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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-05 16:28:44 发布

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本文介绍了解决 Android 6.0 之后版本中动态权限申请的方法。提供了一个 PermissionUtils 工具类，用于简化权限申请流程，并展示了如何在 Activity 中调用这些方法来请求不同类型的权限。

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AndroidStudio在AndroidManifest.xml添加权限后，没有生效的问题

本Markdown编辑器使用[StackEdit][6]修改而来，用它写博客，将会带来全新的体验哦：

最近用AndroidStudio练手写一个小demo，读取本地的图片显示到UI界面，自己的AndroidStudio更新到了2.2.3，SDK更新到了25。本来AndroidStudio不是很熟，就默认的的创建一个工程。按照之前用eclipse的习惯简单的写了几行读取和展示的代码。结果报了拒绝访问的错误：
Unable to decode stream: java.io.FileNotFoundException: /storage/emulated/0/MagazineUnlock/blues-13-2.3.001-bigpicture_13_1.jpg: open failed: EACCES (Permission denied)

然后我用同样的代码在eclipse上跑了一遍，结果很正常。我就郁闷了。然后上网百度了一下，竟然是踩android6.0以后权限要动态申请。具体可以百度搜一下android6.0哪些权限要动态申请，也可以参考http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lmj623565791/article/details/50709663；
那么怎么解决的：
办法一：
这里写图片描述
方法二：
写一个PermissionUtils的工具方法；参考：http://www.jianshu.com/p/a51593817825；
package com.lizi.huangjunjie.getpic02;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
* Created by huangjunjie on 2016/12/13.
*/

public class PermissionUtils {
private static final String TAG = PermissionUtils.class.getSimpleName();
public static final int CODE_RECORD_AUDIO = 0;
public static final int CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS = 1;
public static final int CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE = 2;
public static final int CODE_CALL_PHONE = 3;
public static final int CODE_CAMERA = 4;
public static final int CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 5;
public static final int CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = 6;
public static final int CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 7;
public static final int CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 8;
public static final int CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION = 100;

public static final String PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO = Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO;
public static final String PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS = Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS;
public static final String PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE = Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE;
public static final String PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE = Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE;
public static final String PERMISSION_CAMERA = Manifest.permission.CAMERA;
public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION;
public static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION;
public static final String PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;
public static final String PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE;

private static final String[] requestPermissions = {
        PERMISSION_RECORD_AUDIO,
        PERMISSION_GET_ACCOUNTS,
        PERMISSION_READ_PHONE_STATE,
        PERMISSION_CALL_PHONE,
        PERMISSION_CAMERA,
        PERMISSION_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
        PERMISSION_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
        PERMISSION_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
        PERMISSION_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
};

interface PermissionGrant {
    void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode);
}

/**
 * Requests permission.
 *
 * @param activity
 * @param requestCode request code, e.g. if you need request CAMERA permission,parameters is PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA
 */
public static void requestPermission(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {
    if (activity == null) {
        return;
    }

    Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission requestCode:" + requestCode);
    if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) {
        Log.w(TAG, "requestPermission illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
        return;
    }

    final String requestPermission = requestPermissions[requestCode];

    //如果是6.0以下的手机，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission()会始终等于PERMISSION_GRANTED，
    // 但是，如果用户关闭了你申请的权限，ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(),会导致程序崩溃(java.lang.RuntimeException: Unknown exception code: 1 msg null)，
    // 你可以使用try{}catch(){},处理异常，也可以在这个地方，低于23就什么都不做，
    // 个人建议try{}catch(){}单独处理，提示用户开启权限。

// if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23) {
// return;
// }

    int checkSelfPermission;
    try {
        checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission);
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
        Toast.makeText(activity, "please open this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                .show();
        Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage());
        return;
    }

    if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        Log.i(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED");


        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) {
            Log.i(TAG, "requestPermission shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale");
            shouldShowRationale(activity, requestCode, requestPermission);

        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, "requestCameraPermission else");
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, new String[]{requestPermission}, requestCode);
        }

    } else {
        Log.d(TAG, "ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission ==== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED");
        Toast.makeText(activity, "opened:" + requestPermissions[requestCode], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);
    }
}

private static void requestMultiResult(Activity activity, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {

    if (activity == null) {
        return;
    }

    //TODO
    Log.d(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult permissions length:" + permissions.length);
    Map<String, Integer> perms = new HashMap<>();

    ArrayList<String> notGranted = new ArrayList<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
        Log.d(TAG, "permissions: [i]:" + i + ", permissions[i]" + permissions[i] + ",grantResults[i]:" + grantResults[i]);
        perms.put(permissions[i], grantResults[i]);
        if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            notGranted.add(permissions[i]);
        }
    }

    if (notGranted.size() == 0) {
        Toast.makeText(activity, "all permission success" + notGranted, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                .show();
        permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
    } else {
        openSettingActivity(activity, "those permission need granted!");
    }

}


/**
 * 一次申请多个权限
 */
public static void requestMultiPermissions(final Activity activity, PermissionGrant grant) {

    final List<String> permissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity, false);
    final List<String> shouldRationalePermissionsList = getNoGrantedPermission(activity, true);

    //TODO checkSelfPermission
    if (permissionsList == null || shouldRationalePermissionsList == null) {
        return;
    }
    Log.d(TAG, "requestMultiPermissions permissionsList:" + permissionsList.size() + ",shouldRationalePermissionsList:" + shouldRationalePermissionsList.size());

    if (permissionsList.size() > 0) {
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]),
                CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
        Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions");

    } else if (shouldRationalePermissionsList.size() > 0) {
        showMessageOKCancel(activity, "should open those permission",
                new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, shouldRationalePermissionsList.toArray(new String[shouldRationalePermissionsList.size()]),
                                CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
                        Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions");
                    }
                });
    } else {
        grant.onPermissionGranted(CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION);
    }

}


private static void shouldShowRationale(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, final String requestPermission) {
    //TODO
    String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
    showMessageOKCancel(activity, "Rationale: " + permissionsHint[requestCode], new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,
                    new String[]{requestPermission},
                    requestCode);
            Log.d(TAG, "showMessageOKCancel requestPermissions:" + requestPermission);
        }
    });
}

private static void showMessageOKCancel(final Activity context, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener okListener) {
    new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
            .setMessage(message)
            .setPositiveButton("OK", okListener)
            .setNegativeButton("Cancel", null)
            .create()
            .show();

}

/**
 * @param activity
 * @param requestCode  Need consistent with requestPermission
 * @param permissions
 * @param grantResults
 */
public static void requestPermissionsResult(final Activity activity, final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                            @NonNull int[] grantResults, PermissionGrant permissionGrant) {

    if (activity == null) {
        return;
    }
    Log.d(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode);

    if (requestCode == CODE_MULTI_PERMISSION) {
        requestMultiResult(activity, permissions, grantResults, permissionGrant);
        return;
    }

    if (requestCode < 0 || requestCode >= requestPermissions.length) {
        Log.w(TAG, "requestPermissionsResult illegal requestCode:" + requestCode);
        Toast.makeText(activity, "illegal requestCode:" + requestCode, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        return;
    }

    Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult requestCode:" + requestCode + ",permissions:" + permissions.toString()
            + ",grantResults:" + grantResults.toString() + ",length:" + grantResults.length);

    if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult PERMISSION_GRANTED");
        //TODO success, do something, can use callback
        permissionGrant.onPermissionGranted(requestCode);

    } else {
        //TODO hint user this permission function
        Log.i(TAG, "onRequestPermissionsResult PERMISSION NOT GRANTED");
        //TODO
        String[] permissionsHint = activity.getResources().getStringArray(R.array.permissions);
        openSettingActivity(activity, "Result" + permissionsHint[requestCode]);
    }

}

private static void openSettingActivity(final Activity activity, String message) {

    showMessageOKCancel(activity, message, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
            Log.d(TAG, "getPackageName(): " + activity.getPackageName());
            Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", activity.getPackageName(), null);
            intent.setData(uri);
            activity.startActivity(intent);
        }
    });
}


/**
 * @param activity
 * @param isShouldRationale true: return no granted and shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale permissions, false:return no granted and !shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale
 * @return
 */
public static ArrayList<String> getNoGrantedPermission(Activity activity, boolean isShouldRationale) {

    ArrayList<String> permissions = new ArrayList<>();

    for (int i = 0; i < requestPermissions.length; i++) {
        String requestPermission = requestPermissions[i];


        //TODO checkSelfPermission
        int checkSelfPermission = -1;
        try {
            checkSelfPermission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, requestPermission);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            Toast.makeText(activity, "please open those permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                    .show();
            Log.e(TAG, "RuntimeException:" + e.getMessage());
            return null;
        }

        if (checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Log.i(TAG, "getNoGrantedPermission ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED:" + requestPermission);

            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, requestPermission)) {
                Log.d(TAG, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale if");
                if (isShouldRationale) {
                    permissions.add(requestPermission);
                }

            } else {

                if (!isShouldRationale) {
                    permissions.add(requestPermission);
                }
                Log.d(TAG, "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale else");
            }

        }
    }

    return permissions;
}

}
然后再你的调用activity里调用：
public void showCamera(View view) {
Log.i(TAG, “Show camera button pressed. Checking permission.”);
PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA, mPermissionGrant);
}

public void getAccounts(View view) {
    PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS, mPermissionGrant);
}

public void callPhone(View view) {
    PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE, mPermissionGrant);
}

public void readPhoneState(View view) {
    PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE, mPermissionGrant);
}

public void accessFineLocation(View view) {
    PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant);
}

public void accessCoarseLocation(View view) {
    PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, mPermissionGrant);
}

public void readExternalStorage(View view) {
    PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant);
}

public void writeExternalStorage(View view) {
    PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, mPermissionGrant);
}

public void recordAudio(View view) {
    PermissionUtils.requestPermission(this, PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO, mPermissionGrant);
}


private PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant mPermissionGrant = new PermissionUtils.PermissionGrant() {
    @Override
    public void onPermissionGranted(int requestCode) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case PermissionUtils.CODE_RECORD_AUDIO:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_RECORD_AUDIO", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case PermissionUtils.CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_GET_ACCOUNTS", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_PHONE_STATE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case PermissionUtils.CODE_CALL_PHONE:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CALL_PHONE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case PermissionUtils.CODE_CAMERA:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_CAMERA", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case PermissionUtils.CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case PermissionUtils.CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case PermissionUtils.CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result Permission Grant CODE_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
};

/**
 * Callback received when a permissions request has been completed.
 */
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(final int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                       @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    PermissionUtils.requestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults, mPermissionGrant);
}

比如我的是通过button调用的就在button的单击事件前，调用下面2个方法：
readExternalStorage(button);
writeExternalStorage(button);

然后跑一下就可以了。

参考资料：http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lmj623565791/article/details/50709663；
http://www.jianshu.com/p/a51593817825；