【C&C++ Tip 01】#define, __cplusplus, extern "C"

本文介绍了C++中的#define预处理指令,包括防止头文件重复引用、宏定义常量、连接操作符##、类型转换以及在Linux中安全的min宏定义。还讲解了__cplusplus宏的作用,用于识别C++代码,并讨论了extern "C"在C++中调用C库的用法,以保持函数名的兼容性。

注:基础知识学习积累所用,参考网上资料,后续扩展。


【定义】#define是预处理指令,在编译预处理时进行简单的文本替换,不做类型检查。
【格式】#define KEY value, 编译会把所有KEY文本替换为value.
【目的】1. #ifndef和 #define组合,一般用于头文件中,用以实现防止多个文件对此同一个头文件的重复引用。
#ifndef <标识>
#define <标识>
……
// include or define sth.
……
#endif

2.#ifdef和 #define组合,可以实现加入自己需要的模块(源文件).
#ifdef MYSELF_H
#include “myself.c”
#endif

3.#define可以进行宏定义常量
可以对一些常见的变量,字符串等,进行宏定义,系统在编译期间,就会自动替换。


1. #define只带一个参数(例#define JDK_1.4)

定义宏,并在预处理过程中将其替换为空字符串(即删除),表示已定义JDK_1.4, 通过#ifdef判断返回true。
这样做主要是为了标记某些内容,使程序阅读者能够清楚标记表明的意义,同时又不影响被编译的源代码。
通常这些标记能被条件编译的预处理命令#ifdef、#ifndef检测到, 可在别处引用该文件进,用此空的宏作条件判断。

2. #define Conn(x,y) x##y

x##y, 表示x连接y,举例说:
int n = Conn(123, 456); 结果就是n=123456;
char* str = Conn(“asdf”, “adf”)结果就是 str = “asdfadf”;
如#define A(x) T_##x == A(1)——>T_1

/** ****************************************************************************** * @file stm32f1xx.h * @author MCD Application Team * @brief CMSIS STM32F1xx Device Peripheral Access Layer Header File. * * The file is the unique include file that the application programmer * is using in the C source code, usually in main.c. This file contains: * - Configuration section that allows to select: * - The STM32F1xx device used in the target application * - To use or not the peripheral's drivers in application code(i.e. * code will be based on direct access to peripheral's registers * rather than drivers API), this option is controlled by * "#define USE_HAL_DRIVER" * ****************************************************************************** * @attention * * Copyright (c) 2017-2021 STMicroelectronics. * All rights reserved. * * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file * in the root directory of this software component. * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS. * ****************************************************************************** */ /** @addtogroup CMSIS * @{ */ /** @addtogroup stm32f1xx * @{ */ #define STM32F103x8//(实际改成6) #ifndef __STM32F1XX_H #define __STM32F1XX_H #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif /* __cplusplus */ /** @addtogroup Library_configuration_section * @{ */ /** * @brief STM32 Family */ #if !defined (STM32F1) #define STM32F1 #endif /* STM32F1 */ /* Uncomment the line below according to the target STM32L device used in your application */ #if !defined (STM32F100xB) && !defined (STM32F100xE) && !defined (STM32F101x6) && \ !defined (STM32F101xB) && !defined (STM32F101xE) && !defined (STM32F101xG) && !defined (STM32F102x6) && !defined (STM32F102xB) && !defined (STM32F103x6) && \ !defined (STM32F103xB) && !defined (STM32F103xE) && !defined (STM32F103xG) && !defined (STM32F105xC) && !defined (STM32F107xC) /* #define STM32F100xB */ /*!< STM32F100C4, STM32F100R4, STM32F100C6, STM32F100R6, STM32F100C8, STM32F100R8, STM32F100V8, STM32F100CB, STM32F100RB and STM32F100VB */ /* #define STM32F100xE */ /*!< STM32F100RC, STM32F100VC, STM32F100ZC, STM32F100RD, STM32F100VD, STM32F100ZD, STM32F100RE, STM32F100VE and STM32F100ZE */ /* #define STM32F101x6 */ /*!< STM32F101C4, STM32F101R4, STM32F101T4, STM32F101C6, STM32F101R6 and STM32F101T6 Devices */ /* #define STM32F101xB */ /*!< STM32F101C8, STM32F101R8, STM32F101T8, STM32F101V8, STM32F101CB, STM32F101RB, STM32F101TB and STM32F101VB */ /* #define STM32F101xE */ /*!< STM32F101RC, STM32F101VC, STM32F101ZC, STM32F101RD, STM32F101VD, STM32F101ZD, STM32F101RE, STM32F101VE and STM32F101ZE */ /* #define STM32F101xG */ /*!< STM32F101RF, STM32F101VF, STM32F101ZF, STM32F101RG, STM32F101VG and STM32F101ZG */ /* #define STM32F102x6 */ /*!< STM32F102C4, STM32F102R4, STM32F102C6 and STM32F102R6 */ /* #define STM32F102xB */ /*!< STM32F102C8, STM32F102R8, STM32F102CB and STM32F102RB */ /* #define STM32F103x6 */ /*!< STM32F103C4, STM32F103R4, STM32F103T4, STM32F103C6, STM32F103R6 and STM32F103T6 */ /* #define STM32F103xB */ /*!< STM32F103C8, STM32F103R8, STM32F103T8, STM32F103V8, STM32F103CB, STM32F103RB, STM32F103TB and STM32F103VB */ /* #define STM32F103xE */ /*!< STM32F103RC, STM32F103VC, STM32F103ZC, STM32F103RD, STM32F103VD, STM32F103ZD, STM32F103RE, STM32F103VE and STM32F103ZE */ /* #define STM32F103xG */ /*!< STM32F103RF, STM32F103VF, STM32F103ZF, STM32F103RG, STM32F103VG and STM32F103ZG */ /* #define STM32F105xC */ /*!< STM32F105R8, STM32F105V8, STM32F105RB, STM32F105VB, STM32F105RC and STM32F105VC */ /* #define STM32F107xC */ /*!< STM32F107RB, STM32F107VB, STM32F107RC and STM32F107VC */ #endif /* Tip: To avoid modifying this file each time you need to switch between these devices, you can define the device in your toolchain compiler preprocessor. */ #if !defined (USE_HAL_DRIVER) /** * @brief Comment the line below if you will not use the peripherals drivers. In this case, these drivers will not be included and the application code will be based on direct access to peripherals registers */ /*#define USE_HAL_DRIVER */ #endif /* USE_HAL_DRIVER */ /** * @brief CMSIS Device version number */ #define __STM32F1_CMSIS_VERSION_MAIN (0x04) /*!< [31:24] main version */ #define __STM32F1_CMSIS_VERSION_SUB1 (0x03) /*!< [23:16] sub1 version */ #define __STM32F1_CMSIS_VERSION_SUB2 (0x04) /*!< [15:8] sub2 version */ #define __STM32F1_CMSIS_VERSION_RC (0x00) /*!< [7:0] release candidate */ #define __STM32F1_CMSIS_VERSION ((__STM32F1_CMSIS_VERSION_MAIN << 24)\ |(__STM32F1_CMSIS_VERSION_SUB1 << 16)\ |(__STM32F1_CMSIS_VERSION_SUB2 << 8 )\ |(__STM32F1_CMSIS_VERSION_RC)) /** * @} */ /** @addtogroup Device_Included * @{ */ #if defined(STM32F100xB) #include "stm32f100xb.h" #elif defined(STM32F100xE) #include "stm32f100xe.h" #elif defined(STM32F101x6) #include "stm32f101x6.h" #elif defined(STM32F101xB) #include "stm32f101xb.h" #elif defined(STM32F101xE) #include "stm32f101xe.h" #elif defined(STM32F101xG) #include "stm32f101xg.h" #elif defined(STM32F102x6) #include "stm32f102x6.h" #elif defined(STM32F102xB) #include "stm32f102xb.h" #elif defined(STM32F103x6) #include "stm32f103x6.h" #elif defined(STM32F103xB) #include "stm32f103xb.h" #elif defined(STM32F103xE) #include "stm32f103xe.h" #elif defined(STM32F103xG) #include "stm32f103xg.h" #elif defined(STM32F105xC) #include "stm32f105xc.h" #elif defined(STM32F107xC) #include "stm32f107xc.h" #else #error "Please select first the target STM32F1xx device used in your application (in stm32f1xx.h file)" #endif /** * @} */ /** @addtogroup Exported_types * @{ */ typedef enum { RESET = 0, SET = !RESET } FlagStatus, ITStatus; typedef enum { DISABLE = 0, ENABLE = !DISABLE } FunctionalState; #define IS_FUNCTIONAL_STATE(STATE) (((STATE) == DISABLE) || ((STATE) == ENABLE)) typedef enum { SUCCESS = 0U, ERROR = !SUCCESS } ErrorStatus; /** * @} */ /** @addtogroup Exported_macros * @{ */ #define SET_BIT(REG, BIT) ((REG) |= (BIT)) #define CLEAR_BIT(REG, BIT) ((REG) &= ~(BIT)) #define READ_BIT(REG, BIT) ((REG) & (BIT)) #define CLEAR_REG(REG) ((REG) = (0x0)) #define WRITE_REG(REG, VAL) ((REG) = (VAL)) #define READ_REG(REG) ((REG)) #define MODIFY_REG(REG, CLEARMASK, SETMASK) WRITE_REG((REG), (((READ_REG(REG)) & (~(CLEARMASK))) | (SETMASK))) #define POSITION_VAL(VAL) (__CLZ(__RBIT(VAL))) /* Use of CMSIS compiler intrinsics for register exclusive access */ /* Atomic 32-bit register access macro to set one or several bits */ #define ATOMIC_SET_BIT(REG, BIT) \ do { \ uint32_t val; \ do { \ val = __LDREXW((__IO uint32_t *)&(REG)) | (BIT); \ } while ((__STREXW(val,(__IO uint32_t *)&(REG))) != 0U); \ } while(0) /* Atomic 32-bit register access macro to clear one or several bits */ #define ATOMIC_CLEAR_BIT(REG, BIT) \ do { \ uint32_t val; \ do { \ val = __LDREXW((__IO uint32_t *)&(REG)) & ~(BIT); \ } while ((__STREXW(val,(__IO uint32_t *)&(REG))) != 0U); \ } while(0) /* Atomic 32-bit register access macro to clear and set one or several bits */ #define ATOMIC_MODIFY_REG(REG, CLEARMSK, SETMASK) \ do { \ uint32_t val; \ do { \ val = (__LDREXW((__IO uint32_t *)&(REG)) & ~(CLEARMSK)) | (SETMASK); \ } while ((__STREXW(val,(__IO uint32_t *)&(REG))) != 0U); \ } while(0) /* Atomic 16-bit register access macro to set one or several bits */ #define ATOMIC_SETH_BIT(REG, BIT) \ do { \ uint16_t val; \ do { \ val = __LDREXH((__IO uint16_t *)&(REG)) | (BIT); \ } while ((__STREXH(val,(__IO uint16_t *)&(REG))) != 0U); \ } while(0) /* Atomic 16-bit register access macro to clear one or several bits */ #define ATOMIC_CLEARH_BIT(REG, BIT) \ do { \ uint16_t val; \ do { \ val = __LDREXH((__IO uint16_t *)&(REG)) & ~(BIT); \ } while ((__STREXH(val,(__IO uint16_t *)&(REG))) != 0U); \ } while(0) /* Atomic 16-bit register access macro to clear and set one or several bits */ #define ATOMIC_MODIFYH_REG(REG, CLEARMSK, SETMASK) \ do { \ uint16_t val; \ do { \ val = (__LDREXH((__IO uint16_t *)&(REG)) & ~(CLEARMSK)) | (SETMASK); \ } while ((__STREXH(val,(__IO uint16_t *)&(REG))) != 0U); \ } while(0) /** * @} */ #if defined (USE_HAL_DRIVER) #include "stm32f1xx_hal.h" #endif /* USE_HAL_DRIVER */ #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif /* __cplusplus */ #endif /* __STM32F1xx_H */ /** * @} */ /** * @} */ stm32f1xx.h
最新发布
07-16
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