当我们在串口的控制台上输入一个命令,要么提示不能识别的命令,要么就会打印某些东西(执行)。这些命令是怎么实现的?
使用命令的步骤:
1,输入字符串,对应某些命令名。
2,执行。
显然,在程序里面是根据这些命令,找到对应的函数,然后执行相应的函数;在在u-boot不会只有一个结构体,这些命令肯定会有一个结构体,结构体中包括:名字、函数;根据输入的命令到这个结构体链中一一比较,然后执行;
先看一下run_command的实现,它的代码如下:
int run_command (const char *cmd, int flag)
{
cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp;
char cmdbuf[CFG_CBSIZE]; /* working copy of cmd */
char *token; /* start of token in cmdbuf */
char *sep; /* end of token (separator) in cmdbuf */
char finaltoken[CFG_CBSIZE];
char *str = cmdbuf;
char *argv[CFG_MAXARGS + 1]; /* NULL terminated */
int argc, inquotes;
int repeatable = 1;
int rc = 0;
#ifdef DEBUG_PARSER
printf ("[RUN_COMMAND] cmd[%p]=\"", cmd);
puts (cmd ? cmd : "NULL"); /* use puts - string may be loooong */
puts ("\"\n");
#endif
clear_ctrlc(); /* forget any previous Control C */
if (!cmd || !*cmd) {
return -1; /* empty command */
}
if (strlen(cmd) >= CFG_CBSIZE) {
puts ("## Command too long!\n");
return -1;
}
strcpy (cmdbuf, cmd);
/* Process separators and check for invalid
* repeatable commands
*/
#ifdef DEBUG_PARSER
printf ("[PROCESS_SEPARATORS] %s\n", cmd);
#endif
while (*str) {
/*
* Find separator, or string end
* Allow simple escape of ';' by writing "\;"
*/
//解析输入命令里面的符号
for (inquotes = 0, sep = str; *sep; sep++) {
if ((*sep=='\'') &&
(*(sep-1) != '\\'))
inquotes=!inquotes;
if (!inquotes &&
(*sep == ';') && /* separator */
( sep != str) && /* past string start */
(*(sep-1) != '\\')) /* and NOT escaped */
break;
}
/*
* Limit the token to data between separators
*/
token = str;
if (*sep) {
str = sep + 1; /* start of command for next pass */
*sep = '\0';
}
else
str = sep; /* no more commands for next pass */
#ifdef DEBUG_PARSER
printf ("token: \"%s\"\n", token);
#endif
/* find macros in this token and replace them */
//处理宏
process_macros (token, finaltoken);
/* Extract arguments */
//解析里面的文字,提取参数
if ((argc = parse_line (finaltoken, argv)) == 0) {
rc = -1; /* no command at all */
continue;
}
/* Look up command in command table */
//根据命令的名字查找命令
if ((cmdtp = find_cmd(argv[0])) == NULL) {
printf ("Unknown command '%s' - try 'help'\n", argv[0]);
rc = -1; /* give up after bad command */
continue;
}
/* found - check max args */
if (argc > cmdtp->maxargs) {
printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
rc = -1;
continue;
}
#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_BOOTD)
/* avoid "bootd" recursion */
if (cmdtp->cmd == do_bootd) {
#ifdef DEBUG_PARSER
printf ("[%s]\n", finaltoken);
#endif
if (flag & CMD_FLAG_BOOTD) {
puts ("'bootd' recursion detected\n");
rc = -1;
continue;
} else {
flag |= CMD_FLAG_BOOTD;
}
}
#endif /* CFG_CMD_BOOTD */
/* OK - call function to do the command */
if ((cmdtp->cmd) (cmdtp, flag, argc, argv) != 0) {
rc = -1;
}
repeatable &= cmdtp->repeatable;
/* Did the user stop this? */
if (had_ctrlc ())
return 0; /* if stopped then not repeatable */
}
return rc ? rc : repeatable;
}
这段代码中调用了find_cmd函数查找命令对应的函数,find_cmd函数如下:
/***************************************************************************
* find command table entry for a command
*/
cmd_tbl_t *find_cmd (const char *cmd)
{
cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp;
cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp_temp = &__u_boot_cmd_start; /*Init value */
const char *p;
int len;
int n_found = 0;
/*
* Some commands allow length modifiers (like "cp.b");
* compare command name only until first dot.
*/
len = ((p = strchr(cmd, '.')) == NULL) ? strlen (cmd) : (p - cmd);
/*
* __u_boot_cmd_start,__u_boot_cmd_end这两个变量是在链接脚本里面
*
**/
for (cmdtp = &__u_boot_cmd_start;
cmdtp != &__u_boot_cmd_end;
cmdtp++) {
/*
* 比较名字
**/
if (strncmp (cmd, cmdtp->name, len) == 0) {
if (len == strlen (cmdtp->name))
return cmdtp; /* full match 返回结构体*/
cmdtp_temp = cmdtp; /* abbreviated command ? 指向下一个,继续往下找*/
n_found++;
}
}
if (n_found == 1) { /* exactly one match */
return cmdtp_temp;
}
return NULL; /* not found or ambiguous command */
}
命令对应的结构体代码如下:
struct cmd_tbl_s {
char *name; /* Command Name */
int maxargs; /* maximum number of arguments */
int repeatable; /* autorepeat allowed? */
/* Implementation function */
int (*cmd)(struct cmd_tbl_s *, int, int, char *[]);
char *usage; /* Usage message (short) */
#ifdef CFG_LONGHELP
char *help; /* Help message (long) */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE
/* do auto completion on the arguments */
int (*complete)(int argc, char *argv[], char last_char, int maxv, char *cmdv[]);
#endif
};
这个命令结构体包含了命令名、帮助信息、执行函数,其中cmd就是一个函数指针;
实践操作
如何在u-boot里面自定义一个hello命令?
1,首先我们在u-boot的common目录下增加一个cmd_hello.c文件 。
参照其他命令的书写方式,代码如下 :
#include <image.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <u-boot/zlib.h>
#include <bzlib.h>
#include <environment.h>
#include <lmb.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <asm/byteorder.h>
int do_hello (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i = 0;
printf("hello,Lover!!!\nthe argcs are \n");
for(i = 0 ; i<argc ; i++)
printf("argv[%d]: %s\n",i,argv[i]);
return 0;
}
U_BOOT_CMD(
hello, CONFIG_SYS_MAXARGS, 1, do_hello,
"This is a user defined command hello,Lover!!!",
"hello,long help ......\n"
);
2, 修改common下面的makefile文件,告诉U-Boot编译我们自定义的C文件
参考Makefile中其他文件的定义,加入一句
COBJS-y += cmd_hello.o
3,重新make编译 u-boot