转自:http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/zjc156m/article/details/9028643
pthread_detach(pthread_self())
linux线程执行和windows不同,pthread有两种状态joinable状态和unjoinable状态,
如果线程是joinable状态,当线程函数自己返回退出时或pthread_exit时都不会释放线程所占用堆栈和线程描述符(总计8K多)。只有当你调用了pthread_join之后这些资源才会被释放。
若是unjoinable状态的线程,这些资源在线程函数退出时或pthread_exit时自动会被释放。
unjoinable属性可以在pthread_create时指定,或在线程创建后在线程中pthread_detach自己, 如:pthread_detach(pthread_self()),将状态改为unjoinable状态,确保资源的释放。或者将线程置为 joinable,然后适时调用pthread_join.
其实简单的说就是在线程函数头加上 pthread_detach(pthread_self())的话,线程状态改变,在函数尾部直接pthread_exit线程就会自动退出。省去了给线程擦屁股的麻烦
eg:
pthread_t tid;
int status = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, ThreadFunc, NULL);
if(status != 0)
{
perror("pthread_create error");
}
pthread_detach(tid);
#include
<pthread.h> //新建线程 int pthread_create(pthread_t
*restrict tidp, const pthread_attr_t
*restrict attr, void *(*start_rtn)( void *), void *restrict
arg); //线程终止 void pthread_exit( void *rval_ptr); //线程自身主动退出 int pthread_join(pthread_t
tid, void **rval_ptr); //其他线程阻塞自身,等待tid退出 //线程清理 void pthread_cleanup_push( void (*rtn)( void *), void *arg); void pthread_cleanup_pop( int execute); |
补充说明:
1. 线程创建
pthread_create()函数返回值0,表示创建成功,线程id保存载tidp中;失败则返回非零,需自行处理,不会修改errno值
2. 线程终止
a. 任一线程调用exit, _Exit, _exit都将导致整个进程终止;
b. 单个线程退出方式有三种:
1> 线程执行函数start_rtn()中使用return返回,返回值为线程退出码;
2> 被同一个进程的其他线程使用pthread_cancel()取消;
3> 线程自身调用了pthread_exit();
说明:pthread_join(pthread_t tid, void **rval_ptr)函数会阻塞调用线程,直到tid线程通过上述三种方式终止退出,且return/pthread_exit()方式会设置相应线程退出码rval_ptr,而pthread_cancel()取消的线程,将退出码设置为PTHREAD_CANCELED.
3. 线程清理处理程序(thread cleanup handler)
3.a> pthread_cleanup_push()与pthread_cleanup_pop()均为<pthread.h>中实现的宏定义,具体实现如下:
pthread_cleanup_push
and pthread_cleanup_pop are macros and must always be
used in matching pairs at the same nesting level of braces. */ #
define pthread_cleanup_push(routine, arg) \ do {
\ __pthread_cleanup_class
__clframe (routine, arg) /*
Remove a cleanup handler installed by the matching pthread_cleanup_push. If
EXECUTE is non-zero, the handler function is called. */ #
define pthread_cleanup_pop(execute) \ __clframe.__setdoit
(execute); \ } while (0) |
可见push/pop中的{/}是一一对应的,因此pthread_cleanup_push/pop()也应一一对应出现,否则编译出错。
3.b> 当线程执行下列之一操作时调用清理函数,thread_cleanup_push由栈结构实现,注意清理程序调用的顺序,先入后出。
1: 调用pthread_exit()时,而直接return不会出发清理函数;
2: 相应取消请求pthread_cancel()时;
3: 使用非零execute参数调用pthread_cleanup_pop()时;
尤其需注意pthread_cleanup_pop()参数不同及此语句所处位置不同而有不同效果。
看此代码实例,注意return或pthread_exit()位置不同导致pthread_cleanup_pop()不同参数的效果变化。
#include
<pthread.h> void testPointerSize() { void *tret; printf ( "size
of pointer in x86-64:%d\n" , sizeof (tret)); //result
is 8 in x86-64. //which
is 4 in x86-32. printf ( "size
of int in x86-64:%d\n" , sizeof ( int )); //result
is 4 in x86-64. //which
is also 4 in x86-32. } void cleanup( void *arg) { printf ( "cleanup:%s\n" ,( char *)arg); } void *
thr_fn1( void *arg) { printf ( "thread
1 start\n" ); pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread
1 first handler" ); pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread
1 second handler" ); if (arg) return (( void *)1); //arg
!=0 ,return here. //
return here will not triger any cleanup. pthread_cleanup_pop(0); pthread_cleanup_pop(1); return (( void *)2); //will
not run this } void *
thr_fn2( void *arg) { printf ( "thread
2 start\n" ); pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread
2 first handler" ); pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread
2 second handler" ); pthread_cleanup_pop(0); pthread_cleanup_pop(1); return (( void *)2); //
return here can triger cleanup second handler; } void *
thr_fn3( void *arg) { printf ( "thread
3 start\n" ); pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread
3 first handler" ); pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread
3 second handler" ); if (arg) pthread_exit(( void *)3); //pthread_exit()
here will triger both cleanup first&second handler. pthread_cleanup_pop(1); pthread_cleanup_pop(0); pthread_exit(( void *)3); //wont
run this } void *
thr_fn4( void *arg) { printf ( "thread
4 start\n" ); pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread
4 first handler" ); pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup, "thread
4 second handler" ); pthread_cleanup_pop(1); pthread_cleanup_pop(0); pthread_exit(( void *)4); //pthread_exit()
here will triger cleanup second handler. } int main( void ) { testPointerSize(); int err; pthread_t
tid1, tid2, tid3, tid4; void *tret; err
= pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, thr_fn1, ( void *)1); err
= pthread_join(tid1,&tret); printf ( "thread
1 exit code %d\n" ,( int )tret); err
= pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, thr_fn2, ( void *)2); err
= pthread_join(tid2, &tret); printf ( "thread
2 exit code %d\n" ,( int )tret); err
= pthread_create(&tid3, NULL, thr_fn3, ( void *)3); err
= pthread_join(tid3,&tret); printf ( "thread
3 exit code %d\n" ,( int )tret); err
= pthread_create(&tid4, NULL, thr_fn4, ( void *)4); err
= pthread_join(tid4, &tret); printf ( "thread
4 exit code %d\n" ,( int )tret); } |
运行结果:
[root@hello
testData]# ./test size
of pointer in x86-64:8 size
of int in
x86-64:4 thread 1
start thread 1 exit code
1 thread 2
start cleanup: thread 2
first handler thread 2 exit code
2 thread 3
start cleanup: thread 3
second handler cleanup: thread 3
first handler thread 3 exit code
3 thread 4
start cleanup: thread 4
second handler thread 4 exit code
4 |
由上述测试程序总结如下:
1> push与pop间的return,将导致清理程序不被触发;
2> 位于pop之后return,由pop的参数确定是否触发清理程序,非零参数触发,零参数不触发;
3> push/pop间的pthread_exit(),将触发所有清理函数;
4>位于pop之后的pthread_exit()时,pop参数决定是否触发清理程序;
其实,上述四种情况只是测试验证了前文3.b所说三个条件,加深理解。