service服务

Mr_Leixiansheng

已于 2023-06-29 17:11:04 修改

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分类专栏：安卓初学文章标签： android java

于 2017-03-28 09:56:09 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/Mr_Leixiansheng/article/details/67632165

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本文详细介绍了 Android 中 Service 的使用方式，包括如何通过 bindService 实现 Activity 和 Service 的绑定及通信，以及 IntentService 的应用场景和生命周期。

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通过bindService()得到的Service是和启动源（Activity）绑定在一起的，在Activity退出的时候需要调用unbindService()进行解绑定（停止）。

调用bindService()时会调用到目标Service的onBind()函数，通过IBinder接口实例，返回一个ServiceConnection对象给启动源。然后启动源可以通过ServiceConnection对象得到启动的Service对象
1. 使用方法：
（1）重写onBind()方法
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return new MyBinder();
}
（2）MyBinder是继承自Binder类的，而Binder类实际上实现了IBinder接口
public class MyBinder extends Binder{
public MyBindService getService(){
return MyBindService.this; //返回这个Service的实例
}
}
（3）在启动源的Activity中创建一个ServiceConnection实例
ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
//当启动源跟service的连接意外丢失的时候会调用
//比如service崩溃了，或被强行杀死了
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
//当启动源跟service成功连接之后会调用这个方法
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
MyBindService myService = ((MyBinder)service).getService();
}
};
（4）bindService()中指定ServiceConnection conn参数

bindService(intent2, conn, Service.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

demo：

package com.example.administrator.servicetest;


import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    private Button startService;

    private Button stopService;

    private Button bind;

    private Button unbind;

    private Button startIntent;

    private MyService.DownloadBinder downloadBinder;

    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {

            downloadBinder = (MyService.DownloadBinder) iBinder;
            downloadBinder.startDOwnload();
            downloadBinder.getProgress();
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {

        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        startService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start);
        stopService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop);
        bind = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind);
        unbind = (Button) findViewById(R.id.unbind);
        startIntent = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_intent);

        startService.setOnClickListener(this);
        stopService.setOnClickListener(this);
        bind.setOnClickListener(this);
        unbind.setOnClickListener(this);
        startIntent.setOnClickListener(this);

    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.start:
                Intent startIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
                startService(startIntent);
                break;
            case R.id.stop:
                Intent stopIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
                stopService(stopIntent);
                break;
            case R.id.bind:
                Intent bindIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
                bindService(bindIntent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
                break;
            case R.id.unbind:
                unbindService(connection);
                break;
            case R.id.start_intent:
                Log.i("MainActivity", "Thread is " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyIntentService.class);
                startService(intent);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}

package com.example.administrator.servicetest;

import android.app.DownloadManager;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/11/24.
 */

public class MyService extends Service {

    private DownloadBinder mBinder = new DownloadBinder();

    class DownloadBinder extends Binder {

        public void startDOwnload() {
            Log.i("MyService", "startDownload");
        }

        public int getProgress() {
            Log.i("MyService", "getProgress");
            return 0;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {

        return mBinder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();

        Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(MyService.this);
        builder.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
        builder.setContentTitle("这是标题");
        builder.setContentText("这是文本");
        builder.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis());

        Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(MyService.this, MainActivity.class);
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivities(MyService.this, 0, new Intent[] {notificationIntent}, 0);
        Notification notification = builder.build();

        startForeground(1, notification);
        Log.i("MyService","onCreate");
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i("MyService","onStartCommand");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);

    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i("MyService","onDestroys");
    }

}

package com.example.administrator.servicetest;

import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/11/28.
 */

public class MyIntentService extends IntentService {

    public MyIntentService() {
        super("MyIntentService");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
	//接收从活动传过来的数据
        Log.i("MyIntentService", "Thread is " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i("MyIntentService", "onDestroy");

    }
}
	//接收从活动传过来的数据
        Log.i("MyIntentService", "Thread is " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i("MyIntentService", "onDestroy");

    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.administrator.servicetest">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>


        <service android:name=".MyService"></service>

        <service android:name=".MyIntentService"></service>

    </application>

</manifest>

使用Ibinder可获取服务对象,在对service做相关操作

package com.leixiansheng.keepservice; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.IBinder; import android.support.annotation.Nullable; import android.util.Log; /** * Created by Leixiansheng on 2017/12/8. */ public class MyService extends Service { private static final String TAG = "MyService"; private MyBinder binder = new MyBinder(); private boolean isExit = false; public class MyBinder extends Binder { public MyService getService() { Log.i(TAG, "--------getService-------"); return MyService.this; //返回服务对象 } } @Nullable @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { Log.i(TAG, "--------onBind-------"); return binder; } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Log.i(TAG, "--------onCreate-------"); } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { Log.i(TAG, "--------onStartCommand-------"); return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); Log.i(TAG, "--------onDestroy-------"); } }

startService生命周期

12-02 15:23:31.032 28293-28293/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onCreate 12-02 15:23:31.032 28293-28293/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onStartCommand 12-02 15:23:32.732 28293-28293/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onStartCommand 12-02 15:23:35.442 28293-28293/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onDestroy

bindService生命周期

12-02 15:26:41.012 31716-31716/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onCreate 12-02 15:26:41.012 31716-31716/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onBind 12-02 15:26:41.032 31716-31716/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: method in binder 12-02 15:26:41.032 31716-31716/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onServiceConnected 12-02 15:26:52.772 31716-31716/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onDestroy

startService、bindService生命周期

12-02 15:27:52.512 774-774/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onCreate 12-02 15:27:52.512 774-774/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onStartCommand 12-02 15:27:52.512 774-774/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onBind 12-02 15:27:52.522 774-774/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: method in binder 12-02 15:27:52.522 774-774/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onServiceConnected 12-02 15:27:57.022 774-774/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onDestroy

bindService补充：通过onBind()返回到的数据可以通过onServiceConnected获取到binder，通过调用binder的方法可以实现Activity 和Service之间的通信功能。

Service虽然是服务，但是如果做还是操作会产生ANR问题，所以使用IntentService来解决这个问题。
客户端通过startService(Intent)来启动IntentService; 我们并不需要手动地区控制IntentService,当任务执行完后,IntentService会自动停止; 可以启动IntentService多次,每个耗时操作会以工作队列的方式在IntentService的 onHandleIntent回调方法中执行,并且每次只会执行一个工作线程,执行完一，再到二这样!

IntentService生命周期：（执行完后自动销毁）

12-02 16:25:02.692 13801-13801/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onCreate: 12-02 16:25:02.692 13801-13801/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onStartCommand: 12-02 16:25:02.692 13801-13962/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onHandleIntent:intent.getStringExtra() 12-02 16:25:02.702 13801-13801/com.leixiansheng.test I/TAG: onDestroy: