java 实现二维码的生成与解析

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-02-25 00:43:08 发布 428 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

java实现二维码-使用QR Code方式生成和解析二维码 Java实现二维码的几种方式！ 1、下载压缩包：生成：http://www.swetake.com/qrcode/index-e.jtml 读取：https://osdn.jp/projects/qrcode/ 2、创建项目，将两个解压后的文件夹里的lib下的jar包都放在项目中。 3、创建类。阅读详情

简单介绍下二维码：二维码其实就是一种编码技术，只是这种编码技术是用在图片上了，将给定的一些文字，数字转换为一张经过特定编码的图片，而解析二维码则相反，就是将一张经过编码的图片解析为数字或者文字。

创建好maven项目后，在项目的pom.xml中添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
    <artifactId>core</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.0</version>
</dependency>

第一个类：谷歌提供的帮助类

package com.yc.qrcode;
 
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
 
public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
 
	private final BufferedImage image;
	private final int left;
	private final int top;
 
	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
		this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
	}
 
	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
		super(width, height);
 
		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
		if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
		}
 
		for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
			for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
				if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
					image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
				}
			}
		}
 
		this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
		this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
		this.left = left;
		this.top = top;
	}
 
	public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {
		if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
		}
		int width = getWidth();
		if (row == null || row.length < width) {
			row = new byte[width];
		}
		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
		return row;
	}
 
	public byte[] getMatrix() {
		int width = getWidth();
		int height = getHeight();
		int area = width * height;
		byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
		return matrix;
	}
 
	public boolean isCropSupported() {
		return true;
	}
 
	public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height);
	}
 
	public boolean isRotateSupported() {
		return true;
	}
 
	public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {
		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
		AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
		BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
		Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
		g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
		g.dispose();
		int width = getWidth();
		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
	}
 
}

第二个类：二维码实现

package com.yc.qrcode;
 
import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
 
public class QRCodeUtil {
	private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
	private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
	// 二维码尺寸
	private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
	// LOGO宽度
	private static final int WIDTH = 60;
	// LOGO高度
	private static final int HEIGHT = 60;
 
	private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
		BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE,
				hints);
		int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
		int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
			for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
				image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
			}
		}
		if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
			return image;
		}
		// 插入图片
		QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
		return image;
	}
 
	private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		File file = new File(imgPath);
		if (!file.exists()) {
			System.err.println("" + imgPath + "   该文件不存在！");
			return;
		}
		Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
		int width = src.getWidth(null);
		int height = src.getHeight(null);
		if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO
			if (width > WIDTH) {
				width = WIDTH;
			}
			if (height > HEIGHT) {
				height = HEIGHT;
			}
			Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
			BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
			Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
			g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
			g.dispose();
			src = image;
		}
		// 插入LOGO
		Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
		int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
		int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
		graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
		Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
		graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
		graph.draw(shape);
		graph.dispose();
	}
 
	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
		mkdirs(destPath);
		// String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
		// ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath));
	}
 
	public static BufferedImage encode(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
		return image;
	}
 
	public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
		File file = new File(destPath);
		// 当文件夹不存在时，mkdirs会自动创建多层目录，区别于mkdir．(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
		if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
			file.mkdirs();
		}
	}
 
	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath) throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
	}
	// 被注释的方法
	/*
	 * public static void encode(String content, String destPath, boolean
	 * needCompress) throws Exception { QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath,
	 * needCompress); }
	 */
 
	public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
	}
 
	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, OutputStream output, boolean needCompress)
			throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
	}
 
	public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output) throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
	}
 
	public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image;
		image = ImageIO.read(file);
		if (image == null) {
			return null;
		}
		BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
		BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
		Result result;
		Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
		hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
		result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
		String resultStr = result.getText();
		return resultStr;
	}
 
	public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
		return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
	}
 
}

主类：

package com.yc.qrcode;
 
public class QrCodeTest {
 
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// 存放在二维码中的内容
		String text = "我是小铭";
		// 嵌入二维码的图片路径
		String imgPath = "G:/qrCode/dog.jpg";
		// 生成的二维码的路径及名称
		String destPath = "G:/qrCode/qrcode/jam.jpg";
		//生成二维码
		QRCodeUtil.encode(text, imgPath, destPath, true);
		// 解析二维码
		String str = QRCodeUtil.decode(destPath);
		// 打印出解析出的内容
		System.out.println(str);
 
	}
 
}

二维码存的信息越多，二维码图片也就越复杂，容错率也就越低，识别率也越低，

并且二维码能存的内容大小也是有限的（大概500个汉字左右）。

OK，到此，我们二维码的生成与解析技术分享到此告一段落，

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