Ansible-安装（Centos7 通过Yum安装最新发布版本）

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-02 23:15:10 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-06-02 23:15:10 发布

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文章标签： centos ansible搭建 yum

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Myron_007/article/details/70154384

本文介绍如何在Centos7上安装Ansible，并通过Yum进行配置。此外，还介绍了设置SSH密钥以实现节点鉴权，以及如何使用Ansible执行ad-hoc命令和编写playbook来完成各种自动化任务。

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Ansible-安装（Centos7 通过Yum安装最新发布版本）

1.环境准备

操作系统:Contos7
Python版本: Python 2.6 或 Python 2.7

2.设置EPEL仓库

通过Yum安装RPMs适用于 EPEL 6, 7。Ansible仓库默认不在yum仓库中，因此我们需要使用下面的命令启用epel仓库

rpm -iUvh http://dl.Fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm

3.使用yum安装Ansible

安装 : yum install ansible

[root@localhost myron01]# yum install ansible
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
.......
.......
Installed:
  ansible.noarch 0:2.2.1.0-1.el7                                                
Dependency Installed:
  PyYAML.x86_64 0:3.10-11.el7             libtomcrypt.x86_64 0:1.17-23.el7     
  libtommath.x86_64 0:0.42.0-4.el7        libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0      
  python-babel.noarch 0:0.9.6-8.el7       python-httplib2.noarch 0:0.7.7-3.el7 
  python-jinja2.noarch 0:2.7.2-2.el7      python-keyczar.noarch 0:0.71c-2.el7  
  python-markupsafe.x86_64 0:0.11-10.el7  python-six.noarch 0:1.9.0-2.el7      
  python2-crypto.x86_64 0:2.6.1-13.el7    python2-ecdsa.noarch 0:0.13-4.el7    
  python2-paramiko.noarch 0:1.16.1-2.el7  python2-pyasn1.noarch 0:0.1.9-7.el7  
  sshpass.x86_64 0:1.06-1.el7            
Complete!
[root@localhost myron01]#

版本检查：ansible –version（两个-）

[root@localhost myron01]# ansible --version
ansible 2.2.1.0
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
  configured module search path = Default w/o overrides

4.设置用于节点鉴权的SSH密钥

进入~/.ssh生成秘钥 ssh-keygen

[root@localhost ansible]# cd ~/.ssh
[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
5b:ae:1e:90:b9:85:90:f2:0a:c1:ef:e7:88:23:f5:a6 root@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|.    .           |
|... o            |
| ..o . +         |
|.  .. = S .      |
| .o.   + +       |
| ..o .. o .      |
|... *    o       |
|..E+ . .o        |
+-----------------+
[root@localhost .ssh]#

使用ssh-copy-id命令来复制Ansible公钥到节点中

[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-copy-id myron@192.168.150.136
The authenticity of host '192.168.150.136 (192.168.150.136)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is f6:c2:20:dc:ec:28:71:4a:fe:4d:d9:5d:39:39:65:8f.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
myron@192.168.150.136's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'myron@192.168.150.136'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@localhost .ssh]#

测试免密操作 ansible all -m ping -u myron

[root@localhost .ssh]# ansible all -m ping -u myron
192.168.150.136 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@localhost .ssh]#

5.基本功能

Ansible提供两种方式去完成任务,ad-hoc 命令和写 Ansible playbook

ad-hoc 命令—可以解决一些简单的任务
ad-hoc 命令是什么？

ad-hoc这其实是一个概念性的名字,是相对于写 Ansible playbook 来说的.类似于在命令行敲入shell命令和写shell scripts两者之间的关系

示例：查看托管节点的主机名
```
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible 192.168.150.138 -m command -a "hostname" -u myron
192.168.150.138 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
localhost.localdomain
[root@localhost ansible]#
```
示例：查看托管节点主机的Java版本
```
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible 192.168.150.138 -a "java -version" -u myron
192.168.150.138 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
java version "1.7.0_51"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.4.5.5.el7-x86_64 u51-b31)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.51-b03, mixed mode)
[root@localhost ansible]# 
```
说明：
192.168.150.138 是管理主机配置的托管节点 /etc/ansible/hosts 中配置
-m 模块名用户执行对应的功能 (默认：command) 所以执行ansible 192.168.150.138 -a “hostname” -u myron 效果一样

Ansible是基于模块工作的，本身没有批量部署的能力。真正具有批量部署的是ansible所运行的模块，ansible只是提供一种框架。
写 Ansible playbook—后者解决较复杂的任务.
Playbooks是什么？

Playbooks 是 Ansible的配置,部署,编排语言.他们可以被描述为一个需要希望远程主机执行命令的方案,或者一组IT程序运行的命令集合.