdev -l XXXXX -removes a device and defines it to data base
rmdev -l XXXXX -d -removes a device and deletes it from data base
set -o vi -sets up to veiw cammands that have been run
:wq -write(save) and quit file
Esc + k -used with SET command to list last command
k,l -k=list next command ran, l=steps you thru command
I -use with SET command inserts characters
j -steps you backwards
cw -cw=removes a word,just type in new word
(use with Esc)
a,x,r -a=added text, x=delete text, r=replace text(r+letter)
R -lets you type over letters or words
smit ***** -(*****= tape,disk,tty,etc.fastpath)
su -stands for switch user,(NOT super user)
su -switches to root id or prompts you for password
su XXXXXX -switches to XXXXXX's id
tar -cvf /dev/rmtX /etc -will copy /etc to a tape drive
tar -tvf /dev/rmtX -will read a tape drive
tctl -f /dev/rmtX rewoffl -rewind & eject tape
tctl -f /dev/rmtX.1 fsf 3 -forward advances a tape to be read by TAR
tctl -F -list avail commands(-F flag is not correct)
tctl retension -retensions tape in tape drive
& -put any command in background with process ID
uptime -how long since last IPL and how many users on system
vmstat # # -reports virtual memory statistics and more
iostat # # -reports CPU,disk & cdrom statistics
use with vm & iostat -1st #(how many sec to repeat), 2nd #(how many times)
who -shows users on system
who am i -shows user id on your terminal & tty number
USE the following with other commands.
---------------------------------------------------
>/tmp/****.1 -creates a file (used with lsXXX command)
>/dev/lp# -redirectes output to a printer(use with a comd)
|grep -is useful to search for text in a file.
|pg -use after any command to view one page at a time
| -pipe sign - Takes the output of one command and
feeds it to the input of another.
> -redirect sign or greater than sign
/ -slash sign
/ -back slash sign
>> -double redirect will add text to end of file
& -put any command in background with process ID
MUST unmount file system 1st to run fsck & dfsck/only use with a problem
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fsck XXXXXXX -will check a file system for errors & prompt
dfsck /XXXX /XXXX -will check 2 different file sys at the same time
FOLLOWING command lines will delete a group of devices as a group, the #,
sign is the hdisk#'s that you want to delete.(this is an exampe.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for disk in # # # # -this line and the next 3 line work together
do -the prompt will be > (REMEMBER to hit enter)
rmdev -l hdisk# {disk} -d -the prompt will be > (brackets around disk change)
done -the prompt will be > (on a printout. change to -)
SSA RELATED COMMANDS
-----------------------------------------
lsattr -El ssaX -list attributes of SSA adapters
lscfg -vl ssaX -list VPD of SSA adapters
lsdev -C | grep SSA -list all SSA devices
lslpp -L | grep SSA -list SSA device drivers
maymap -ap -maymap display of SSA loop
maymap -alph -maymap display of SSA loop
lscfg -vl pdisk* -list VPD of pdisks
ssaxlate -l hdiskX -list hdisk to pdisk assignment
ssaxlate -l pdiskX -list pdisk to hdisk assignment
ssa_rescheck -l hdiskX -show hdisk reservation status
FOLLOWING CMDS LIST, COPY, AND RESTORE FOR cpio,tar,dd,backup,dos:
NOTE: The fd0 is just a dev. so you may use any media you desire.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LIST COPY
------ --------
cpio -itv < /dev/fd0 ls /tmp/fn | cpio -ov > /dev/fd0
tar -tvf /dev/fd0 tar -cvf /dev/fd0 fn
dd li -l | dd dd if=fn f=/dev/fd0
restore -Tf /dev/fd0 backup -0 -uf /dev/fd0 fn By INODE
restore -Tf /dev/fd0 find / -print | backup -i -f/dev/fd0 By NAME
dosdir doswrite -a (AIX fn) (fn.ext)
TO RESTORE
-------------------
cpio -iv fn < /dev/fd0
tar -xvf /dev/fd0
dd f=/dev/fd0 if=fn
restore -xvf /dev/fd0 fn BY NAME/INODE, restore understands unless special
flags were used.
dosread -a (fn.ext) (AIX fn)
TO DOCUMENT THE SYSTEM
-------------------------------------------
lscfg -v > /dev/lpx -to list sys config/VPD
lsuser -f ALL > /dev/lpX -to list users
lsdev -Cc tty -H -to list all tty's
lsdev -Cc lp -H -to list all lp's
lsattr -El ttyX > /dev/lpX -to list ttyX parameters (do for each tty)
lsattr -El lpX > /dev/lpX -to list lpX parameters (do for each lp)
lpstat > /dev/lpX -to list queues
lsfs > /dev/lpx -to list filesystems
lspv > /dev/lpx -to list hard drives
lspv hdiskx -to list hard drive config (do for each drive)
lspv -l hdiskx -to list files on drive
lsvg rootvg -to list rootvg data
plus printout of or save to diskette:
------------------------------------------
/etc/inittab
/etc/objrepos/Cu*
/etc/passwd
/etc/filesystems
/etc/security/passwd
/etc/hosts
/sbin/rc.boot
 
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查看交换区信息：
lsps -a显示交换区的分布信息
lsps -s显示交换区的使用信息
slibclean清除处理程序遗留的旧分页信息
smit mkps建立交换区空间信息
swapon -a启动所有的分页空间
/etc/swapspaces存放分页空间表格信息
显示卷信息：
lsvg显示卷的名称
lsvg -l rootvg显示rootvg卷的详细信息
 
mount卷的方法：
varyonvg datavg加载datavg卷
mount /dev/data1加载datavg下的一个data1卷
 
裸设备类型：raw,jfs jfs可以转变成文件系统，而raw则不行
 
在裸设备上安装oracle系统：
修改裸设备的权限，如裸设备名为system01，安装数据库用户为oracle
chown oracle:dba /dev/system01
chown oracle:dba /dev/rsystem01
在使用文件时必须用rsystem01
 
smit快速路径名称：(smit：图形方式，smitty：字符方式)
dev设备管理
diag诊断
jfs定期档案管理系统
lvm逻辑卷册系统管理员管理
nfs NFS管理
sinstallp软件安装及维护
spooler列印队列管理
system系统管理
tcpip TCP/IP管理
USER使用者管理
clstart，clstop：启动和停止cluster
lssrc -g cluser：查看cluser的状态
 
查看已安装的软件信息：
ls -aF /usr/lpp (lppicensed Program Products)
查看安装媒体内容：
installp -q -d /dev/cdrom -l
 
启动时自动加载文件系统信息：
需要加载的信息存放在/etc/filesystems
mount -t nf加载所有在/ect/filesystems中定义type=nfs的文件系统
显示已加载的文件系统及状态：df -v,mount
 
查看错误日志信息：
errpt -a
 
有关TCP/IP的命令
网路卡：
smit chgenet,chgtok,chgfddi,opschange,mktty:adptr架构快速路径
smit mkinet,ppp:slip与ppp快速路径
ifconfig:config界面
位址：
/etc/hosts静态主机表
/etc/resolv.conf位址解析的名称服务器
/etc/named.boot名称服务器架构
/etc/named.ca根名称服务器快取
/etc/named.data位址列表
/etc/named.rev反转指标列表
nslookup查询名称服务器资讯
网络路由：
route管理路由
netstat -rn列出定义的路由
routed路由(daekmin rip)
gated路由(daekmin rip、egp、hello)
/etc/gateways已知网关
/etc/networks