Apache安装
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Step 1 创建运行时用户和组
$ groupadd www $ useradd -g www www -s /sbin/nologin -M
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Step 2 安装工具集和依赖
$ yum install -y wget $ wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo $ yum install -y gcc wget make libtool expat-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel libxml2-devel
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Step 3 安装apr
$ cd ~ $ wget http://10.0.16.133/src/x86_64/apr/apr-1.6.5.tar.gz $ tar -zxvf apr-1.6.5.tar.gz $ cd apr-1.6.5 $ sed -i s/"RM='\$RM'"/"RM='\$RM -f'"/ configure $ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr $ make $ make install
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Step 4 安装apr-util
$ cd ~ $ wget http://10.0.16.133/src/x86_64/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz $ tar -zxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz $ cd apr-util-1.6.1 $ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr $ make $ make install
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Step 5 安装httpd
$ cd ~ $ wget http://10.0.16.133/src/x86_64/httpd/httpd-2.4.43.tar.gz $ tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.43.tar.gz $ cd httpd-2.4.43 $ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \ --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \ --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util \ --enable-so \ --enable-ssl \ --enable-cgi \ --enable-rewrite \ --with-pcre \ --with-zlib \ --with-mpm=event \ --enable-modules=most \ --enable-mpms-shared=all $ make $ make install
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Step 6 创建日志存放目录
$ mkdir -pv /data/logs/apache $ chown -R www:www /data/logs/apache
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Step 7 创建Apache主配置文件
$ mv /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /usr/local/apache/conf/http.conf.default
$ mkdir -p /usr/local/apache/conf/vhost
$ cat >/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf <<EOF
Listen 0.0.0.0:80
ServerRoot /usr/local/apache
# 加载模块
LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so
LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so
LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so
LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so
LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so
LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
LoadModule unixd_module modules/mod_unixd.so
LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
<IfModule !mpm_prefork_module>
LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so
</IfModule>
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
</IfModule>
LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so
LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
ServerAdmin admin@feisu.com
ServerName localhost
###############
# 日志格式定义#
###############
<IfModule log_config_module>
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
<IfModule logio_module>
LogFormat "{\"server_ip\": \"%A\",\"client_ip\": \"%a\",\"@timestamp\": \"%{%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z}t\",\"server_name\": \"%v\",\"mehtod\": \"%m\",\"request\": \"%U%q\", \"url\": \"%U\",\"query\": \"%q\",\"status\": \"%>s\",\"user_agent\": \"%{User-agent}i\",\"referer\": \"%{Referer}i\",\"response_time\": \"%D\",\"x_forward_for\": \"%{X-Forwarded-For}i\",\"send_bytes\": \"%I\",\"recv_bytes\": \"%O\"}" json
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
ErrorLog /data/logs/apache/error.log
CustomLog /data/logs/apache/access.log json
LogLevel warn
###############
# Mime类型加载#
###############
<IfModule mime_module>
TypesConfig conf/mime.types
AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
AddEncoding x-compress .Z
AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType text/html .shtml
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
</IfModule>
###############
# 全局安全规则#
###############
# 禁止通过web访问.htaccess
<Files ".ht*">
Require all denied
</Files>
# 隐藏Apache版本号
ServerTokens ProductOnly
ServerSignature Off
# 开启同源策略限制,只允许同域名访问
<IfModule headers_module>
Header always append X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
</IfModule>
# 禁止.ssh访问
<LocationMatch "\.ssh">
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
</LocationMatch>
# 禁止.git访问
<LocationMatch "\.git">
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
</LocationMatch>
# 限制Apache运行时用户
<IfModule unixd_module>
User www
Group www
</IfModule>
###########
# 虚拟主机#
###########
Include conf/vhost/*.conf
EOF
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Step 8 创建默认虚拟主机
$ mkdir -pv /data/wwwroot/default $ echo "hello world" > /data/wwwroot/default/index.html $ cat >/usr/local/apache/conf/vhost/0.conf <<EOF <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /data/wwwroot/default ServerName localhost DirectoryIndex index.html </VirtualHost> EOF
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Step 9 添加系统服务
$ cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service << _EOF [Unit] Description=The Apache HTTP Server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStartPre=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -t ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start ExecReload=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k graceful ExecStop=/usr/local/apach/bin/httpd -k stop KillSignal=SIGKILL PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target _EOF $ systemctl daemon-reload
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Step 10 启动服务并添加到开机自启动
$ systemctl start httpd $ systemctl enable httpd
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Step 11 添加日志切割脚本
$ cat > /etc/logrotate.d/httpd << _EOF /data/logs/apache/*.log { daily rotate 15 compress nodelaycompress ifempty dateext missingok postrotate [ -e /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd ] && /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k graceful &>/dev/null endscript } _EOF
验证
$curl http://localhosthello world
配置文件详解
配置文件详解文件位置:/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" //服务器的根路径,改文件中所有涉及到的路径的根都是相对它而言的。
Listen 80 //监听的端口
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf //包含辅助配置文件目录下的所有以.conf结尾的;;;文件(/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf)
User apache //运行web服务的用户
Group apache
ServerAdmin root@localhost //管理员邮件地址
#ServerName www.example.com:80 //服务器的名字
ServerName www.uplooking.com:80
<Directory /> ---容器,对整个目录中的东西进行设置,权限等等
AllowOverride none
Require all denied
</Directory>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" //web服务文档根路径
<Directory "/var/www">
AllowOverride None
# Allow open access:
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory "/var/www/html">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks //Indexes:索引目录,(默认没有主页时),允许索引目录 FollowSymLinks:支持符号链接 软连接
AllowOverride None //和访问权限有关 可以进行认证 None --不使用认证 all--应用所有的认证指令 AuthConfig --允许使用与认证授权相关的指令
Require all granted //访问控制 所有人方行
</Directory>
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html //网站索引页的名称
</IfModule>
<Files ".ht*"> //以所有.ht开头进行模式匹配不能进行访问
Require all denied
</Files>
ErrorLog "logs/error_log" //错误日志的设定
LogLevel warn //日志级别
<IfModule log_config_module>
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined //日志格式规定
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common //日志格式规定
<IfModule logio_module>
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio //日志格式规定
</IfModule>
CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined //访问日志
</IfModule>
<IfModule alias_module>
# Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path //给路径设置别名 意味着访问http://Server_ip/webpath时,其页面文件来自于/full/filesystem/path中
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" //脚本路径的别名
</IfModule>
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
AllowOverride None
Options None
Require all granted
</Directory>
<IfModule mime_module>
TypesConfig /etc/mime.types //支持哪些非二进制文件
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType text/html .shtml
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 //默认字符集
#EnableMMAP off //线程模式
EnableSendfile on //开启进程模式(默认)
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf //包含辅助配置文件目录下的所有以.conf结尾的文件(/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf)
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