Debian 源列表说明 (关于sources.list 它已经说全了)

本文详细介绍了如何配置Debian系统的软件源,包括主源、计划更新、安全更新等多个部分,并提供了多个镜像站点的选择,帮助用户提高软件更新及下载的速度。

#修改方法

#root权限下 先cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup 备份文件

#然后vim /etc/apt/sources.list 也可以gedit /etc/apt/sources.list或是 nano /etc/apt/sources.list, 根据习惯来修改


# Debian 源列表说明
#
# 本文以 lenny 版本为例,使用时注意适当修改。
# 同一仓库的官方主站和各镜像站点只可取其一,不可叠加。

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 主源
# 必须,一般的包都从此获取。

# 官方主站
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian lenny main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian lenny main contrib non-free

# 大陆网易镜像
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian lenny main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian lenny main contrib non-free

# 台湾镜像之一
deb http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian lenny main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian lenny main contrib non-free

# 台湾镜像之二
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/debian lenny main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/debian lenny main contrib non-free

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 计划更新
# 通常不必,发布小版本之前的测试库。该库包括所有的安全更新,有此则无需再设置安全
# 更新源。

# 官方主站
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian lenny-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian lenny-proposed-updates main contrib non-free

# 大陆网易镜像
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian lenny-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian lenny-proposed-updates main contrib non-free

# 台湾镜像之一
deb http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian lenny-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian lenny-proposed-updates main contrib non-free

# 台湾镜像之二
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/debian lenny-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/debian lenny-proposed-updates main contrib non-free

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 安全更新
# 建议,若使用了计划更新源则无需此源。

# 官方主站
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security lenny/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security lenny/updates main contrib non-free

# 大陆网易镜像
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security lenny/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security lenny/updates main contrib non-free

# 台湾镜像之一
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/debian-security lenny/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/debian-security lenny/updates main contrib non-free

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 易变量更新
# 建议,有些软件存在部分数据经常变动,如杀软病毒库之类。

# 官方主站
deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile lenny/volatile main contrib non-free
deb-src http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile lenny/volatile main contrib non-free

# 台湾镜像之一
deb http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian-volatile lenny/volatile main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian-volatile lenny/volatile main contrib non-free

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 多媒体源
# 想当桌面用的就必须加上,解码器等都在此。
# 使用前先下载安装 http://www.debian-multimedia.org/pool/main/d/debian-multimedia-keyring/ 中的 debian-multimedia-keyring_2008.10.16_all.deb 或更新版本。

# 官方主站
deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org lenny main
deb-src http://www.debian-multimedia.org lenny main

# 台湾镜像之一
deb http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian-multimedia lenny main
deb-src http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian-multimedia lenny main

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 后备源
# 一般进入 stable 的软件都会被锁定版本,只有安全更新,绝无版本升级,但仍有部分软
# 件可能需要新版,甚至添加一些原本没有的软件,此库正为此例外情况而设。
# 使用前先下载安装 http://www.backports.org/debian/pool/main/d/debian-backports-keyring/ 中的 debian-backports-keyring_2009.02.20_all.deb 或更新版本。
# 使用时带 -t lenny-backports 参数,如:
# aptitude install -R -t lenny-backports opoffice.org
# 这将安装 3.1.1 版本的 OpenOffice.org ,否则将是 2.4.1 版。

# 官方主站
deb http://www.backports.org/debian lenny-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://www.backports.org/debian lenny-backports main contrib non-free

# 大陆网易镜像
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-backport lenny-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-backport lenny-backports main contrib non-free

# 台湾镜像之一
deb http://ftp.tw.debian.org/backports.org lenny-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.tw.debian.org/backports.org lenny-backports main contrib non-free

linux-debian软件安装包sources.list 路径 /etc/apt # deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.2.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 CD Binary-1 20150906-11:13]/ jessie main # deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.2.0 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 CD Binary-1 20150906-11:13]/ jessie main # deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ experimental main deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free # deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib # deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-updates main non-free contrib # deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-backports main non-free contrib # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie main non-free contrib # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-updates main non-free contrib # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-backports main non-free contrib # deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ jessie/updates main non-free contrib # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ jessie/updates main non-free contrib # deb http://cs3.swfu.edu.cn/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free # Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify: # deb http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main # Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify: # deb-src http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main # jessie-updates, previously known as 'volatile' # A network mirror was not selected during install. The following entries # are provided as examples, but you should amend them as appropriate # for your mirror of choice. # deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ jessie-updates main # deb-
### Debian 13 `sources.list` 配置方法 Debian 13 是基于 Debian 的 Linux 系统,其软件配置文件 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 决定了 APT(Advanced Package Tool)在哪些仓库中查找和安装软件包。为了提高软件包的下载速度和稳定性,可以将默认的官方替换为国内的镜像,例如阿里云、清华大学、中国科学技术大学等。 #### 1. 确定系统版本代号 Debian 的每个版本都有一个对应的代号,如 Debian 10 是 `buster`,Debian 12 是 `bookworm`。对于 Debian 13,其代号为 `trixie`。因此,在配置 `sources.list` 时,需要将仓库地址中的版本号替换为 `trixie`。 #### 2. 备份原始 `sources.list` 在修改 `sources.list` 文件之前,建议先备份原始文件: ```bash sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak ``` #### 3. 编辑 `sources.list` 文件 使用文本编辑器(如 `nano` 或 `vim`)打开 `/etc/apt/sources.list` 文件: ```bash sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list ``` #### 4. 配置阿里云镜像 以下是一个适用于 Debian 13 的阿里云镜像配置示例: ```plaintext deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ trixie-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ trixie-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware ``` #### 5. 配置清华大学镜像 如果选择使用清华大学的镜像,可以将以下内容添加到 `sources.list` 文件中: ```plaintext deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ trixie-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware ``` #### 6. 更新软件包列表 完成 `sources.list` 文件的配置后,执行以下命令更新软件包列表: ```bash sudo apt update ``` #### 7. 升级系统(可选) 为了确保系统使用最新的软件包,可以执行以下命令升级系统: ```bash sudo apt upgrade ``` ###
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