【机器学习】——学术英语

一、基本术语

中文英文中文英文
人工智能 a r t i f i c i a l artificial artificial i n t e l l i g e n c e intelligence intelligence机器学习 m a c h i n e machine machine l e a r n i n g learning learning
统计学习 s t a t i s t i c a l statistical statistical l e a r n i n g learning learning数据挖掘 d a t a data data m i n i n g mining mining
假设 h y p o t h e s i s hypothesis hypothesis假设空间 h y p o t h e s i s hypothesis hypothesis s p a c e space space
监督学习 s u p e r v i s e d supervised supervised l e a r n i n g learning learning非监督学习 u n s u p e r v i s e d unsupervised unsupervised l e a r n i n g learning learning
泛化 g e n e r a l i z a t i o n generalization generalization特化 s p e c i a l i z a t i o n specialization specialization
分布 d i s t r i b u t i o n distribution distribution独立同分布 i n d e p e n d e n t independent independent a n d and and i d e n t i c a l l y identically identically d i s t r i b u t e d distributed distributed ( 简 称 i . i . d ) (简称i.i.d) (i.i.d)
归纳 i n d u c t i o n induction induction演绎 d e d u c t i o n deduction deduction
归纳学习(从样例中学习) i n d u c t i v e inductive inductive l e a r n i n g learning learning归纳偏好(对某种类型假设的偏好) i n d u c t i v e inductive inductive b i a s bias bias
版本空间 v e r s i o n version version s p a c e space space匹配 f i t fit fit
“没有免费的午餐”定理) N o No No F r e e Free Free L u n c h Lunch Lunch T h e o r e m Theorem Theorem(简称 N F L NFL NFL

二、模型评估与选择

中文英文中文英文
错误率 e r r o r error error r a t e rate rate精度 a c c u r a c y accuracy accuracy
误差 e r r o r error error训练误差 t r a i n n i n g trainning trainning e r r o r error error
经验误差 e m p i r i c a l empirical empirical e r r o r error error泛化误差 g e n e r a l i z a t i o n generalization generalization e r r o r error error
过拟合 o v e r f i t t i n g overfitting overfitting欠拟合 u n d e r f i t t i n g underfitting underfitting
模型选择 m o d e l model model s e l e c t i o n selection selection测试集 t e s t test test s e t set set
测试误差 t e s t test test e r r o r error error留出法 h o l d − o u t hold-out holdout
采样 s a m p l i n g sampling sampling分层采样 s t r a t i f i e d stratified stratified s a m p l i n g sampling sampling
保真性 f i d e l i t y fidelity fidelity交叉验证法 c r o s s cross cross v a l i d a t i o n validation validation
k折交叉验证法 k − f o l d k-fold kfold c r o s s cross cross v a l i d a t i o n validation validation留一法 L e a v e − O n e − O u t ( 简 称 : L O O ) Leave-One-Out(简称:LOO) LeaveOneOutLOO
自助法 b o o t s t r a p p i n g bootstrapping bootstrapping自助采样法 b o o t s t r a p bootstrap bootstrap s a m p l i n g sampling sampling
包外估计 o u t − o f − b a g − e s t i m a t e out-of-bag-estimate outofbagestimate参数 p a r a m e t e r parameter parameter
调参 p a r a m e t e r parameter parameter t u r n i n g turning turning验证集 v a l i d a t i o n validation validation s e t set set
性能度量 p e r f o r m a n c e performance performance m e a s u r e measure measure均方误差 m e a n mean mean s q u a r e d squared squared e r r o r error error
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