警告accumulate and all-reduce gradients in fp32 for bfloat16 data type

部署运行你感兴趣的模型镜像

这条警告信息是关于分布式训练中的通信优化策略的,具体涉及流水线并行(Pipeline Parallelism)和点对点通信(P2P Communication)。以下是对这条警告的详细解释:

### **警告内容**
```
WARNING: Setting args.overlap_p2p_comm to False since non-interleaved schedule does not support overlapping p2p communication
```

#### **解释**
- **`WARNING`**:这是一个警告信息,表明虽然程序可以继续运行,但某些配置可能不是最优的,或者存在潜在问题。
- **`Setting args.overlap_p2p_comm to False`**:程序将 `args.overlap_p2p_comm` 参数设置为 `False`。
  - **`args.overlap_p2p_comm`**:这是一个布尔参数,用于控制是否启用点对点通信(P2P Communication)的重叠(Overlap)功能。
  - **`False`**:表示禁用了点对点通信的重叠功能。
- **`since non-interleaved schedule does not support overlapping p2p communication`**:原因是当前使用的调度策略是**非交错式调度(Non-Interleaved Schedule)**,而这种调度策略不支持点对点通信的重叠功能。

### **背景知识**
#### **1. 点对点通信(P2P Communication)**
在分布式训练中,点对点通信是指两个设备(如GPU)之间直接进行数据传输,而不是通过全局通信机制(如All-Reduce)。P2P通信通常用于流水线并行(Pipeline Parallelism),其中模型的不同部分在不同的设备上执行,数据在这些设备之间传递。

#### **2. 重叠通信(Overlap Communication)**
重叠通信是指在计算过程中同时进行通信操作,以隐藏通信延迟。例如,在一个设备进行前向传播(Forward Pass)的同时,另一个设备可以开始反向传播(Backward Pass)的通信。这种技术可以提高训练效率,减少设备空闲时间。

#### **3. 非交错式调度(Non-Interleaved Schedule)**
非交错式调度是一种简单的流水线调度策略,其中模型的不同阶段在不同的设备上顺序执行。例如,设备1负责前向传播,设备2负责反向传播。这种调度策略的优点是简单,但缺点是可能导致设备空闲时间增加,因为通信和计算不能完全重叠。

#### **4. 交错式调度(Interleaved Schedule)**
交错式调度是一种更复杂的流水线调度策略,其中模型的不同阶段在多个设备上交错执行。例如,设备1可以同时处理多个微批次(Micro-Batch)的前向和反向传播,从而实现通信和计算的重叠。这种调度策略可以提高训练效率,但实现起来更复杂。

### **为什么会出现这个警告**
在你的配置中,你使用了**非交错式调度(Non-Interleaved Schedule)**,但同时可能尝试启用了点对点通信的重叠功能(`args.overlap_p2p_comm = True`)。然而,非交错式调度不支持这种重叠功能,因此程序自动将 `args.overlap_p2p_comm` 设置为 `False`,并发出警告。

### **如何解决这个警告**
1. **如果你不需要重叠通信**:
   - 如果你的应用场景不需要重叠通信,可以忽略这个警告,或者显式地将 `args.overlap_p2p_comm` 设置为 `False`,以避免警告。
   ```python
   args.overlap_p2p_comm = False
   ```

2. **如果你需要重叠通信**:
   - 如果你需要重叠通信以提高训练效率,你应该切换到**交错式调度(Interleaved Schedule)**。在交错式调度中,通信和计算可以重叠,从而提高效率。
   - 在配置文件或代码中,确保设置了交错式调度。例如:
     ```python
     parallel = dict(
         pipeline=dict(size=1, interleaved_overlap=True),
     )
     ```
   - 或者在命令行中指定:
     ```bash
     --pipeline-interleaved-overlap True
     ```

### **总结**
这条警告信息表明,你当前使用的非交错式调度不支持点对点通信的重叠功能。如果你不需要重叠通信,可以忽略这个警告;如果你需要重叠通信,应该切换到交错式调度。希望这些解释对你理解这条警告信息有帮助!

“accumulate and all-reduce gradients in fp32 for bfloat16 data type”这句话的意思是:在使用bfloat16数据类型进行训练时,梯度的累积(accumulate)和全局归约(all-reduce)操作是在32位浮点数(fp32)精度下完成的。以下是对这句话的详细解释:

### **1. bfloat16数据类型**
bfloat16(Brain Floating Point 16)是一种16位浮点数格式,专为深度学习设计,与传统的16位浮点数(fp16)相比,它具有更大的动态范围,但精度较低。bfloat16在训练大型模型时可以显著减少内存使用量和计算时间,但可能会导致精度损失[^1^]。

### **2. 梯度累积(Gradient Accumulation)**
梯度累积是一种技术,用于在分布式训练中模拟更大的批量大小,同时避免内存溢出。具体来说,它将一个大批次的数据分成多个小批次(micro-batches),分别计算每个小批次的梯度,然后将这些梯度累加起来,最后执行一次优化器步骤[^3^]。

### **3. 全局归约(All-Reduce)**
全局归约是一种分布式通信操作,用于在多个设备(如GPU)之间同步梯度。每个设备计算出的梯度会被发送到所有其他设备,然后所有设备对这些梯度进行归约(如求平均值),以确保每个设备上的梯度是一致的[^8^]。

### **4. 在fp32中进行梯度累积和全局归约的原因**
尽管模型的参数和前向传播使用的是bfloat16,但在进行梯度累积和全局归约时,仍然使用32位浮点数(fp32)。这样做的原因主要有以下几点:
- **减少精度损失**:bfloat16的精度较低,在进行梯度累积和全局归约时,可能会导致较大的舍入误差。通过将梯度转换为fp32进行计算,可以减少这种误差,从而提高模型的训练精度[^1^][^4^]。
- **提高数值稳定性**:在大规模分布式训练中,梯度的数值范围可能会很大。使用fp32进行梯度累积和全局归约,可以提高数值稳定性,避免梯度爆炸或梯度消失的问题[^7^]。
- **兼容性**:一些优化器和分布式训练框架可能不支持bfloat16的梯度累积和全局归约操作,因此需要将梯度转换为fp32[^6^]。

### **5. 示例**
以下是一个简化的代码示例,展示了如何在PyTorch中实现梯度累积和全局归约:
```python
import torch
import torch.distributed as dist

# 假设使用bfloat16进行前向传播
model = torch.nn.Linear(10, 1).to(torch.bfloat16)
inputs = torch.randn(32, 10, dtype=torch.bfloat16)
targets = torch.randn(32, 1, dtype=torch.bfloat16)

# 前向传播
outputs = model(inputs)
loss_fn = torch.nn.MSELoss()
loss = loss_fn(outputs, targets)

# 反向传播,计算梯度
loss.backward()

# 将梯度转换为fp32进行累积和全局归约
if dist.is_initialized():
    for param in model.parameters():
        if param.grad is not None:
            # 转换为fp32
            grad_fp32 = param.grad.to(torch.float32)
            # 执行全局归约
            dist.all_reduce(grad_fp32)
            # 将归约后的梯度转换回bfloat16
            param.grad = grad_fp32.to(torch.bfloat16)
```

### **6. 总结**
“accumulate and all-reduce gradients in fp32 for bfloat16 data type”这句话的意思是在使用bfloat16数据类型进行训练时,为了减少精度损失和提高数值稳定性,梯度的累积和全局归约操作是在32位浮点数(fp32)精度下完成的。这种做法在大规模分布式训练中非常常见,尤其是在使用bfloat16进行混合精度训练时[^2^][^5^]。

您可能感兴趣的与本文相关的镜像

TensorFlow-v2.15

TensorFlow-v2.15

TensorFlow

TensorFlow 是由Google Brain 团队开发的开源机器学习框架,广泛应用于深度学习研究和生产环境。 它提供了一个灵活的平台,用于构建和训练各种机器学习模型

# Ultralytics YOLOv5 🚀, AGPL-3.0 license """ Train a YOLOv5 model on a custom dataset. Models and datasets download automatically from the latest YOLOv5 release. Usage - Single-GPU training: $ python train.py --data coco128.yaml --weights yolov5s.pt --img 640 # from pretrained (recommended) $ python train.py --data coco128.yaml --weights '' --cfg yolov5s.yaml --img 640 # from scratch Usage - Multi-GPU DDP training: $ python -m torch.distributed.run --nproc_per_node 4 --master_port 1 train.py --data coco128.yaml --weights yolov5s.pt --img 640 --device 0,1,2,3 Models: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/tree/master/models Datasets: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/tree/master/data Tutorial: https://docs.ultralytics.com/yolov5/tutorials/train_custom_data """ import argparse import math import os os.environ["GIT_PYTHON_REFRESH"] = "quiet" os.environ["KMP_DUPLICATE_LIB_OK"]="TRUE" import random import subprocess import sys import time from copy import deepcopy from datetime import datetime, timedelta from pathlib import Path try: import comet_ml # must be imported before torch (if installed) except ImportError: comet_ml = None import numpy as np import torch import torch.distributed as dist import torch.nn as nn import yaml from torch.optim import lr_scheduler from tqdm import tqdm FILE = Path(__file__).resolve() ROOT = FILE.parents[0] # YOLOv5 root directory if str(ROOT) not in sys.path: sys.path.append(str(ROOT)) # add ROOT to PATH ROOT = Path(os.path.relpath(ROOT, Path.cwd())) # relative import val as validate # for end-of-epoch mAP from models.experimental import attempt_load from models.yolo import Model from utils.autoanchor import check_anchors from utils.autobatch import check_train_batch_size from utils.callbacks import Callbacks from utils.dataloaders import create_dataloader from utils.downloads import attempt_download, is_url from utils.general import ( LOGGER, TQDM_BAR_FORMAT, check_amp, check_dataset, check_file, check_git_info, check_git_status, check_img_size, check_requirements, check_suffix, check_yaml, colorstr, get_latest_run, increment_path, init_seeds, intersect_dicts, labels_to_class_weights, labels_to_image_weights, methods, one_cycle, print_args, print_mutation, strip_optimizer, yaml_save, ) from utils.loggers import LOGGERS, Loggers from utils.loggers.comet.comet_utils import check_comet_resume from utils.loss import ComputeLoss from utils.metrics import fitness from utils.plots import plot_evolve from utils.torch_utils import ( EarlyStopping, ModelEMA, de_parallel, select_device, smart_DDP, smart_optimizer, smart_resume, torch_distributed_zero_first, ) LOCAL_RANK = int(os.getenv("LOCAL_RANK", -1)) # https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/elastic/run.html RANK = int(os.getenv("RANK", -1)) WORLD_SIZE = int(os.getenv("WORLD_SIZE", 1)) GIT_INFO = check_git_info() def train(hyp, opt, device, callbacks): """ Train a YOLOv5 model on a custom dataset using specified hyperparameters, options, and device, managing datasets, model architecture, loss computation, and optimizer steps. Args: hyp (str | dict): Path to the hyperparameters YAML file or a dictionary of hyperparameters. opt (argparse.Namespace): Parsed command-line arguments containing training options. device (torch.device): Device on which training occurs, e.g., 'cuda' or 'cpu'. callbacks (Callbacks): Callback functions for various training events. Returns: None Models and datasets download automatically from the latest YOLOv5 release. Example: Single-GPU training: ```bash $ python train.py --data coco128.yaml --weights yolov5s.pt --img 640 # from pretrained (recommended) $ python train.py --data coco128.yaml --weights '' --cfg yolov5s.yaml --img 640 # from scratch ``` Multi-GPU DDP training: ```bash $ python -m torch.distributed.run --nproc_per_node 4 --master_port 1 train.py --data coco128.yaml --weights yolov5s.pt --img 640 --device 0,1,2,3 ``` For more usage details, refer to: - Models: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/tree/master/models - Datasets: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/tree/master/data - Tutorial: https://docs.ultralytics.com/yolov5/tutorials/train_custom_data """ save_dir, epochs, batch_size, weights, single_cls, evolve, data, cfg, resume, noval, nosave, workers, freeze = ( Path(opt.save_dir), opt.epochs, opt.batch_size, opt.weights, opt.single_cls, opt.evolve, opt.data, opt.cfg, opt.resume, opt.noval, opt.nosave, opt.workers, opt.freeze, ) callbacks.run("on_pretrain_routine_start") # Directories w = save_dir / "weights" # weights dir (w.parent if evolve else w).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) # make dir last, best = w / "last.pt", w / "best.pt" # Hyperparameters if isinstance(hyp, str): with open(hyp, errors="ignore") as f: hyp = yaml.safe_load(f) # load hyps dict LOGGER.info(colorstr("hyperparameters: ") + ", ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in hyp.items())) opt.hyp = hyp.copy() # for saving hyps to checkpoints # Save run settings if not evolve: yaml_save(save_dir / "hyp.yaml", hyp) yaml_save(save_dir / "opt.yaml", vars(opt)) # Loggers data_dict = None if RANK in {-1, 0}: include_loggers = list(LOGGERS) if getattr(opt, "ndjson_console", False): include_loggers.append("ndjson_console") if getattr(opt, "ndjson_file", False): include_loggers.append("ndjson_file") loggers = Loggers( save_dir=save_dir, weights=weights, opt=opt, hyp=hyp, logger=LOGGER, include=tuple(include_loggers), ) # Register actions for k in methods(loggers): callbacks.register_action(k, callback=getattr(loggers, k)) # Process custom dataset artifact link data_dict = loggers.remote_dataset if resume: # If resuming runs from remote artifact weights, epochs, hyp, batch_size = opt.weights, opt.epochs, opt.hyp, opt.batch_size # Config plots = not evolve and not opt.noplots # create plots cuda = device.type != "cpu" init_seeds(opt.seed + 1 + RANK, deterministic=True) with torch_distributed_zero_first(LOCAL_RANK): data_dict = data_dict or check_dataset(data) # check if None train_path, val_path = data_dict["train"], data_dict["val"] nc = 1 if single_cls else int(data_dict["nc"]) # number of classes names = {0: "item"} if single_cls and len(data_dict["names"]) != 1 else data_dict["names"] # class names is_coco = isinstance(val_path, str) and val_path.endswith("coco/val2017.txt") # COCO dataset # Model check_suffix(weights, ".pt") # check weights pretrained = weights.endswith(".pt") if pretrained: with torch_distributed_zero_first(LOCAL_RANK): weights = attempt_download(weights) # download if not found locally ckpt = torch.load(weights, map_location="cpu") # load checkpoint to CPU to avoid CUDA memory leak model = Model(cfg or ckpt["model"].yaml, ch=3, nc=nc, anchors=hyp.get("anchors")).to(device) # create exclude = ["anchor"] if (cfg or hyp.get("anchors")) and not resume else [] # exclude keys csd = ckpt["model"].float().state_dict() # checkpoint state_dict as FP32 csd = intersect_dicts(csd, model.state_dict(), exclude=exclude) # intersect model.load_state_dict(csd, strict=False) # load LOGGER.info(f"Transferred {len(csd)}/{len(model.state_dict())} items from {weights}") # report else: model = Model(cfg, ch=3, nc=nc, anchors=hyp.get("anchors")).to(device) # create amp = check_amp(model) # check AMP # Freeze freeze = [f"model.{x}." for x in (freeze if len(freeze) > 1 else range(freeze[0]))] # layers to freeze for k, v in model.named_parameters(): v.requires_grad = True # train all layers # v.register_hook(lambda x: torch.nan_to_num(x)) # NaN to 0 (commented for erratic training results) if any(x in k for x in freeze): LOGGER.info(f"freezing {k}") v.requires_grad = False # Image size gs = max(int(model.stride.max()), 32) # grid size (max stride) imgsz = check_img_size(opt.imgsz, gs, floor=gs * 2) # verify imgsz is gs-multiple # Batch size if RANK == -1 and batch_size == -1: # single-GPU only, estimate best batch size batch_size = check_train_batch_size(model, imgsz, amp) loggers.on_params_update({"batch_size": batch_size}) # Optimizer nbs = 64 # nominal batch size accumulate = max(round(nbs / batch_size), 1) # accumulate loss before optimizing hyp["weight_decay"] *= batch_size * accumulate / nbs # scale weight_decay optimizer = smart_optimizer(model, opt.optimizer, hyp["lr0"], hyp["momentum"], hyp["weight_decay"]) # Scheduler if opt.cos_lr: lf = one_cycle(1, hyp["lrf"], epochs) # cosine 1->hyp['lrf'] else: def lf(x): """Linear learning rate scheduler function with decay calculated by epoch proportion.""" return (1 - x / epochs) * (1.0 - hyp["lrf"]) + hyp["lrf"] # linear scheduler = lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer, lr_lambda=lf) # plot_lr_scheduler(optimizer, scheduler, epochs) # EMA ema = ModelEMA(model) if RANK in {-1, 0} else None # Resume best_fitness, start_epoch = 0.0, 0 if pretrained: if resume: best_fitness, start_epoch, epochs = smart_resume(ckpt, optimizer, ema, weights, epochs, resume) del ckpt, csd # DP mode if cuda and RANK == -1 and torch.cuda.device_count() > 1: LOGGER.warning( "WARNING ⚠️ DP not recommended, use torch.distributed.run for best DDP Multi-GPU results.\n" "See Multi-GPU Tutorial at https://docs.ultralytics.com/yolov5/tutorials/multi_gpu_training to get started." ) model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model) # SyncBatchNorm if opt.sync_bn and cuda and RANK != -1: model = torch.nn.SyncBatchNorm.convert_sync_batchnorm(model).to(device) LOGGER.info("Using SyncBatchNorm()") # Trainloader train_loader, dataset = create_dataloader( train_path, imgsz, batch_size // WORLD_SIZE, gs, single_cls, hyp=hyp, augment=True, cache=None if opt.cache == "val" else opt.cache, rect=opt.rect, rank=LOCAL_RANK, workers=workers, image_weights=opt.image_weights, quad=opt.quad, prefix=colorstr("train: "), shuffle=True, seed=opt.seed, ) labels = np.concatenate(dataset.labels, 0) mlc = int(labels[:, 0].max()) # max label class assert mlc < nc, f"Label class {mlc} exceeds nc={nc} in {data}. Possible class labels are 0-{nc - 1}" # Process 0 if RANK in {-1, 0}: val_loader = create_dataloader( val_path, imgsz, batch_size // WORLD_SIZE * 2, gs, single_cls, hyp=hyp, cache=None if noval else opt.cache, rect=True, rank=-1, workers=workers * 2, pad=0.5, prefix=colorstr("val: "), )[0] if not resume: if not opt.noautoanchor: check_anchors(dataset, model=model, thr=hyp["anchor_t"], imgsz=imgsz) # run AutoAnchor model.half().float() # pre-reduce anchor precision callbacks.run("on_pretrain_routine_end", labels, names) # DDP mode if cuda and RANK != -1: model = smart_DDP(model) # Model attributes nl = de_parallel(model).model[-1].nl # number of detection layers (to scale hyps) hyp["box"] *= 3 / nl # scale to layers hyp["cls"] *= nc / 80 * 3 / nl # scale to classes and layers hyp["obj"] *= (imgsz / 640) ** 2 * 3 / nl # scale to image size and layers hyp["label_smoothing"] = opt.label_smoothing model.nc = nc # attach number of classes to model model.hyp = hyp # attach hyperparameters to model model.class_weights = labels_to_class_weights(dataset.labels, nc).to(device) * nc # attach class weights model.names = names # Start training t0 = time.time() nb = len(train_loader) # number of batches nw = max(round(hyp["warmup_epochs"] * nb), 100) # number of warmup iterations, max(3 epochs, 100 iterations) # nw = min(nw, (epochs - start_epoch) / 2 * nb) # limit warmup to < 1/2 of training last_opt_step = -1 maps = np.zeros(nc) # mAP per class results = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) # P, R, mAP@.5, mAP@.5-.95, val_loss(box, obj, cls) scheduler.last_epoch = start_epoch - 1 # do not move scaler = torch.cuda.amp.GradScaler(enabled=amp) stopper, stop = EarlyStopping(patience=opt.patience), False compute_loss = ComputeLoss(model) # init loss class callbacks.run("on_train_start") LOGGER.info( f'Image sizes {imgsz} train, {imgsz} val\n' f'Using {train_loader.num_workers * WORLD_SIZE} dataloader workers\n' f"Logging results to {colorstr('bold', save_dir)}\n" f'Starting training for {epochs} epochs...' ) for epoch in range(start_epoch, epochs): # epoch ------------------------------------------------------------------ callbacks.run("on_train_epoch_start") model.train() # Update image weights (optional, single-GPU only) if opt.image_weights: cw = model.class_weights.cpu().numpy() * (1 - maps) ** 2 / nc # class weights iw = labels_to_image_weights(dataset.labels, nc=nc, class_weights=cw) # image weights dataset.indices = random.choices(range(dataset.n), weights=iw, k=dataset.n) # rand weighted idx # Update mosaic border (optional) # b = int(random.uniform(0.25 * imgsz, 0.75 * imgsz + gs) // gs * gs) # dataset.mosaic_border = [b - imgsz, -b] # height, width borders mloss = torch.zeros(3, device=device) # mean losses if RANK != -1: train_loader.sampler.set_epoch(epoch) pbar = enumerate(train_loader) LOGGER.info(("\n" + "%11s" * 7) % ("Epoch", "GPU_mem", "box_loss", "obj_loss", "cls_loss", "Instances", "Size")) if RANK in {-1, 0}: pbar = tqdm(pbar, total=nb, bar_format=TQDM_BAR_FORMAT) # progress bar optimizer.zero_grad() for i, (imgs, targets, paths, _) in pbar: # batch ------------------------------------------------------------- callbacks.run("on_train_batch_start") ni = i + nb * epoch # number integrated batches (since train start) imgs = imgs.to(device, non_blocking=True).float() / 255 # uint8 to float32, 0-255 to 0.0-1.0 # Warmup if ni <= nw: xi = [0, nw] # x interp # compute_loss.gr = np.interp(ni, xi, [0.0, 1.0]) # iou loss ratio (obj_loss = 1.0 or iou) accumulate = max(1, np.interp(ni, xi, [1, nbs / batch_size]).round()) for j, x in enumerate(optimizer.param_groups): # bias lr falls from 0.1 to lr0, all other lrs rise from 0.0 to lr0 x["lr"] = np.interp(ni, xi, [hyp["warmup_bias_lr"] if j == 0 else 0.0, x["initial_lr"] * lf(epoch)]) if "momentum" in x: x["momentum"] = np.interp(ni, xi, [hyp["warmup_momentum"], hyp["momentum"]]) # Multi-scale if opt.multi_scale: sz = random.randrange(int(imgsz * 0.5), int(imgsz * 1.5) + gs) // gs * gs # size sf = sz / max(imgs.shape[2:]) # scale factor if sf != 1: ns = [math.ceil(x * sf / gs) * gs for x in imgs.shape[2:]] # new shape (stretched to gs-multiple) imgs = nn.functional.interpolate(imgs, size=ns, mode="bilinear", align_corners=False) # Forward with torch.cuda.amp.autocast(amp): pred = model(imgs) # forward loss, loss_items = compute_loss(pred, targets.to(device)) # loss scaled by batch_size if RANK != -1: loss *= WORLD_SIZE # gradient averaged between devices in DDP mode if opt.quad: loss *= 4.0 # Backward scaler.scale(loss).backward() # Optimize - https://pytorch.org/docs/master/notes/amp_examples.html if ni - last_opt_step >= accumulate: scaler.unscale_(optimizer) # unscale gradients torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), max_norm=10.0) # clip gradients scaler.step(optimizer) # optimizer.step scaler.update() optimizer.zero_grad() if ema: ema.update(model) last_opt_step = ni # Log if RANK in {-1, 0}: mloss = (mloss * i + loss_items) / (i + 1) # update mean losses mem = f"{torch.cuda.memory_reserved() / 1E9 if torch.cuda.is_available() else 0:.3g}G" # (GB) pbar.set_description( ("%11s" * 2 + "%11.4g" * 5) % (f"{epoch}/{epochs - 1}", mem, *mloss, targets.shape[0], imgs.shape[-1]) ) callbacks.run("on_train_batch_end", model, ni, imgs, targets, paths, list(mloss)) if callbacks.stop_training: return # end batch ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Scheduler lr = [x["lr"] for x in optimizer.param_groups] # for loggers scheduler.step() if RANK in {-1, 0}: # mAP callbacks.run("on_train_epoch_end", epoch=epoch) ema.update_attr(model, include=["yaml", "nc", "hyp", "names", "stride", "class_weights"]) final_epoch = (epoch + 1 == epochs) or stopper.possible_stop if not noval or final_epoch: # Calculate mAP results, maps, _ = validate.run( data_dict, batch_size=batch_size // WORLD_SIZE * 2, imgsz=imgsz, half=amp, model=ema.ema, single_cls=single_cls, dataloader=val_loader, save_dir=save_dir, plots=False, callbacks=callbacks, compute_loss=compute_loss, ) # Update best mAP fi = fitness(np.array(results).reshape(1, -1)) # weighted combination of [P, R, mAP@.5, mAP@.5-.95] stop = stopper(epoch=epoch, fitness=fi) # early stop check if fi > best_fitness: best_fitness = fi log_vals = list(mloss) + list(results) + lr callbacks.run("on_fit_epoch_end", log_vals, epoch, best_fitness, fi) # Save model if (not nosave) or (final_epoch and not evolve): # if save ckpt = { "epoch": epoch, "best_fitness": best_fitness, "model": deepcopy(de_parallel(model)).half(), "ema": deepcopy(ema.ema).half(), "updates": ema.updates, "optimizer": optimizer.state_dict(), "opt": vars(opt), "git": GIT_INFO, # {remote, branch, commit} if a git repo "date": datetime.now().isoformat(), } # Save last, best and delete torch.save(ckpt, last) if best_fitness == fi: torch.save(ckpt, best) if opt.save_period > 0 and epoch % opt.save_period == 0: torch.save(ckpt, w / f"epoch{epoch}.pt") del ckpt callbacks.run("on_model_save", last, epoch, final_epoch, best_fitness, fi) # EarlyStopping if RANK != -1: # if DDP training broadcast_list = [stop if RANK == 0 else None] dist.broadcast_object_list(broadcast_list, 0) # broadcast 'stop' to all ranks if RANK != 0: stop = broadcast_list[0] if stop: break # must break all DDP ranks # end epoch ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # end training ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- if RANK in {-1, 0}: LOGGER.info(f"\n{epoch - start_epoch + 1} epochs completed in {(time.time() - t0) / 3600:.3f} hours.") for f in last, best: if f.exists(): strip_optimizer(f) # strip optimizers if f is best: LOGGER.info(f"\nValidating {f}...") results, _, _ = validate.run( data_dict, batch_size=batch_size // WORLD_SIZE * 2, imgsz=imgsz, model=attempt_load(f, device).half(), iou_thres=0.65 if is_coco else 0.60, # best pycocotools at iou 0.65 single_cls=single_cls, dataloader=val_loader, save_dir=save_dir, save_json=is_coco, verbose=True, plots=plots, callbacks=callbacks, compute_loss=compute_loss, ) # val best model with plots if is_coco: callbacks.run("on_fit_epoch_end", list(mloss) + list(results) + lr, epoch, best_fitness, fi) callbacks.run("on_train_end", last, best, epoch, results) torch.cuda.empty_cache() return results def parse_opt(known=False): """ Parse command-line arguments for YOLOv5 training, validation, and testing. Args: known (bool, optional): If True, parses known arguments, ignoring the unknown. Defaults to False. Returns: (argparse.Namespace): Parsed command-line arguments containing options for YOLOv5 execution. Example: ```python from ultralytics.yolo import parse_opt opt = parse_opt() print(opt) ``` Links: - Models: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/tree/master/models - Datasets: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/tree/master/data - Tutorial: https://docs.ultralytics.com/yolov5/tutorials/train_custom_data """ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument("--weights", type=str, default=ROOT / r"E:/yolov5-master/yolov5m.pt", help="initial weights path") parser.add_argument("--cfg", type=str, default=r"models/yolov5m.yaml", help="model.yaml path") parser.add_argument("--data", type=str, default=ROOT / r"E:/yolov5-master/data/data.yaml", help="dataset.yaml path") parser.add_argument("--hyp", type=str, default=ROOT / "data/hyps/hyp.scratch-low.yaml", help="hyperparameters path") parser.add_argument("--epochs", type=int, default=150, help="total training epochs") parser.add_argument("--batch-size", type=int, default=16, help="total batch size for all GPUs, -1 for autobatch") parser.add_argument("--imgsz", "--img", "--img-size", type=int, default=640, help="train, val image size (pixels)") parser.add_argument("--rect", action="store_true", help="rectangular training") parser.add_argument("--resume", nargs="?", const=True, default=False, help="resume most recent training") parser.add_argument("--nosave", action="store_true", help="only save final checkpoint") parser.add_argument("--noval", action="store_true", help="only validate final epoch") parser.add_argument("--noautoanchor", action="store_true", help="disable AutoAnchor") parser.add_argument("--noplots", action="store_true", help="save no plot files") parser.add_argument("--evolve", type=int, nargs="?", const=300, help="evolve hyperparameters for x generations") parser.add_argument( "--evolve_population", type=str, default=ROOT / "data/hyps", help="location for loading population" ) parser.add_argument("--resume_evolve", type=str, default=None, help="resume evolve from last generation") parser.add_argument("--bucket", type=str, default="", help="gsutil bucket") parser.add_argument("--cache", type=str, nargs="?", const="ram", help="image --cache ram/disk") parser.add_argument("--image-weights", action="store_true", help="use weighted image selection for training") parser.add_argument("--device", default="", help="cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu") parser.add_argument("--multi-scale", action="store_true", help="vary img-size +/- 50%%") parser.add_argument("--single-cls", action="store_true", help="train multi-class data as single-class") parser.add_argument("--optimizer", type=str, choices=["SGD", "Adam", "AdamW"], default="SGD", help="optimizer") parser.add_argument("--sync-bn", action="store_true", help="use SyncBatchNorm, only available in DDP mode") parser.add_argument("--workers", type=int, default=8, help="max dataloader workers (per RANK in DDP mode)") parser.add_argument("--project", default=ROOT / "runs/train", help="save to project/name") parser.add_argument("--name", default="exp", help="save to project/name") parser.add_argument("--exist-ok", action="store_true", help="existing project/name ok, do not increment") parser.add_argument("--quad", action="store_true", help="quad dataloader") parser.add_argument("--cos-lr", action="store_true", help="cosine LR scheduler") parser.add_argument("--label-smoothing", type=float, default=0.0, help="Label smoothing epsilon") parser.add_argument("--patience", type=int, default=100, help="EarlyStopping patience (epochs without improvement)") parser.add_argument("--freeze", nargs="+", type=int, default=[0], help="Freeze layers: backbone=10, first3=0 1 2") parser.add_argument("--save-period", type=int, default=-1, help="Save checkpoint every x epochs (disabled if < 1)") parser.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=0, help="Global training seed") parser.add_argument("--local_rank", type=int, default=-1, help="Automatic DDP Multi-GPU argument, do not modify") # Logger arguments parser.add_argument("--entity", default=None, help="Entity") parser.add_argument("--upload_dataset", nargs="?", const=True, default=False, help='Upload data, "val" option') parser.add_argument("--bbox_interval", type=int, default=-1, help="Set bounding-box image logging interval") parser.add_argument("--artifact_alias", type=str, default="latest", help="Version of dataset artifact to use") # NDJSON logging parser.add_argument("--ndjson-console", action="store_true", help="Log ndjson to console") parser.add_argument("--ndjson-file", action="store_true", help="Log ndjson to file") return parser.parse_known_args()[0] if known else parser.parse_args() def main(opt, callbacks=Callbacks()): """ Runs the main entry point for training or hyperparameter evolution with specified options and optional callbacks. Args: opt (argparse.Namespace): The command-line arguments parsed for YOLOv5 training and evolution. callbacks (ultralytics.utils.callbacks.Callbacks, optional): Callback functions for various training stages. Defaults to Callbacks(). Returns: None Note: For detailed usage, refer to: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/tree/master/models """ if RANK in {-1, 0}: print_args(vars(opt)) check_git_status() check_requirements(ROOT / "requirements.txt") # Resume (from specified or most recent last.pt) if opt.resume and not check_comet_resume(opt) and not opt.evolve: last = Path(check_file(opt.resume) if isinstance(opt.resume, str) else get_latest_run()) opt_yaml = last.parent.parent / "opt.yaml" # train options yaml opt_data = opt.data # original dataset if opt_yaml.is_file(): with open(opt_yaml, errors="ignore") as f: d = yaml.safe_load(f) else: d = torch.load(last, map_location="cpu")["opt"] opt = argparse.Namespace(**d) # replace opt.cfg, opt.weights, opt.resume = "", str(last), True # reinstate if is_url(opt_data): opt.data = check_file(opt_data) # avoid HUB resume auth timeout else: opt.data, opt.cfg, opt.hyp, opt.weights, opt.project = ( check_file(opt.data), check_yaml(opt.cfg), check_yaml(opt.hyp), str(opt.weights), str(opt.project), ) # checks assert len(opt.cfg) or len(opt.weights), "either --cfg or --weights must be specified" if opt.evolve: if opt.project == str(ROOT / "runs/train"): # if default project name, rename to runs/evolve opt.project = str(ROOT / "runs/evolve") opt.exist_ok, opt.resume = opt.resume, False # pass resume to exist_ok and disable resume if opt.name == "cfg": opt.name = Path(opt.cfg).stem # use model.yaml as name opt.save_dir = str(increment_path(Path(opt.project) / opt.name, exist_ok=opt.exist_ok)) # DDP mode device = select_device(opt.device, batch_size=opt.batch_size) if LOCAL_RANK != -1: msg = "is not compatible with YOLOv5 Multi-GPU DDP training" assert not opt.image_weights, f"--image-weights {msg}" assert not opt.evolve, f"--evolve {msg}" assert opt.batch_size != -1, f"AutoBatch with --batch-size -1 {msg}, please pass a valid --batch-size" assert opt.batch_size % WORLD_SIZE == 0, f"--batch-size {opt.batch_size} must be multiple of WORLD_SIZE" assert torch.cuda.device_count() > LOCAL_RANK, "insufficient CUDA devices for DDP command" torch.cuda.set_device(LOCAL_RANK) device = torch.device("cuda", LOCAL_RANK) dist.init_process_group( backend="nccl" if dist.is_nccl_available() else "gloo", timeout=timedelta(seconds=10800) ) # Train if not opt.evolve: train(opt.hyp, opt, device, callbacks) # Evolve hyperparameters (optional) else: # Hyperparameter evolution metadata (including this hyperparameter True-False, lower_limit, upper_limit) meta = { "lr0": (False, 1e-5, 1e-1), # initial learning rate (SGD=1E-2, Adam=1E-3) "lrf": (False, 0.01, 1.0), # final OneCycleLR learning rate (lr0 * lrf) "momentum": (False, 0.6, 0.98), # SGD momentum/Adam beta1 "weight_decay": (False, 0.0, 0.001), # optimizer weight decay "warmup_epochs": (False, 0.0, 5.0), # warmup epochs (fractions ok) "warmup_momentum": (False, 0.0, 0.95), # warmup initial momentum "warmup_bias_lr": (False, 0.0, 0.2), # warmup initial bias lr "box": (False, 0.02, 0.2), # box loss gain "cls": (False, 0.2, 4.0), # cls loss gain "cls_pw": (False, 0.5, 2.0), # cls BCELoss positive_weight "obj": (False, 0.2, 4.0), # obj loss gain (scale with pixels) "obj_pw": (False, 0.5, 2.0), # obj BCELoss positive_weight "iou_t": (False, 0.1, 0.7), # IoU training threshold "anchor_t": (False, 2.0, 8.0), # anchor-multiple threshold "anchors": (False, 2.0, 10.0), # anchors per output grid (0 to ignore) "fl_gamma": (False, 0.0, 2.0), # focal loss gamma (efficientDet default gamma=1.5) "hsv_h": (True, 0.0, 0.1), # image HSV-Hue augmentation (fraction) "hsv_s": (True, 0.0, 0.9), # image HSV-Saturation augmentation (fraction) "hsv_v": (True, 0.0, 0.9), # image HSV-Value augmentation (fraction) "degrees": (True, 0.0, 45.0), # image rotation (+/- deg) "translate": (True, 0.0, 0.9), # image translation (+/- fraction) "scale": (True, 0.0, 0.9), # image scale (+/- gain) "shear": (True, 0.0, 10.0), # image shear (+/- deg) "perspective": (True, 0.0, 0.001), # image perspective (+/- fraction), range 0-0.001 "flipud": (True, 0.0, 1.0), # image flip up-down (probability) "fliplr": (True, 0.0, 1.0), # image flip left-right (probability) "mosaic": (True, 0.0, 1.0), # image mosaic (probability) "mixup": (True, 0.0, 1.0), # image mixup (probability) "copy_paste": (True, 0.0, 1.0), # segment copy-paste (probability) } # GA configs pop_size = 50 mutation_rate_min = 0.01 mutation_rate_max = 0.5 crossover_rate_min = 0.5 crossover_rate_max = 1 min_elite_size = 2 max_elite_size = 5 tournament_size_min = 2 tournament_size_max = 10 with open(opt.hyp, errors="ignore") as f: hyp = yaml.safe_load(f) # load hyps dict if "anchors" not in hyp: # anchors commented in hyp.yaml hyp["anchors"] = 3 if opt.noautoanchor: del hyp["anchors"], meta["anchors"] opt.noval, opt.nosave, save_dir = True, True, Path(opt.save_dir) # only val/save final epoch # ei = [isinstance(x, (int, float)) for x in hyp.values()] # evolvable indices evolve_yaml, evolve_csv = save_dir / "hyp_evolve.yaml", save_dir / "evolve.csv" if opt.bucket: # download evolve.csv if exists subprocess.run( [ "gsutil", "cp", f"gs://{opt.bucket}/evolve.csv", str(evolve_csv), ] ) # Delete the items in meta dictionary whose first value is False del_ = [item for item, value_ in meta.items() if value_[0] is False] hyp_GA = hyp.copy() # Make a copy of hyp dictionary for item in del_: del meta[item] # Remove the item from meta dictionary del hyp_GA[item] # Remove the item from hyp_GA dictionary # Set lower_limit and upper_limit arrays to hold the search space boundaries lower_limit = np.array([meta[k][1] for k in hyp_GA.keys()]) upper_limit = np.array([meta[k][2] for k in hyp_GA.keys()]) # Create gene_ranges list to hold the range of values for each gene in the population gene_ranges = [(lower_limit[i], upper_limit[i]) for i in range(len(upper_limit))] # Initialize the population with initial_values or random values initial_values = [] # If resuming evolution from a previous checkpoint if opt.resume_evolve is not None: assert os.path.isfile(ROOT / opt.resume_evolve), "evolve population path is wrong!" with open(ROOT / opt.resume_evolve, errors="ignore") as f: evolve_population = yaml.safe_load(f) for value in evolve_population.values(): value = np.array([value[k] for k in hyp_GA.keys()]) initial_values.append(list(value)) # If not resuming from a previous checkpoint, generate initial values from .yaml files in opt.evolve_population else: yaml_files = [f for f in os.listdir(opt.evolve_population) if f.endswith(".yaml")] for file_name in yaml_files: with open(os.path.join(opt.evolve_population, file_name)) as yaml_file: value = yaml.safe_load(yaml_file) value = np.array([value[k] for k in hyp_GA.keys()]) initial_values.append(list(value)) # Generate random values within the search space for the rest of the population if initial_values is None: population = [generate_individual(gene_ranges, len(hyp_GA)) for _ in range(pop_size)] elif pop_size > 1: population = [generate_individual(gene_ranges, len(hyp_GA)) for _ in range(pop_size - len(initial_values))] for initial_value in initial_values: population = [initial_value] + population # Run the genetic algorithm for a fixed number of generations list_keys = list(hyp_GA.keys()) for generation in range(opt.evolve): if generation >= 1: save_dict = {} for i in range(len(population)): little_dict = {list_keys[j]: float(population[i][j]) for j in range(len(population[i]))} save_dict[f"gen{str(generation)}number{str(i)}"] = little_dict with open(save_dir / "evolve_population.yaml", "w") as outfile: yaml.dump(save_dict, outfile, default_flow_style=False) # Adaptive elite size elite_size = min_elite_size + int((max_elite_size - min_elite_size) * (generation / opt.evolve)) # Evaluate the fitness of each individual in the population fitness_scores = [] for individual in population: for key, value in zip(hyp_GA.keys(), individual): hyp_GA[key] = value hyp.update(hyp_GA) results = train(hyp.copy(), opt, device, callbacks) callbacks = Callbacks() # Write mutation results keys = ( "metrics/precision", "metrics/recall", "metrics/mAP_0.5", "metrics/mAP_0.5:0.95", "val/box_loss", "val/obj_loss", "val/cls_loss", ) print_mutation(keys, results, hyp.copy(), save_dir, opt.bucket) fitness_scores.append(results[2]) # Select the fittest individuals for reproduction using adaptive tournament selection selected_indices = [] for _ in range(pop_size - elite_size): # Adaptive tournament size tournament_size = max( max(2, tournament_size_min), int(min(tournament_size_max, pop_size) - (generation / (opt.evolve / 10))), ) # Perform tournament selection to choose the best individual tournament_indices = random.sample(range(pop_size), tournament_size) tournament_fitness = [fitness_scores[j] for j in tournament_indices] winner_index = tournament_indices[tournament_fitness.index(max(tournament_fitness))] selected_indices.append(winner_index) # Add the elite individuals to the selected indices elite_indices = [i for i in range(pop_size) if fitness_scores[i] in sorted(fitness_scores)[-elite_size:]] selected_indices.extend(elite_indices) # Create the next generation through crossover and mutation next_generation = [] for _ in range(pop_size): parent1_index = selected_indices[random.randint(0, pop_size - 1)] parent2_index = selected_indices[random.randint(0, pop_size - 1)] # Adaptive crossover rate crossover_rate = max( crossover_rate_min, min(crossover_rate_max, crossover_rate_max - (generation / opt.evolve)) ) if random.uniform(0, 1) < crossover_rate: crossover_point = random.randint(1, len(hyp_GA) - 1) child = population[parent1_index][:crossover_point] + population[parent2_index][crossover_point:] else: child = population[parent1_index] # Adaptive mutation rate mutation_rate = max( mutation_rate_min, min(mutation_rate_max, mutation_rate_max - (generation / opt.evolve)) ) for j in range(len(hyp_GA)): if random.uniform(0, 1) < mutation_rate: child[j] += random.uniform(-0.1, 0.1) child[j] = min(max(child[j], gene_ranges[j][0]), gene_ranges[j][1]) next_generation.append(child) # Replace the old population with the new generation population = next_generation # Print the best solution found best_index = fitness_scores.index(max(fitness_scores)) best_individual = population[best_index] print("Best solution found:", best_individual) # Plot results plot_evolve(evolve_csv) LOGGER.info( f'Hyperparameter evolution finished {opt.evolve} generations\n' f"Results saved to {colorstr('bold', save_dir)}\n" f'Usage example: $ python train.py --hyp {evolve_yaml}' ) def generate_individual(input_ranges, individual_length): """ Generate an individual with random hyperparameters within specified ranges. Args: input_ranges (list[tuple[float, float]]): List of tuples where each tuple contains the lower and upper bounds for the corresponding gene (hyperparameter). individual_length (int): The number of genes (hyperparameters) in the individual. Returns: list[float]: A list representing a generated individual with random gene values within the specified ranges. Example: ```python input_ranges = [(0.01, 0.1), (0.1, 1.0), (0.9, 2.0)] individual_length = 3 individual = generate_individual(input_ranges, individual_length) print(individual) # Output: [0.035, 0.678, 1.456] (example output) ``` Note: The individual returned will have a length equal to `individual_length`, with each gene value being a floating-point number within its specified range in `input_ranges`. """ individual = [] for i in range(individual_length): lower_bound, upper_bound = input_ranges[i] individual.append(random.uniform(lower_bound, upper_bound)) return individual def run(**kwargs): """ Execute YOLOv5 training with specified options, allowing optional overrides through keyword arguments. Args: weights (str, optional): Path to initial weights. Defaults to ROOT / 'yolov5s.pt'. cfg (str, optional): Path to model YAML configuration. Defaults to an empty string. data (str, optional): Path to dataset YAML configuration. Defaults to ROOT / 'data/coco128.yaml'. hyp (str, optional): Path to hyperparameters YAML configuration. Defaults to ROOT / 'data/hyps/hyp.scratch-low.yaml'. epochs (int, optional): Total number of training epochs. Defaults to 100. batch_size (int, optional): Total batch size for all GPUs. Use -1 for automatic batch size determination. Defaults to 16. imgsz (int, optional): Image size (pixels) for training and validation. Defaults to 640. rect (bool, optional): Use rectangular training. Defaults to False. resume (bool | str, optional): Resume most recent training with an optional path. Defaults to False. nosave (bool, optional): Only save the final checkpoint. Defaults to False. noval (bool, optional): Only validate at the final epoch. Defaults to False. noautoanchor (bool, optional): Disable AutoAnchor. Defaults to False. noplots (bool, optional): Do not save plot files. Defaults to False. evolve (int, optional): Evolve hyperparameters for a specified number of generations. Use 300 if provided without a value. evolve_population (str, optional): Directory for loading population during evolution. Defaults to ROOT / 'data/ hyps'. resume_evolve (str, optional): Resume hyperparameter evolution from the last generation. Defaults to None. bucket (str, optional): gsutil bucket for saving checkpoints. Defaults to an empty string. cache (str, optional): Cache image data in 'ram' or 'disk'. Defaults to None. image_weights (bool, optional): Use weighted image selection for training. Defaults to False. device (str, optional): CUDA device identifier, e.g., '0', '0,1,2,3', or 'cpu'. Defaults to an empty string. multi_scale (bool, optional): Use multi-scale training, varying image size by ±50%. Defaults to False. single_cls (bool, optional): Train with multi-class data as single-class. Defaults to False. optimizer (str, optional): Optimizer type, choices are ['SGD', 'Adam', 'AdamW']. Defaults to 'SGD'. sync_bn (bool, optional): Use synchronized BatchNorm, only available in DDP mode. Defaults to False. workers (int, optional): Maximum dataloader workers per rank in DDP mode. Defaults to 8. project (str, optional): Directory for saving training runs. Defaults to ROOT / 'runs/train'. name (str, optional): Name for saving the training run. Defaults to 'exp'. exist_ok (bool, optional): Allow existing project/name without incrementing. Defaults to False. quad (bool, optional): Use quad dataloader. Defaults to False. cos_lr (bool, optional): Use cosine learning rate scheduler. Defaults to False. label_smoothing (float, optional): Label smoothing epsilon value. Defaults to 0.0. patience (int, optional): Patience for early stopping, measured in epochs without improvement. Defaults to 100. freeze (list, optional): Layers to freeze, e.g., backbone=10, first 3 layers = [0, 1, 2]. Defaults to [0]. save_period (int, optional): Frequency in epochs to save checkpoints. Disabled if < 1. Defaults to -1. seed (int, optional): Global training random seed. Defaults to 0. local_rank (int, optional): Automatic DDP Multi-GPU argument. Do not modify. Defaults to -1. Returns: None: The function initiates YOLOv5 training or hyperparameter evolution based on the provided options. Examples: ```python import train train.run(data='coco128.yaml', imgsz=320, weights='yolov5m.pt') ``` Notes: - Models: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/tree/master/models - Datasets: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/tree/master/data - Tutorial: https://docs.ultralytics.com/yolov5/tutorials/train_custom_data """ opt = parse_opt(True) for k, v in kwargs.items(): setattr(opt, k, v) main(opt) return opt if __name__ == "__main__": opt = parse_opt() main(opt) 这是源代码
06-21
# YOLOv5 🚀 by Ultralytics, GPL-3.0 license """ Train a YOLOv5 model on a custom dataset. Models and datasets download automatically from the latest YOLOv5 release. Usage - Single-GPU training: $ python train.py --data coco128.yaml --weights yolov5s.pt --img 640 # from pretrained (recommended) $ python train.py --data coco128.yaml --weights '' --cfg yolov5s.yaml --img 640 # from scratch Usage - Multi-GPU DDP training: $ python -m torch.distributed.run --nproc_per_node 4 --master_port 1 train.py --data coco128.yaml --weights yolov5s.pt --img 640 --device 0,1,2,3 Models: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/tree/master/models Datasets: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/tree/master/data Tutorial: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/wiki/Train-Custom-Data """ import argparse import math import os os.environ["GIT_PYTHON_REFRESH"] = "quiet" # add there import random import sys import time from copy import deepcopy from datetime import datetime from pathlib import Path import numpy as np import torch import torch.distributed as dist import torch.nn as nn import yaml from torch.optim import lr_scheduler from tqdm import tqdm # import numpy # import torch.serialization # torch.serialization.add_safe_globals([numpy._core.multiarray._reconstruct]) FILE = Path(__file__).resolve() ROOT = FILE.parents[0] # YOLOv5 root directory if str(ROOT) not in sys.path: sys.path.append(str(ROOT)) # add ROOT to PATH ROOT = Path(os.path.relpath(ROOT, Path.cwd())) # relative import val as validate # for end-of-epoch mAP from models.experimental import attempt_load from models.yolo import Model from utils.autoanchor import check_anchors from utils.autobatch import check_train_batch_size from utils.callbacks import Callbacks from utils.dataloaders import create_dataloader from utils.downloads import attempt_download, is_url from utils.general import (LOGGER, TQDM_BAR_FORMAT, check_amp, check_dataset, check_file, check_git_info, check_git_status, check_img_size, check_requirements, check_suffix, check_yaml, colorstr, get_latest_run, increment_path, init_seeds, intersect_dicts, labels_to_class_weights, labels_to_image_weights, methods, one_cycle, print_args, print_mutation, strip_optimizer, yaml_save) from utils.loggers import Loggers from utils.loggers.comet.comet_utils import check_comet_resume from utils.loss import ComputeLoss from utils.metrics import fitness from utils.plots import plot_evolve from utils.torch_utils import (EarlyStopping, ModelEMA, de_parallel, select_device, smart_DDP, smart_optimizer, smart_resume, torch_distributed_zero_first) LOCAL_RANK = int(os.getenv('LOCAL_RANK', -1)) # https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/elastic/run.html RANK = int(os.getenv('RANK', -1)) WORLD_SIZE = int(os.getenv('WORLD_SIZE', 1)) GIT_INFO = check_git_info() def train(hyp, opt, device, callbacks): # hyp is path/to/hyp.yaml or hyp dictionary save_dir, epochs, batch_size, weights, single_cls, evolve, data, cfg, resume, noval, nosave, workers, freeze = \ Path(opt.save_dir), opt.epochs, opt.batch_size, opt.weights, opt.single_cls, opt.evolve, opt.data, opt.cfg, \ opt.resume, opt.noval, opt.nosave, opt.workers, opt.freeze callbacks.run('on_pretrain_routine_start') # Directories w = save_dir / 'weights' # weights dir (w.parent if evolve else w).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) # make dir last, best = w / 'last.pt', w / 'best.pt' # Hyperparameters if isinstance(hyp, str): with open(hyp, errors='ignore') as f: hyp = yaml.safe_load(f) # load hyps dict LOGGER.info(colorstr('hyperparameters: ') + ', '.join(f'{k}={v}' for k, v in hyp.items())) opt.hyp = hyp.copy() # for saving hyps to checkpoints # Save run settings if not evolve: yaml_save(save_dir / 'hyp.yaml', hyp) yaml_save(save_dir / 'opt.yaml', vars(opt)) # Loggers data_dict = None if RANK in {-1, 0}: loggers = Loggers(save_dir, weights, opt, hyp, LOGGER) # loggers instance # Register actions for k in methods(loggers): callbacks.register_action(k, callback=getattr(loggers, k)) # Process custom dataset artifact link data_dict = loggers.remote_dataset if resume: # If resuming runs from remote artifact weights, epochs, hyp, batch_size = opt.weights, opt.epochs, opt.hyp, opt.batch_size # Config plots = not evolve and not opt.noplots # create plots cuda = device.type != 'cpu' init_seeds(opt.seed + 1 + RANK, deterministic=True) with torch_distributed_zero_first(LOCAL_RANK): data_dict = data_dict or check_dataset(data) # check if None train_path, val_path = data_dict['train'], data_dict['val'] nc = 1 if single_cls else int(data_dict['nc']) # number of classes names = {0: 'item'} if single_cls and len(data_dict['names']) != 1 else data_dict['names'] # class names is_coco = isinstance(val_path, str) and val_path.endswith('coco/val2017.txt') # COCO dataset # Model check_suffix(weights, '.pt') # check weights pretrained = weights.endswith('.pt') if pretrained: with torch_distributed_zero_first(LOCAL_RANK): weights = attempt_download(weights) # download if not found locally ckpt = torch.load(weights, map_location='cpu', weights_only=False) # load checkpoint to CPU to avoid CUDA memory leak model = Model(cfg or ckpt['model'].yaml, ch=3, nc=nc, anchors=hyp.get('anchors')).to(device) # create exclude = ['anchor'] if (cfg or hyp.get('anchors')) and not resume else [] # exclude keys csd = ckpt['model'].float().state_dict() # checkpoint state_dict as FP32 csd = intersect_dicts(csd, model.state_dict(), exclude=exclude) # intersect model.load_state_dict(csd, strict=False) # load LOGGER.info(f'Transferred {len(csd)}/{len(model.state_dict())} items from {weights}') # report else: model = Model(cfg, ch=3, nc=nc, anchors=hyp.get('anchors')).to(device) # create amp = check_amp(model) # check AMP # Freeze freeze = [f'model.{x}.' for x in (freeze if len(freeze) > 1 else range(freeze[0]))] # layers to freeze for k, v in model.named_parameters(): v.requires_grad = True # train all layers # v.register_hook(lambda x: torch.nan_to_num(x)) # NaN to 0 (commented for erratic training results) if any(x in k for x in freeze): LOGGER.info(f'freezing {k}') v.requires_grad = False # Image size gs = max(int(model.stride.max()), 32) # grid size (max stride) imgsz = check_img_size(opt.imgsz, gs, floor=gs * 2) # verify imgsz is gs-multiple # Batch size if RANK == -1 and batch_size == -1: # single-GPU only, estimate best batch size batch_size = check_train_batch_size(model, imgsz, amp) loggers.on_params_update({"batch_size": batch_size}) # Optimizer nbs = 64 # nominal batch size accumulate = max(round(nbs / batch_size), 1) # accumulate loss before optimizing hyp['weight_decay'] *= batch_size * accumulate / nbs # scale weight_decay optimizer = smart_optimizer(model, opt.optimizer, hyp['lr0'], hyp['momentum'], hyp['weight_decay']) # Scheduler if opt.cos_lr: lf = one_cycle(1, hyp['lrf'], epochs) # cosine 1->hyp['lrf'] else: lf = lambda x: (1 - x / epochs) * (1.0 - hyp['lrf']) + hyp['lrf'] # linear scheduler = lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(optimizer, lr_lambda=lf) # plot_lr_scheduler(optimizer, scheduler, epochs) # EMA ema = ModelEMA(model) if RANK in {-1, 0} else None # Resume best_fitness, start_epoch = 0.0, 0 if pretrained: if resume: best_fitness, start_epoch, epochs = smart_resume(ckpt, optimizer, ema, weights, epochs, resume) del ckpt, csd # DP mode if cuda and RANK == -1 and torch.cuda.device_count() > 1: LOGGER.warning('WARNING ⚠️ DP not recommended, use torch.distributed.run for best DDP Multi-GPU results.\n' 'See Multi-GPU Tutorial at https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/475 to get started.') model = torch.nn.DataParallel(model) # SyncBatchNorm if opt.sync_bn and cuda and RANK != -1: model = torch.nn.SyncBatchNorm.convert_sync_batchnorm(model).to(device) LOGGER.info('Using SyncBatchNorm()') # Trainloader train_loader, dataset = create_dataloader(train_path, imgsz, batch_size // WORLD_SIZE, gs, single_cls, hyp=hyp, augment=True, cache=None if opt.cache == 'val' else opt.cache, rect=opt.rect, rank=LOCAL_RANK, workers=workers, image_weights=opt.image_weights, quad=opt.quad, prefix=colorstr('train: '), shuffle=True) labels = np.concatenate(dataset.labels, 0) mlc = int(labels[:, 0].max()) # max label class assert mlc < nc, f'Label class {mlc} exceeds nc={nc} in {data}. Possible class labels are 0-{nc - 1}' # Process 0 if RANK in {-1, 0}: val_loader = create_dataloader(val_path, imgsz, batch_size // WORLD_SIZE * 2, gs, single_cls, hyp=hyp, cache=None if noval else opt.cache, rect=True, rank=-1, workers=workers * 2, pad=0.5, prefix=colorstr('val: '))[0] if not resume: if not opt.noautoanchor: check_anchors(dataset, model=model, thr=hyp['anchor_t'], imgsz=imgsz) # run AutoAnchor model.half().float() # pre-reduce anchor precision callbacks.run('on_pretrain_routine_end', labels, names) # DDP mode if cuda and RANK != -1: model = smart_DDP(model) # Model attributes nl = de_parallel(model).model[-1].nl # number of detection layers (to scale hyps) hyp['box'] *= 3 / nl # scale to layers hyp['cls'] *= nc / 80 * 3 / nl # scale to classes and layers hyp['obj'] *= (imgsz / 640) ** 2 * 3 / nl # scale to image size and layers hyp['label_smoothing'] = opt.label_smoothing model.nc = nc # attach number of classes to model model.hyp = hyp # attach hyperparameters to model model.class_weights = labels_to_class_weights(dataset.labels, nc).to(device) * nc # attach class weights model.names = names # Start training t0 = time.time() nb = len(train_loader) # number of batches nw = max(round(hyp['warmup_epochs'] * nb), 100) # number of warmup iterations, max(3 epochs, 100 iterations) # nw = min(nw, (epochs - start_epoch) / 2 * nb) # limit warmup to < 1/2 of training last_opt_step = -1 maps = np.zeros(nc) # mAP per class results = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) # P, R, mAP@.5, mAP@.5-.95, val_loss(box, obj, cls) scheduler.last_epoch = start_epoch - 1 # do not move scaler = torch.cuda.amp.GradScaler(enabled=amp) stopper, stop = EarlyStopping(patience=opt.patience), False compute_loss = ComputeLoss(model) # init loss class callbacks.run('on_train_start') LOGGER.info(f'Image sizes {imgsz} train, {imgsz} val\n' f'Using {train_loader.num_workers * WORLD_SIZE} dataloader workers\n' f"Logging results to {colorstr('bold', save_dir)}\n" f'Starting training for {epochs} epochs...') for epoch in range(start_epoch, epochs): # epoch ------------------------------------------------------------------ callbacks.run('on_train_epoch_start') model.train() # Update image weights (optional, single-GPU only) if opt.image_weights: cw = model.class_weights.cpu().numpy() * (1 - maps) ** 2 / nc # class weights iw = labels_to_image_weights(dataset.labels, nc=nc, class_weights=cw) # image weights dataset.indices = random.choices(range(dataset.n), weights=iw, k=dataset.n) # rand weighted idx # Update mosaic border (optional) # b = int(random.uniform(0.25 * imgsz, 0.75 * imgsz + gs) // gs * gs) # dataset.mosaic_border = [b - imgsz, -b] # height, width borders mloss = torch.zeros(3, device=device) # mean losses if RANK != -1: train_loader.sampler.set_epoch(epoch) pbar = enumerate(train_loader) LOGGER.info(('\n' + '%11s' * 7) % ('Epoch', 'GPU_mem', 'box_loss', 'obj_loss', 'cls_loss', 'Instances', 'Size')) if RANK in {-1, 0}: pbar = tqdm(pbar, total=nb, bar_format=TQDM_BAR_FORMAT) # progress bar optimizer.zero_grad() for i, (imgs, targets, paths, _) in pbar: # batch ------------------------------------------------------------- callbacks.run('on_train_batch_start') ni = i + nb * epoch # number integrated batches (since train start) imgs = imgs.to(device, non_blocking=True).float() / 255 # uint8 to float32, 0-255 to 0.0-1.0 # Warmup if ni <= nw: xi = [0, nw] # x interp # compute_loss.gr = np.interp(ni, xi, [0.0, 1.0]) # iou loss ratio (obj_loss = 1.0 or iou) accumulate = max(1, np.interp(ni, xi, [1, nbs / batch_size]).round()) for j, x in enumerate(optimizer.param_groups): # bias lr falls from 0.1 to lr0, all other lrs rise from 0.0 to lr0 x['lr'] = np.interp(ni, xi, [hyp['warmup_bias_lr'] if j == 0 else 0.0, x['initial_lr'] * lf(epoch)]) if 'momentum' in x: x['momentum'] = np.interp(ni, xi, [hyp['warmup_momentum'], hyp['momentum']]) # Multi-scale if opt.multi_scale: sz = random.randrange(imgsz * 0.5, imgsz * 1.5 + gs) // gs * gs # size sf = sz / max(imgs.shape[2:]) # scale factor if sf != 1: ns = [math.ceil(x * sf / gs) * gs for x in imgs.shape[2:]] # new shape (stretched to gs-multiple) imgs = nn.functional.interpolate(imgs, size=ns, mode='bilinear', align_corners=False) # Forward # with torch.cuda.amp.autocast(amp): with torch.amp.autocast(device_type='cuda'): pred = model(imgs) # forward loss, loss_items = compute_loss(pred, targets.to(device)) # loss scaled by batch_size if RANK != -1: loss *= WORLD_SIZE # gradient averaged between devices in DDP mode if opt.quad: loss *= 4. # Backward scaler.scale(loss).backward() # Optimize - https://pytorch.org/docs/master/notes/amp_examples.html if ni - last_opt_step >= accumulate: scaler.unscale_(optimizer) # unscale gradients torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), max_norm=10.0) # clip gradients scaler.step(optimizer) # optimizer.step scaler.update() optimizer.zero_grad() if ema: ema.update(model) last_opt_step = ni # Log if RANK in {-1, 0}: mloss = (mloss * i + loss_items) / (i + 1) # update mean losses mem = f'{torch.cuda.memory_reserved() / 1E9 if torch.cuda.is_available() else 0:.3g}G' # (GB) pbar.set_description(('%11s' * 2 + '%11.4g' * 5) % (f'{epoch}/{epochs - 1}', mem, *mloss, targets.shape[0], imgs.shape[-1])) callbacks.run('on_train_batch_end', model, ni, imgs, targets, paths, list(mloss)) if callbacks.stop_training: return # end batch ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Scheduler lr = [x['lr'] for x in optimizer.param_groups] # for loggers scheduler.step() if RANK in {-1, 0}: # mAP callbacks.run('on_train_epoch_end', epoch=epoch) ema.update_attr(model, include=['yaml', 'nc', 'hyp', 'names', 'stride', 'class_weights']) final_epoch = (epoch + 1 == epochs) or stopper.possible_stop if not noval or final_epoch: # Calculate mAP results, maps, _ = validate.run(data_dict, batch_size=batch_size // WORLD_SIZE * 2, imgsz=imgsz, half=amp, model=ema.ema, single_cls=single_cls, dataloader=val_loader, save_dir=save_dir, plots=False, callbacks=callbacks, compute_loss=compute_loss) # Update best mAP fi = fitness(np.array(results).reshape(1, -1)) # weighted combination of [P, R, mAP@.5, mAP@.5-.95] stop = stopper(epoch=epoch, fitness=fi) # early stop check if fi > best_fitness: best_fitness = fi log_vals = list(mloss) + list(results) + lr callbacks.run('on_fit_epoch_end', log_vals, epoch, best_fitness, fi) # Save model if (not nosave) or (final_epoch and not evolve): # if save ckpt = { 'epoch': epoch, 'best_fitness': best_fitness, 'model': deepcopy(de_parallel(model)).half(), 'ema': deepcopy(ema.ema).half(), 'updates': ema.updates, 'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict(), 'opt': vars(opt), 'git': GIT_INFO, # {remote, branch, commit} if a git repo 'date': datetime.now().isoformat()} # Save last, best and delete torch.save(ckpt, last) if best_fitness == fi: torch.save(ckpt, best) if opt.save_period > 0 and epoch % opt.save_period == 0: torch.save(ckpt, w / f'epoch{epoch}.pt') del ckpt callbacks.run('on_model_save', last, epoch, final_epoch, best_fitness, fi) # EarlyStopping if RANK != -1: # if DDP training broadcast_list = [stop if RANK == 0 else None] dist.broadcast_object_list(broadcast_list, 0) # broadcast 'stop' to all ranks if RANK != 0: stop = broadcast_list[0] if stop: break # must break all DDP ranks # end epoch ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # end training ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- if RANK in {-1, 0}: LOGGER.info(f'\n{epoch - start_epoch + 1} epochs completed in {(time.time() - t0) / 3600:.3f} hours.') for f in last, best: if f.exists(): strip_optimizer(f) # strip optimizers if f is best: LOGGER.info(f'\nValidating {f}...') results, _, _ = validate.run( data_dict, batch_size=batch_size // WORLD_SIZE * 2, imgsz=imgsz, model=attempt_load(f, device).half(), iou_thres=0.65 if is_coco else 0.60, # best pycocotools at iou 0.65 single_cls=single_cls, dataloader=val_loader, save_dir=save_dir, save_json=is_coco, verbose=True, plots=plots, callbacks=callbacks, compute_loss=compute_loss) # val best model with plots if is_coco: callbacks.run('on_fit_epoch_end', list(mloss) + list(results) + lr, epoch, best_fitness, fi) callbacks.run('on_train_end', last, best, epoch, results) torch.cuda.empty_cache() return results def parse_opt(known=False): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('--weights', type=str, default='./weights/yolov5s.pt', help='initial weights path') parser.add_argument('--cfg', type=str, default='./models/yolov5s.yaml', help='model.yaml path') parser.add_argument('--data', type=str, default=r'C:data/AAAA.yaml', help='data.yaml path') parser.add_argument('--hyp', type=str, default=ROOT / 'data/hyps/hyp.scratch-low.yaml', help='hyperparameters path') parser.add_argument('--epochs', type=int, default=100, help='total training epochs') parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=1, help='total batch size for all GPUs, -1 for autobatch') parser.add_argument('--imgsz', '--img', '--img-size', type=int, default=640, help='train, val image size (pixels)') parser.add_argument('--rect', action='store_true', help='rectangular training') parser.add_argument('--resume', nargs='?', const=True, default=False, help='resume most recent training') parser.add_argument('--nosave', action='store_true', help='only save final checkpoint') parser.add_argument('--noval', action='store_true', help='only validate final epoch') parser.add_argument('--noautoanchor', action='store_true', help='disable AutoAnchor') parser.add_argument('--noplots', action='store_true', help='save no plot files') parser.add_argument('--evolve', type=int, nargs='?', const=300, help='evolve hyperparameters for x generations') parser.add_argument('--bucket', type=str, default='', help='gsutil bucket') parser.add_argument('--cache', type=str, nargs='?', const='ram', help='image --cache ram/disk') parser.add_argument('--image-weights', action='store_true', help='use weighted image selection for training') parser.add_argument('--device', default='', help='cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu') parser.add_argument('--multi-scale', action='store_true', help='vary img-size +/- 50%%') parser.add_argument('--single-cls', action='store_true', help='train multi-class data as single-class') parser.add_argument('--optimizer', type=str, choices=['SGD', 'Adam', 'AdamW'], default='SGD', help='optimizer') parser.add_argument('--sync-bn', action='store_true', help='use SyncBatchNorm, only available in DDP mode') parser.add_argument('--workers', type=int, default=8, help='max dataloader workers (per RANK in DDP mode)') parser.add_argument('--project', default=ROOT / 'runs/train', help='save to project/name') parser.add_argument('--name', default='welding_defect_yolov5s_20241101_300', help='save to project/name') parser.add_argument('--exist-ok', action='store_true', help='existing project/name ok, do not increment') parser.add_argument('--quad', action='store_true', help='quad dataloader') parser.add_argument('--cos-lr', action='store_true', help='cosine LR scheduler') parser.add_argument('--label-smoothing', type=float, default=0.0, help='Label smoothing epsilon') parser.add_argument('--patience', type=int, default=100, help='EarlyStopping patience (epochs without improvement)') parser.add_argument('--freeze', nargs='+', type=int, default=[0], help='Freeze layers: backbone=10, first3=0 1 2') parser.add_argument('--save-period', type=int, default=5, help='Save checkpoint every x epochs (disabled if < 1)') parser.add_argument('--seed', type=int, default=0, help='Global training seed') parser.add_argument('--local_rank', type=int, default=-1, help='Automatic DDP Multi-GPU argument, do not modify') # Logger arguments parser.add_argument('--entity', default=None, help='Entity') parser.add_argument('--upload_dataset', nargs='?', const=True, default=False, help='Upload data, "val" option') parser.add_argument('--bbox_interval', type=int, default=-1, help='Set bounding-box image logging interval') parser.add_argument('--artifact_alias', type=str, default='latest', help='Version of dataset artifact to use') return parser.parse_known_args()[0] if known else parser.parse_args() def main(opt, callbacks=Callbacks()): # Checks if RANK in {-1, 0}: print_args(vars(opt)) check_git_status() check_requirements() # Resume (from specified or most recent last.pt) if opt.resume and not check_comet_resume(opt) and not opt.evolve: last = Path(check_file(opt.resume) if isinstance(opt.resume, str) else get_latest_run()) opt_yaml = last.parent.parent / 'opt.yaml' # train options yaml opt_data = opt.data # original dataset if opt_yaml.is_file(): with open(opt_yaml, errors='ignore') as f: d = yaml.safe_load(f) else: d = torch.load(last, map_location='cpu')['opt'] opt = argparse.Namespace(**d) # replace opt.cfg, opt.weights, opt.resume = '', str(last), True # reinstate if is_url(opt_data): opt.data = check_file(opt_data) # avoid HUB resume auth timeout else: opt.data, opt.cfg, opt.hyp, opt.weights, opt.project = \ check_file(opt.data), check_yaml(opt.cfg), check_yaml(opt.hyp), str(opt.weights), str(opt.project) # checks assert len(opt.cfg) or len(opt.weights), 'either --cfg or --weights must be specified' if opt.evolve: if opt.project == str(ROOT / 'runs/train'): # if default project name, rename to runs/evolve opt.project = str(ROOT / 'runs/evolve') opt.exist_ok, opt.resume = opt.resume, False # pass resume to exist_ok and disable resume if opt.name == 'cfg': opt.name = Path(opt.cfg).stem # use model.yaml as name opt.save_dir = str(increment_path(Path(opt.project) / opt.name, exist_ok=opt.exist_ok)) # DDP mode device = select_device(opt.device, batch_size=opt.batch_size) if LOCAL_RANK != -1: msg = 'is not compatible with YOLOv5 Multi-GPU DDP training' assert not opt.image_weights, f'--image-weights {msg}' assert not opt.evolve, f'--evolve {msg}' assert opt.batch_size != -1, f'AutoBatch with --batch-size -1 {msg}, please pass a valid --batch-size' assert opt.batch_size % WORLD_SIZE == 0, f'--batch-size {opt.batch_size} must be multiple of WORLD_SIZE' assert torch.cuda.device_count() > LOCAL_RANK, 'insufficient CUDA devices for DDP command' torch.cuda.set_device(LOCAL_RANK) device = torch.device('cuda', LOCAL_RANK) dist.init_process_group(backend="nccl" if dist.is_nccl_available() else "gloo") # Train if not opt.evolve: train(opt.hyp, opt, device, callbacks) # Evolve hyperparameters (optional) else: # Hyperparameter evolution metadata (mutation scale 0-1, lower_limit, upper_limit) meta = { 'lr0': (1, 1e-5, 1e-1), # initial learning rate (SGD=1E-2, Adam=1E-3) 'lrf': (1, 0.01, 1.0), # final OneCycleLR learning rate (lr0 * lrf) 'momentum': (0.3, 0.6, 0.98), # SGD momentum/Adam beta1 'weight_decay': (1, 0.0, 0.001), # optimizer weight decay 'warmup_epochs': (1, 0.0, 5.0), # warmup epochs (fractions ok) 'warmup_momentum': (1, 0.0, 0.95), # warmup initial momentum 'warmup_bias_lr': (1, 0.0, 0.2), # warmup initial bias lr 'box': (1, 0.02, 0.2), # box loss gain 'cls': (1, 0.2, 4.0), # cls loss gain 'cls_pw': (1, 0.5, 2.0), # cls BCELoss positive_weight 'obj': (1, 0.2, 4.0), # obj loss gain (scale with pixels) 'obj_pw': (1, 0.5, 2.0), # obj BCELoss positive_weight 'iou_t': (0, 0.1, 0.7), # IoU training threshold 'anchor_t': (1, 2.0, 8.0), # anchor-multiple threshold 'anchors': (2, 2.0, 10.0), # anchors per output grid (0 to ignore) 'fl_gamma': (0, 0.0, 2.0), # focal loss gamma (efficientDet default gamma=1.5) 'hsv_h': (1, 0.0, 0.1), # image HSV-Hue augmentation (fraction) 'hsv_s': (1, 0.0, 0.9), # image HSV-Saturation augmentation (fraction) 'hsv_v': (1, 0.0, 0.9), # image HSV-Value augmentation (fraction) 'degrees': (1, 0.0, 45.0), # image rotation (+/- deg) 'translate': (1, 0.0, 0.9), # image translation (+/- fraction) 'scale': (1, 0.0, 0.9), # image scale (+/- gain) 'shear': (1, 0.0, 10.0), # image shear (+/- deg) 'perspective': (0, 0.0, 0.001), # image perspective (+/- fraction), range 0-0.001 'flipud': (1, 0.0, 1.0), # image flip up-down (probability) 'fliplr': (0, 0.0, 1.0), # image flip left-right (probability) 'mosaic': (1, 0.0, 1.0), # image mixup (probability) 'mixup': (1, 0.0, 1.0), # image mixup (probability) 'copy_paste': (1, 0.0, 1.0)} # segment copy-paste (probability) with open(opt.hyp, errors='ignore') as f: hyp = yaml.safe_load(f) # load hyps dict if 'anchors' not in hyp: # anchors commented in hyp.yaml hyp['anchors'] = 3 if opt.noautoanchor: del hyp['anchors'], meta['anchors'] opt.noval, opt.nosave, save_dir = True, True, Path(opt.save_dir) # only val/save final epoch # ei = [isinstance(x, (int, float)) for x in hyp.values()] # evolvable indices evolve_yaml, evolve_csv = save_dir / 'hyp_evolve.yaml', save_dir / 'evolve.csv' if opt.bucket: os.system(f'gsutil cp gs://{opt.bucket}/evolve.csv {evolve_csv}') # download evolve.csv if exists for _ in range(opt.evolve): # generations to evolve if evolve_csv.exists(): # if evolve.csv exists: select best hyps and mutate # Select parent(s) parent = 'single' # parent selection method: 'single' or 'weighted' x = np.loadtxt(evolve_csv, ndmin=2, delimiter=',', skiprows=1) n = min(5, len(x)) # number of previous results to consider x = x[np.argsort(-fitness(x))][:n] # top n mutations w = fitness(x) - fitness(x).min() + 1E-6 # weights (sum > 0) if parent == 'single' or len(x) == 1: # x = x[random.randint(0, n - 1)] # random selection x = x[random.choices(range(n), weights=w)[0]] # weighted selection elif parent == 'weighted': x = (x * w.reshape(n, 1)).sum(0) / w.sum() # weighted combination # Mutate mp, s = 0.8, 0.2 # mutation probability, sigma npr = np.random npr.seed(int(time.time())) g = np.array([meta[k][0] for k in hyp.keys()]) # gains 0-1 ng = len(meta) v = np.ones(ng) while all(v == 1): # mutate until a change occurs (prevent duplicates) v = (g * (npr.random(ng) < mp) * npr.randn(ng) * npr.random() * s + 1).clip(0.3, 3.0) for i, k in enumerate(hyp.keys()): # plt.hist(v.ravel(), 300) hyp[k] = float(x[i + 7] * v[i]) # mutate # Constrain to limits for k, v in meta.items(): hyp[k] = max(hyp[k], v[1]) # lower limit hyp[k] = min(hyp[k], v[2]) # upper limit hyp[k] = round(hyp[k], 5) # significant digits # Train mutation results = train(hyp.copy(), opt, device, callbacks) callbacks = Callbacks() # Write mutation results keys = ('metrics/precision', 'metrics/recall', 'metrics/mAP_0.5', 'metrics/mAP_0.5:0.95', 'val/box_loss', 'val/obj_loss', 'val/cls_loss') print_mutation(keys, results, hyp.copy(), save_dir, opt.bucket) # Plot results plot_evolve(evolve_csv) LOGGER.info(f'Hyperparameter evolution finished {opt.evolve} generations\n' f"Results saved to {colorstr('bold', save_dir)}\n" f'Usage example: $ python train.py --hyp {evolve_yaml}') def run(**kwargs): # Usage: import train; train.run(data='coco128.yaml', imgsz=320, weights='yolov5m.pt') opt = parse_opt(True) for k, v in kwargs.items(): setattr(opt, k, v) main(opt) return opt if __name__ == "__main__": opt = parse_opt() main(opt) 为什么训练之后,他的runs里面并没有显示best.pt跟last.pt 请查找原因
06-28
评论
成就一亿技术人!
拼手气红包6.0元
还能输入1000个字符
 
红包 添加红包
表情包 插入表情
 条评论被折叠 查看
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值