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前言
贪吃蛇是一款经典的游戏，简单却充满乐趣。作为Python初学者，通过开发贪吃蛇游戏可以学习到许多编程基础知识，如循环、条件判断、函数使用以及简单的游戏逻辑实现。本文将带领大家一步步用Python和Pygame库实现一个完整的贪吃蛇游戏，并配有详细的图片解析。
一、开发环境准备
首先，我们需要安装必要的库：
pip install pygame
Pygame是一个专门用于游戏开发的Python库，它提供了图像、声音、事件处理等游戏开发所需的功能。
二、游戏基本框架搭建
我们先创建一个基本的游戏窗口：
import pygame
import random
import time
# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()
# 定义颜色
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
# 设置游戏窗口
width, height = 600, 400
game_display = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇游戏')
# 设置游戏时钟
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
三、贪吃蛇类实现
接下来我们创建贪吃蛇类：
class Snake:
def __init__(self):
self.size = 10
self.length = 1
self.positions = [(width//2, height//2)] # 蛇头初始位置
self.direction = random.choice(["UP", "DOWN", "LEFT", "RIGHT"])
self.score = 0
def get_head_position(self):
return self.positions[0]
def move(self):
head_x, head_y = self.get_head_position()
if self.direction == "UP":
new_position = (head_x, head_y - self.size)
elif self.direction == "DOWN":
new_position = (head_x, head_y + self.size)
elif self.direction == "LEFT":
new_position = (head_x - self.size, head_y)
elif self.direction == "RIGHT":
new_position = (head_x + self.size, head_y)
# 插入新的头部位置
self.positions.insert(0, new_position)
# 如果长度没有增加，则移除尾部
if len(self.positions) > self.length:
self.positions.pop()
def draw(self, surface):
for position in self.positions:
rect = pygame.Rect(position[0], position[1], self.size, self.size)
pygame.draw.rect(surface, GREEN, rect)
pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLACK, rect, 1)
def handle_keys(self):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
quit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_UP and self.direction != "DOWN":
self.direction = "UP"
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN and self.direction != "UP":
self.direction = "DOWN"
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT and self.direction != "RIGHT":
self.direction = "LEFT"
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT and self.direction != "LEFT":
self.direction = "RIGHT"
四、食物类实现
食物是贪吃蛇增长的关键元素：
class Food:
def __init__(self):
self.size = 10
self.position = (0, 0)
self.randomize_position()
def randomize_position(self):
self.position = (
random.randint(0, (width - self.size) // self.size) * self.size,
random.randint(0, (height - self.size) // self.size) * self.size
)
def draw(self, surface):
rect = pygame.Rect(self.position[0], self.position[1], self.size, self.size)
pygame.draw.rect(surface, RED, rect)
pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLACK, rect, 1)
五、游戏主循环
现在我们将所有元素整合到游戏主循环中：
def game_loop():
snake = Snake()
food = Food()
while True:
snake.handle_keys()
snake.move()
# 检测是否吃到食物
if snake.get_head_position() == food.position:
snake.length += 1
snake.score += 1
food.randomize_position()
# 确保食物不会生成在蛇身上
while food.position in snake.positions:
food.randomize_position()
# 检测碰撞
head_x, head_y = snake.get_head_position()
if (head_x < 0 or head_x >= width or
head_y < 0 or head_y >= height or
snake.get_head_position() in snake.positions[1:]):
game_over(snake.score)
break
# 绘制游戏界面
game_display.fill(WHITE)
snake.draw(game_display)
food.draw(game_display)
# 显示分数
font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 25)
score_text = font.render(f"分数: {snake.score}", True, BLACK)
game_display.blit(score_text, [10, 10])
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(10) # 控制游戏速度
六、游戏结束处理
当游戏结束时，显示最终分数并提供重新开始选项：
def game_over(score):
game_display.fill(WHITE)
font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 50)
game_over_text = font.render("游戏结束!", True, BLACK)
score_text = font.render(f"最终分数: {score}", True, BLACK)
restart_text = font.render("按R键重新开始，按Q键退出", True, BLACK)
game_display.blit(game_over_text, [width//2 - 100, height//2 - 50])
game_display.blit(score_text, [width//2 - 100, height//2])
game_display.blit(restart_text, [width//2 - 200, height//2 + 50])
pygame.display.update()
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
quit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_r:
return # 重新开始游戏
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
pygame.quit()
quit()
七、启动游戏
最后，我们添加启动游戏的代码：
if __name__ == "__main__":
while True:
game_loop()
八、完整代码
以下是完整的贪吃蛇游戏代码：
import pygame
import random
import time
# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()
# 定义颜色
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
# 设置游戏窗口
width, height = 600, 400
game_display = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
pygame.display.set_caption('贪吃蛇游戏')
# 设置游戏时钟
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
class Snake:
def __init__(self):
self.size = 10
self.length = 1
self.positions = [(width//2, height//2)] # 蛇头初始位置
self.direction = random.choice(["UP", "DOWN", "LEFT", "RIGHT"])
self.score = 0
def get_head_position(self):
return self.positions[0]
def move(self):
head_x, head_y = self.get_head_position()
if self.direction == "UP":
new_position = (head_x, head_y - self.size)
elif self.direction == "DOWN":
new_position = (head_x, head_y + self.size)
elif self.direction == "LEFT":
new_position = (head_x - self.size, head_y)
elif self.direction == "RIGHT":
new_position = (head_x + self.size, head_y)
# 插入新的头部位置
self.positions.insert(0, new_position)
# 如果长度没有增加，则移除尾部
if len(self.positions) > self.length:
self.positions.pop()
def draw(self, surface):
for position in self.positions:
rect = pygame.Rect(position[0], position[1], self.size, self.size)
pygame.draw.rect(surface, GREEN, rect)
pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLACK, rect, 1)
def handle_keys(self):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
quit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_UP and self.direction != "DOWN":
self.direction = "UP"
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN and self.direction != "UP":
self.direction = "DOWN"
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT and self.direction != "RIGHT":
self.direction = "LEFT"
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT and self.direction != "LEFT":
self.direction = "RIGHT"
class Food:
def __init__(self):
self.size = 10
self.position = (0, 0)
self.randomize_position()
def randomize_position(self):
self.position = (
random.randint(0, (width - self.size) // self.size) * self.size,
random.randint(0, (height - self.size) // self.size) * self.size
)
def draw(self, surface):
rect = pygame.Rect(self.position[0], self.position[1], self.size, self.size)
pygame.draw.rect(surface, RED, rect)
pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLACK, rect, 1)
def game_loop():
snake = Snake()
food = Food()
while True:
snake.handle_keys()
snake.move()
# 检测是否吃到食物
if snake.get_head_position() == food.position:
snake.length += 1
snake.score += 1
food.randomize_position()
# 确保食物不会生成在蛇身上
while food.position in snake.positions:
food.randomize_position()
# 检测碰撞
head_x, head_y = snake.get_head_position()
if (head_x < 0 or head_x >= width or
head_y < 0 or head_y >= height or
snake.get_head_position() in snake.positions[1:]):
game_over(snake.score)
break
# 绘制游戏界面
game_display.fill(WHITE)
snake.draw(game_display)
food.draw(game_display)
# 显示分数
font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 25)
score_text = font.render(f"分数: {snake.score}", True, BLACK)
game_display.blit(score_text, [10, 10])
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(10) # 控制游戏速度
def game_over(score):
game_display.fill(WHITE)
font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 50)
game_over_text = font.render("游戏结束!", True, BLACK)
score_text = font.render(f"最终分数: {score}", True, BLACK)
restart_text = font.render("按R键重新开始，按Q键退出", True, BLACK)
game_display.blit(game_over_text, [width//2 - 100, height//2 - 50])
game_display.blit(score_text, [width//2 - 100, height//2])
game_display.blit(restart_text, [width//2 - 200, height//2 + 50])
pygame.display.update()
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
quit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_r:
return # 重新开始游戏
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
pygame.quit()
quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
while True:
game_loop()
结语
通过这个项目，我们学习了如何使用Python和Pygame库开发一个完整的贪吃蛇游戏。从游戏框架搭建到蛇的移动控制，再到食物生成和碰撞检测，涵盖了游戏开发的基本要素。希望这篇文章能帮助你理解游戏开发的基本流程，并激发你对Python游戏开发的兴趣。
最后：
希望你编程学习上不急不躁,按照计划有条不紊推进,把任何一件事做到极致,都是不容易的,加油,努力！相信自己！
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