RecyclerView使用详解各种布局

最新推荐文章于 2025-02-27 16:39:25 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-02-27 16:39:25 发布

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文章标签： RecyclerView 瀑布流网格布局

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Mr___Xu/article/details/81001756

版权

本文详细介绍了RecyclerView的使用方法，包括其优势、基本使用流程、不同布局管理器的应用、自定义分割线及点击事件处理等内容。

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RecyclerView是support:recyclerview-v7中提供的控件，最低兼容到android 3.0版本。

官方介绍RecyclerView为在有限的窗口展现大量数据的控件。拥有类似功能的控件有ListView、GridView以及被Google遗弃的Gallery等，为毛已经有了它们，Google还推出RecyclerView呢，那就要说说RecyclerView所具有的一些优势了。

那RecyclerView到底有啥优势呢？总结起来六颗字：低耦合高类聚。RecyclerView已经标准化ViewHolder，我们自定义的ViewHoler需要继承 RecyclerView.ViewHolder，然后在构造方法中初始化控件，后面会有具体介绍。通过设置不同的LayoutManager，以及结合ItemDecoration , ItemAnimator，ItemTouchHelper，可以实现非常炫酷的效果，这些是ListView等控件难以企及的。

基本使用：

1.使用前需要在在gradle中添加依赖

implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:27.0.2'

2.编写代码，首先我们需要在Xml中写RecyclerView的布局，

< android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id= "@+id/recyclerView"
android:layout_width= "match_parent"
android:layout_height= "match_parent"/>

然后在activity中获取RecyclerView，并设置LayoutManager以及adapter

//通过findViewById拿到RecyclerView实例
mRecyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recyclerView);
//设置RecyclerView管理器
mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager( new LinearLayoutManager( this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false));
//初始化适配器
mAdapter = new MyRecyclerViewAdapter(list);
//设置添加或删除item时的动画，这里使用默认动画
mRecyclerView.setItemAnimator( new DefaultItemAnimator());
//设置适配器
mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);

下面是MyRecyclerViewAdapter的代码：

package com.sharejoys.recyclerviewdemo.actvity;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.sharejoys.recyclerviewdemo.R;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by 青青-子衿 on 2018/1/15.
*/
public class MyRecyclerViewAdapterextends RecyclerView. Adapter< MyAdapter. ViewHolder> {
private List<String> list;
public MyAdapter(List<String> list) {
this.list = list;
}
@Override
public MyAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.item_base_use, parent, false);
MyAdapter.ViewHolder viewHolder = new MyAdapter.ViewHolder(view);
return viewHolder;
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(MyAdapter.ViewHolder holder, int position) {
holder.mText.setText(list.get(position));
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return list.size();
}
class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView. ViewHolder {
TextView mText;
ViewHolder(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
mText = itemView.findViewById(R.id.item_tx);
}
}
}

这里item_normal的布局也非常简单

<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?>
< LinearLayout
xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width= "match_content"
android:layout_height= "wrap_content"
android:orientation= "vertical">
< TextView
android:id= "@+id/item_tx"
android:layout_width= "match_content"
android:layout_height= "wrap_content"
android:gravity= "center"
android:padding= "10dp"
android:layout_gravity= "center_horizontal"
android:text= "Item"/>
</ LinearLayout>

然后我们运行效果如下

从例子也可以看出来，RecyclerView的用法并不比ListView复杂，反而更灵活好用，它将数据、排列方式、数据的展示方式都分割开来，因此可定制型，自定义的形式也非常多，非常灵活。

设置横向布局：

 mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this, LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL, false));

设置网格布局：

 mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new GridLayoutManager(this, 3));

设置瀑布流：

 mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL));

如果第二个参数可以设置为横向的，则效果如下：

从以上可知，我们可以通过设置不同的管理器，实现不同的效果
LinearLayoutManager：以线性布局展示，可以设置横向和纵向
GridLayoutManager：以网格形式展示，类似GridView效果
StaggeredGridLayoutManager：以瀑布流形式的效果

RecyclerView条目之间默认没有分割线，那是否可以像ListView一样设置divider以及dividerHight搞一条分割线出来呢，答案是不可以的，google并没有提供这样的属性。但是谷歌为我们提供了可以定制的解决办法，那就是以下要说ItemDecoration

利用ItemDecoration实现条目分割线

ItemDecoration是谷歌定义的可用于画分割线的类，是抽象的，需要我们自己去实现

/**
* An ItemDecoration allows the application to add a special drawing and layout offset
* to specific item views from the adapter's data set. This can be useful for drawing dividers
* between items, highlights, visual grouping boundaries and more.
*
* <p>All ItemDecorations are drawn in the order they were added, before the item
* views (in {@link ItemDecoration#onDraw(Canvas, RecyclerView, RecyclerView.State) onDraw()}
* and after the items (in {@link ItemDecoration#onDrawOver(Canvas, RecyclerView,
* RecyclerView.State)}.</p>
*/
public abstract static class ItemDecoration {
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
onDraw(c, parent);
}
@Deprecated
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
}
public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
onDrawOver(c, parent);
}
@Deprecated
public void onDrawOver(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
}
@Deprecated
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) {
outRect.set( 0, 0, 0, 0);
}
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, State state) {
getItemOffsets(outRect, ((LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams()).getViewLayoutPosition(),
parent);
}
}

当我们通过

mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration();

    onDraw: 该方法可以在RecyclerView的画布上画任何装饰，且是在 the item views 被绘制之前回调
    onDrawOver:该方法可以在RecyclerView的画布上画任何装饰，且是在 the item views 被绘制之后回调
    getItemOffsets :可以在该方法中为the item views添加偏移量

下面我们可以就通过继承ItemDecoration为RecyclerView添加分割线。
DividerItemDecoration的代码如下：

package com.sharejoys.mvpdemo.ui.customview;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.support.annotation.IntDef;
import android.support.v4.view.ViewCompat;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.View;
/**
* Date: 2018/1/14
*
* @author 青青-子衿
* @since 1.0
*/
public class DividerItemDecoration extends RecyclerView. ItemDecoration {
@OrientationType
private int mOrientation = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL;
private Drawable mDivider;
private int[] attrs = new int[]{
android.R.attr.listDivider
};
public DividerItemDecoration(Context context, @OrientationType int orientation) {
TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs);
mDivider = typedArray.getDrawable( 0);
typedArray.recycle();
setOrientation(orientation);
}
private void setOrientation(@OrientationType int orientation) {
if (orientation != LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL && orientation != LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException( "传入的布局类型不合法");
}
this.mOrientation = orientation;
}
@Override
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
//调用这个绘制方法，RecyclerView会回调该绘制方法，需要我们自己去绘制条目的间隔线
if (mOrientation == LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL) {
//垂直
drawVertical(c, parent);
} else {
//水平
drawHorizontal(c, parent);
}
}
private void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
// 画水平线
int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();
int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();
int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for ( int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin + Math.round(ViewCompat.getTranslationY(child));
int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(c);
}
}
private void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
int top = parent.getPaddingTop();
int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();
int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for ( int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin + Math.round(ViewCompat.getTranslationX(child));
int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(c);
}
}
@Override
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
//获得条目的偏移量（所有的条目都会回调一次该方法）
if (mOrientation == LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL) {
//垂直
outRect.set( 0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
} else {
//水平
outRect.set( 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);
}
}
@IntDef({LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL})
public @interface OrientationType {
}
}

然后在activity设置水平方向

mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager( new LinearLayoutManager( this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false);
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration( new DividerItemDecoration( this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL));

竖直方向：

mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager( new LinearLayoutManager( this, LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONAL, false);
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration( new DividerItemDecoration( this, LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONAL))

这里的分割线是默认的，我们可以在主题中去设置分割线的颜色


< style name= "AppTheme" parent= "Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">

< item name= "colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</ item>
< item name= "colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</ item>
< item name= "colorAccent">@color/colorAccent</ item>
< item name= "android:listDivider">@drawable/bg_recyclerview_divider</ item>
</ style>

bg_recyclerview_divider.xml

<?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?>
< shape xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:shape= "rectangle">
< gradient
android:centerColor= "#ff00ff00"
android:endColor= "#ff0000ff"
android:startColor= "#ffff0000"
android:type= "linear"/>
< size
android:width= "10dp"
android:height= "10dp"/>
</ shape>

运行后效果如下

以上的分割线只适用在LinearLayoutManager的相关布局中。
对于GridLayoutManager布局是不适用的。需要我们单独写一个。

以下是对于GridLayoutManager布局的分割线代码

package com.sharejoys.recyclerviewdemo.view;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.support.v7.widget.GridLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.View;
/**
* Date: 2018/1/14
*
* @author 青青-子衿
* @since 1.0
*/
public class DividerGridViewItemDecoration extends RecyclerView. ItemDecoration {
private Drawable mDivider;
private int[] attrs = new int[]{
android.R.attr.listDivider};
public DividerGridViewItemDecoration(Context context) {
TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs);
mDivider = typedArray.getDrawable( 0);
typedArray.recycle();
}
@Override
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
drawVertical(c, parent);
drawHorizontal(c, parent);
}
private void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
//绘制垂直间隔线（垂直的矩形）
int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for ( int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth();
int top = child.getTop() - params.topMargin;
int bottom = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(c);
}
}
private void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
//绘制水平分割线
int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for ( int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int left = child.getLeft() - params.leftMargin;
int right = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin + mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth();
int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(c);
}
}
@Override
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
// 四个方向的偏移值
int right = mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth();
int bottom = mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams();
int itemPosition = params.getViewAdapterPosition();
if (isLastColum(itemPosition, parent)) {
right = 0;
}
if (isLastRow(itemPosition, parent)) {
bottom = 0;
}
outRect.set( 0, 0, right, bottom);
}
/**
* 是否最后一行
*/
private boolean isLastRow( int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) {
int spanCount = getSpanCount(parent);
if (spanCount != - 1) {
int childCount = parent.getAdapter().getItemCount();
int lastRowCount = childCount % spanCount;
//最后一行的数量小于spanCount
if (lastRowCount == 0 || lastRowCount < spanCount) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* 根据parent获取到列数
*/
private int getSpanCount(RecyclerView parent) {
RecyclerView.LayoutManager layoutManager = parent.getLayoutManager();
if (layoutManager instanceof GridLayoutManager) {
GridLayoutManager lm = (GridLayoutManager) layoutManager;
int spanCount = lm.getSpanCount();
return spanCount;
}
return - 1;
}
/**
* 判断是否是最后一列
*/
private boolean isLastColum( int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) {
int spanCount = getSpanCount(parent);
if (spanCount != - 1) {
if ((itemPosition + 1) % spanCount == 0) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}

我们在activity中使用该分割线

mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager( new GridLayoutManager( this, 3));
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration( new DividerGridViewItemDecoration( this));

点击事件

RecyclerView并没有像ListView的那样可以设置点击事件以及长按点击事件，这个需要我们可以在adapter中去设置回调的方式实现，具体代码如下：
MyRecyclerViewAdapter的代码如下：

package com.sharejoys.recyclerviewdemo.actvity;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.sharejoys.recyclerviewdemo.R;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by 青青-子衿 on 2018/1/15.
*/
public class MyRecyclerViewAdapter extends RecyclerView. Adapter< MyRecyclerViewAdapter. ViewHolder> {
private List<String> list;
private OnItemClickListener onItemClickListener;
private OnItemLongClickListener onItemLongClickListener;
/**
* 设置点击事件
*/
public void setOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener onItemClickListener) {
this.onItemClickListener = onItemClickListener;
}
/**
* 设置长按点击事件
*/
public void setOnItemLongClickListener(OnItemLongClickListener onItemLongClickListener) {
this.onItemLongClickListener = onItemLongClickListener;
}
public MyRecyclerViewAdapter(List<String> list) {
this.list = list;
}
@Override
public MyRecyclerViewAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.item_base_use, parent, false);
MyRecyclerViewAdapter.ViewHolder viewHolder = new MyRecyclerViewAdapter.ViewHolder(view);
return viewHolder;
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(MyRecyclerViewAdapter.ViewHolder holder, int position) {
holder.mText.setText(list.get(position));
int adapterPosition = holder.getAdapterPosition();
if (onItemClickListener != null) {
holder.itemView.setOnClickListener( new MyOnClickListener(position, list.get(adapterPosition)));
}
if (onItemLongClickListener != null) {
holder.itemView.setOnLongClickListener( new MyOnLongClickListener(position, list.get(adapterPosition)));
}
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return list.size();
}
class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView. ViewHolder {
TextView mText;
ViewHolder(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
mText = itemView.findViewById(R.id.item_tx);
}
}
private class MyOnLongClickListener implements View. OnLongClickListener {
private int position;
private String data;
public MyOnLongClickListener( int position, String data) {
this.position = position;
this.data = data;
}
@Override
public boolean onLongClick(View v) {
onItemLongClickListener.onItemLongClick(v, position, data);
return true;
}
}
private class MyOnClickListener implements View. OnClickListener {
private int position;
private String data;
public MyOnClickListener( int position, String data) {
this.position = position;
this.data = data;
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
onItemClickListener.onItemClick(v, position, data);
}
}
public interface OnItemClickListener {
void onItemClick(View view, int position, String data);
}
public interface OnItemLongClickListener {
void onItemLongClick(View view, int position, String data);
}
}

activity中设置监听：

mAdapter.setOnItemClickListener( new MyRecyclerViewAdapter.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(View view, int position, String data) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity. this, "您点击了： " + data, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
mAdapter.setOnItemLongClickListener( new MyRecyclerViewAdapter.OnItemLongClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemLongClick(View view, int position, String data) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity. this, "您长按点击了： " + data, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});