Linux(Centos 7.6)命令详解：ping

1.命令作用

向网络主机发送ICMP ECHO_REQUEST(send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts)；即检测本机和目标服务器网络是否联通

2.命令语法

Usage: ping [OPTION] destination

3.参数详解

OPTION:

• -a，反向解析为主机名，解析成功显示主机名，解析失败则显示IP地址
• -c count，指定ping次数，结束后停止ping
• -f，泛滥(flood) ping，快速连续ping一台主机，ping的速度达到100次每秒
• -I interface，指定网卡接口、或指定的本机地址送出数据包
• -i interval，设定间隔几秒发送一个ping包，默认一秒ping一次
• -w deadline，ping测试最多运行多少时间自动停止
• -s packetsize，指定发送数据包的大小，默认值为56

4.常用用例

4.1.泛滥ping

注意: 泛滥ping可能占用大量带宽，导致网络拥塞

# 泛滥ping，ping速度100次每秒
[root@node1 ~]# ping -f node1
PING node1 (192.168.118.201) 56(84) bytes of data.
.^                                      # 该行会一直闪烁，ctrl+c退出后会打印如下内容
--- node1 ping statistics ---
140369 packets transmitted, 140369 received, 0% packet loss, time 1148ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.002/0.004/0.394/0.004 ms, ipg/ewma 0.008/0.005 ms
[root@node1 ~]# 

# 输出内容解释:
--- node1 ping statistics ---
    node1 ping 统计信息
140369 packets transmitted, 140369 received, 0% packet loss, time 1148ms
    传输数据包: 140369 
    接收数据包: 140369 
    丢包百分比: 0%
    时间: 1148ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.002/0.004/0.394/0.004 ms, ipg/ewma 0.008/0.005 ms
    rtt min/avg/max/mdev: 往返时间/延迟时间 最小/平均/最大/偏差值(时延波动)；用于衡量延迟，偏差越小越稳定
    ipg/ewma: 数据包间隔时间/指数加权移动平均

4.2.指定物理网卡、ping次数、ping时间间隔 

# 指定网卡br0，次数3次，时间间隔2秒ping；虚拟机指定-I执行会失败
[root@host49 llll]# ping -I br0 -c 3 -i 2 host48  或者 ping -Ibr0 -c3 -i2 host48
PING host48 (10.15.40.43) from 10.15.40.44 br0: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from host48 (10.15.40.43): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.228 ms
64 bytes from host48 (10.15.40.43): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.176 ms
64 bytes from host48 (10.15.40.43): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.257 ms

--- host48 ping statistics ---
3packets transmitted, 3received, 0% packet loss, time 3999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.176/0.220/0.257/0.035 ms

4.3.指定ping运行时间

# 指定ping执行时间，默认是间隔1秒输出一次，5秒则是5次
[root@node1 ~]# ping -w 5 node1 
PING node1 (192.168.118.201) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from node1 (192.168.118.201): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms
64 bytes from node1 (192.168.118.201): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.099 ms
64 bytes from node1 (192.168.118.201): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.122 ms
64 bytes from node1 (192.168.118.201): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.109 ms
64 bytes from node1 (192.168.118.201): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.172 ms

--- node1 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4048ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.047/0.109/0.172/0.042 ms
[root@node1 ~]#