spring cloud 入门实践系列 - Hystrix

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-20 20:18:59 发布

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本文介绍Hystrix——一款专为隔离远程系统、服务及第三方库访问点而设计的延迟与容错库。文章详细阐述了如何利用Hystrix在Spring Boot项目中实现断路器功能，通过具体实例演示了配置过程、代码实现及效果验证。

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Hystrix is a latency and fault tolerance library designed to isolate points of access to remote systems, services and 3rd party libraries, stop cascading failure and enable resilience in complex distributed systems where failure is inevitable.
Hystrix是一个延迟和容错库，旨在隔离对远程系统，服务和第三方库的访问点，在复杂的分布式系统中，当故障是不可避免时，阻止级联故障和启用恢复能力。

Circuit Breaker   断路器

Hystrix在微服务架构中的位置

微服务架构

这里写图片描述

Hystrix在微服务架构位置

这里写图片描述

Hystrix阻止了级联故障

Hystrix使用

创建spring boot工程

这里写图片描述

配置pom文件引入相关jar包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.zhang</groupId>
    <artifactId>hystrixtest</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>hystrixtest</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

配置文件application.yml

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
  port: 8768
spring:
  application:
    name: service-hello

Application代码

package com.zhang;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.Map;

@RestController
@EnableHystrixDashboard
@EnableHystrix
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class HystrixtestApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HystrixtestApplication.class, args);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "defaultStores")
    public String test(@RequestParam String name){
        if("zxl".equals(name)){
            int a=1/0;
        }
        return "hello "+name+",this is test";
    }

    public String defaultStores(String name) {
        return "这是断路后返回结果";
    }
}