C++ 标准库中的 <regex>
头文件提供了正则表达式的功能,允许开发者使用一种非常灵活的方式来搜索、替换或分割字符串。正则表达式是一种强大的文本处理工具,广泛应用于数据验证、文本分析和模式匹配等领域。
正则表达式是一种使用单个字符串来描述、匹配一系列符合某个句法规则的字符串的模式。在 C++ 中,正则表达式通过 <regex>
库实现。
// <regex> -*- C++ -*-
// Copyright (C) 2007-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library. This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
/** @file include/regex
* This is a Standard C++ Library header.
*/
#ifndef _GLIBCXX_REGEX
#define _GLIBCXX_REGEX 1
#pragma GCC system_header
#if __cplusplus < 201103L
# include <bits/c++0x_warning.h>
#else
#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
# include <iosfwd>
#endif
#include <iterator>
#include <locale>
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <cstring>
#include <ext/aligned_buffer.h>
#include <bits/std_function.h>
#include <bits/regex_constants.h>
#include <bits/regex_error.h>
#include <bits/regex_automaton.h>
#include <bits/regex_scanner.h>
#include <bits/regex_compiler.h>
#include <bits/regex.h>
#include <bits/regex_executor.h>
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L && _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
#include <memory_resource>
namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
namespace pmr {
template<typename _Tp> class polymorphic_allocator;
template<typename _BidirectionalIterator>
using match_results
= std::match_results<_BidirectionalIterator, polymorphic_allocator<
sub_match<_BidirectionalIterator>>>;
using cmatch = match_results<const char*>;
using smatch = match_results<string::const_iterator>;
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
using wcmatch = match_results<const wchar_t*>;
using wsmatch = match_results<wstring::const_iterator>;
#endif
} // namespace pmr
_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace std
#endif // C++17
#endif // C++11
#endif // _GLIBCXX_REGEX
基本语法
正则表达式的基本组成
- 字符类:如
[abc]
表示匹配 a、b 或 c 中的任意一个字符。 - 量词:如
*
(零次或多次)、+
(一次或多次)、?
(零次或一次)。 - 边界匹配:如
^
(行的开始)、$
(行的结束)。 - 分组:使用圆括号
()
来创建一个分组。
C++ <regex>
库的主要类和函数
std::regex
:表示一个正则表达式对象。std::regex_match
:检查整个字符串是否与正则表达式匹配。std::regex_search
:在字符串中搜索与正则表达式匹配的部分。std::regex_replace
:替换字符串中与正则表达式匹配的部分。std::sregex_iterator
:迭代器,用于遍历所有匹配项。