[Codeforces 938.D] Buy a Ticket(图论,最短路)

本文介绍了一种解决多源最短路径问题的方法,通过构建虚拟节点和使用Dijkstra算法来计算从每个城市出发参加音乐会并返回所需的最小费用。

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题目

D. Buy a Ticket

time limit per test2 seconds
memory limit per test256 megabytes
input standard input
output standard output

Musicians of a popular band “Flayer” have announced that they are going to “make their exit” with a world tour. Of course, they will visit Berland as well.
There are n cities in Berland. People can travel between cities using two-directional train routes; there are exactly m routes, i-th route can be used to go from city vi to city ui (and from ui to vi), and it costs wi coins to use this route.
Each city will be visited by “Flayer”, and the cost of the concert ticket in i-th city is ai coins.
You have friends in every city of Berland, and they, knowing about your programming skills, asked you to calculate the minimum possible number of coins they have to pay to visit the concert. For every city i you have to compute the minimum number of coins a person from city i has to spend to travel to some city j (or possibly stay in city i), attend a concert there, and return to city i (if j ≠ i).
Formally, for every you have to calculate , where d(i, j) is the minimum number of coins you have to spend to travel from city i to city j. If there is no way to reach city j from city i, then we consider d(i, j) to be infinitely large.

Input

The first line contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 2·10^5, 1 ≤ m ≤ 2·10^5).
Then m lines follow, i-th contains three integers vi, ui and wi (1 ≤ vi, ui ≤ n, vi ≠ ui, 1 ≤ wi ≤ 10^12) denoting i-th train route. There are no multiple train routes connecting the same pair of cities, that is, for each (v, u) neither extra (v, u) nor (u, v) present in input.
The next line contains n integers a1, a2, … ak (1 ≤ ai ≤ 10^12) — price to attend the concert in i-th city.

Output

Print n integers. i-th of them must be equal to the minimum number of coins a person from city i has to spend to travel to some city j (or possibly stay in city i), attend a concert there, and return to city i (if j ≠ i).

Examples

inputoutput
4 2
1 2 4
2 3 7
6 20 1 25
6 14 1 25
3 3
1 2 1
2 3 1
1 3 1
30 10 20
12 10 12

解题思路

看起来好像是多源的最短路,但floyd肯定TLE啊
不过,如果我们设一个虚拟节点n+1n+1并从它向点ii连长度为ai的边,就完成了点权向边权的转化;再把原边权扩倍(注意题目中去了要回),发现点n+1n+1到每个点的最短路就是答案了!
当然,实际操作中并不需要建立虚拟节点,只需要在做dijkstra之前将每个点的dis[i]dis[i]赋为aiai即可。
另外,这道题要卡spfa,所以还是写堆优化dijkstra吧!


Code

#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
#include<queue>

#define mp(x, y) make_pair(x, y)

using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;
typedef pair<LL, int> pLi;
const int N = 200005;

struct Edge{
    int nxt, to;
    LL dis;
}edge[N<<1];
int head[N], edgeNum;
void addEdge(int from, int to, LL dis){
    edge[++edgeNum].nxt = head[from];
    edge[edgeNum].to = to;
    edge[edgeNum].dis = dis;
    head[from] = edgeNum;
}

int n, m, u, v;
LL w;

LL dis[N];
bool vis[N];
void dijkstra(){
    priority_queue< pLi, vector<pLi>, greater<pLi> > q;
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        q.push(mp(dis[i], i));
    while(!q.empty()){
        pLi cur = q.top(); q.pop();
        if(vis[cur.second]) continue;
        vis[cur.second] = 1;
        for(int i = head[cur.second]; i; i = edge[i].nxt){
            if(dis[edge[i].to] > dis[cur.second] + edge[i].dis){
                dis[edge[i].to] = dis[cur.second] + edge[i].dis;
                q.push(mp(dis[edge[i].to], edge[i].to));
            }
        }
    }
}

int main(){
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++){
        scanf("%d%d%lld", &u, &v, &w);
        addEdge(u, v, (w<<1));
        addEdge(v, u, (w<<1));
    }
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        scanf("%lld", &dis[i]), vis[i] = 0;
    dijkstra();
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        printf("%lld ", dis[i]);
    return 0;
}
### Codeforces Div.2 比赛难度介绍 Codeforces Div.2 比赛主要面向的是具有基础编程技能到中级水平的选手。这类比赛通常吸引了大量来自全球不同背景的参赛者,包括大学生、高中生以及一些专业人士。 #### 参加资格 为了参加 Div.2 比赛,选手的评级应不超过 2099 分[^1]。这意味着该级别的竞赛适合那些已经掌握了一定算法知识并能熟练运用至少一种编程语言的人群参与挑战。 #### 题目设置 每 Div.2 比赛一般会提供五至七道题目,在某些特殊情况下可能会更多或更少。这些题目按照预计解决难度递增排列: - **简单题(A, B 类型)**: 主要测试基本的数据结构操作和常见算法的应用能力;例如数组处理、字符串匹配等。 - **中等偏难题(C, D 类型)**: 开始涉及较为复杂的逻辑推理能力和特定领域内的高级技巧;比如图论中的短路径计算或是动态规划入门应用实例。 - **高难度题(E及以上类型)**: 对于这些问题,则更加侧重考察深入理解复杂概念的能力,并能够灵活组合多种方法来解决问题;这往往需要较强的创造力与丰富的实践经验支持。 对于新手来说,建议先专注于理解和练习前几类较容易的问题,随着经验积累和技术提升再逐步尝试更高层次的任务。 ```cpp // 示例代码展示如何判断一个数是否为偶数 #include <iostream> using namespace std; bool is_even(int num){ return num % 2 == 0; } int main(){ int number = 4; // 测试数据 if(is_even(number)){ cout << "The given number is even."; }else{ cout << "The given number is odd."; } } ```
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