python爬虫—requests库的用法-优快云博客

python爬虫—requests库的用法
总结：get、post等用法…

import requests
req = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com/?tn=15007414_8_dg")
req = requests.post("https://www.baidu.com/?tn=15007414_8_dg")
req = requests.put("https://www.baidu.com/?tn=15007414_8_dg")
req = requests.delete("https://www.baidu.com/?tn=15007414_8_dg")
req = requests.head("https://www.baidu.com/?tn=15007414_8_dg")
req = requests.options("https://www.baidu.com/?tn=15007414_8_dg")

get请求

import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com/s"
params = {"wd":'篮球'}
response = requests.get(url,params = params)#传个字典不用格式
print(response.url)
response.encoding = "utf-8"
html = response.text
print(html)

post请求，参数是字典，也可以传输json参数

import requests
from fake_useragent import UserAgent

url = "https://jwmis.ncwu.edu.cn/hsjw/cas/login.action"
headers = {
    "User-Agent":UserAgent().firefox
}
formdata  = {
    "user":"******",
    "password":"******  "
}
response = requests.post(url,data=formdata,headers =headers)
response.encoding = "utf-8"
html = response.text
print(html)

自定义请求头部，伪装请求头是采集术静静常用的，我们可用这个方法去隐藏

import requests
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
headers = {"User-Agent":UserAgent().firefox}
r = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com",headers =headers)
print(r.request.headers["User-Agent"])

设置超时时间

import requests
requests.get("https://www.baidu.com/index.php?tn=monline_3_dg",timeout = 0.001)

代理访问

import requests


proxies = {
    "http":"http://122.9.101.6:8888",
    "https":"https://61.157.206.174:37259"
    "http":"http:user:password@//122.9.101.6:8888"#需要账户密码
}

requests.get("https://www.baidu.com/",proxies = proxies)

session 自动保存cookies\seesion的意思是操持一个对话，比如登陆后续继续操作（记录身份信息），而requests的请求，身份信息不会被记录

import requests

s = requests.Session()
#用session对象发出get请求，设置cookies
print(s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789"))

ssl验证，禁用安全请求警告

import requests
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
headers = {
    'User-Agent':UserAgent().firefox
}

url = "https://www.baidu.com/index.php?tn=monline_3_dg"
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()#关闭安全请求的警告
response = requests.get(url,verify = False,headers =headers)
print(response)

获取响应信息
“”""
resp.json() 获取相应内容以json为例
resp.text 获取响应内容以字符串形式
resp.content 获取响应内容（以字节的形式）
resp.headers 获取响应头内容
resp.url 获取访问地址
resp.encoding 获取网页编码
resp.request.headers 请求头内容
resp.cookie 获取cookie

“”"