一。action的三种开发方式
（1）不实现任何接口，不继承任何类除了Object类<package name="hello" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="helloAction_sys" class="cn.ies.struts2.HelloAction" method="sys">
<result name="sys">/sys.jsp</result>
</action>
<action name="helloAction_show" class="cn.ies.struts2.HelloAction" method="show">
<result name="show">/show.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>package cn.ies.struts2;
public class HelloAction {
public String sys() {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName()+"----sys()");
return "sys";
}
public String show() {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName()+"----show()");
return "show";
}
}
（2）创建类，实现接口Action。
package cn.ies.struts2;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
public class UserAction implements Action{
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName()+"----");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
<action name="userAction" class="cn.ies.struts2.UserAction">
<result name="success">/add.jsp</result>
</action>
（3）创建类，继承ActionSupport类。（开发中最常用的方式）
package cn.ies.struts2;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class PersonAction extends ActionSupport{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
return NONE;
}
public String sys() {
System.out.println("action...................");
return NONE;
}
public String add() {
System.out.println("add............");
return "add";
}
public String update() {
System.out.println("update........");
return NONE;
}
public String delete() {
System.out.println("delete..........");
return NONE;
}
public String select() {
System.out.println("select..........");
return NONE;
}
}
<action name="personAction" class="cn.ies.struts2.PersonAction" method="add">
<result name="add">/add.jsp</result>
</action>
二，struts操作三大域对象
编写操作对象类
package cn.ies.struts2;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class ResponseDataAction extends ActionSupport{
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
/*
* request域
* */
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
request.setAttribute("username", "tom");
//session
request.getSession().setAttribute("password", "password");
//servletContext
ServletContext context = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
context.setAttribute("age", 10);
return SUCCESS;
}
}在核心配置文件的package下添加如下配置。
<action name="responseData" class="cn.ies.struts2.ResponseDataAction">
<result name="success">/data.jsp</result>
</action>data.jsp文件，显示发送数据的内容。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>request:${username }</h1>
<h1>session:${password }</h1>
<h1>servletContext:${age }</h1>
</body>
</html>
三。action获取表单提交数据的三种方式
（1）使用ActionContext类
ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();
Map<String, Object> map = context.getParameters();
Set<String> set = map.keySet();
for(String key:set) {
Object obj[] = (Object[]) map.get(key);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(obj));
}
表单界面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/form1.action" method="post">
<label for="username">username</label>
<input type="text" name="username" id="username"/><br/>
<label for="password">password</label>
<input type="password" name="password" id="password"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>package cn.ies.form;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.ast.SuperReference;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Form1Action extends ActionSupport {
/**
* 使用ActionContext类的对象获取数据。
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
//获取actionContext；
ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();
Map<String, Object> map = context.getParameters();
Set<String> set = map.keySet();
for(String key:set) {
Object obj[] = (Object[]) map.get(key);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(obj));
}
return SUCCESS;
}
}使用分模块开发模式，新建form1.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- post请求方式 -->
<constant name="struts.iln8.encoding" value="utf-8"></constant>
<package name="form1" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="form1" class="cn.ies.form.Form1Action">
<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>在核心配置文件中引入新建的配置文件。
<include file="cn/ies/form/form1.xml"></include>
从运行结果可以看出，通过ActionContext类，可以获取表单上的数据。
（2）使用ServletActionContext类HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println("username"+":"+username+"\t password"+":"+password);
编写表单数据获取类；
package cn.ies.form;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Form2Action extends ActionSupport{
/**
* 使用ServletActionContext获取request对象，由request对象获取表单中的信息。
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println("username"+":"+username+"\t password"+":"+password);
return "success";
}
}新建form2.xml文件，配置Form2Action的类信息。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- post请求方式 -->
<constant name="struts.iln8.encoding" value="utf-8"></constant>
<package name="form2" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="form2" class="cn.ies.form.Form2Action">
<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>在struts2的核心配置文件中引入form2.xml文件。
<include file="cn/ies/form/form2.xml"></include>
在我们一般开发中，相对于这三种获取表单的数据的方式，用的最多的就是这一种，但是耦合性很高。如果考虑到数据的封装，会有其他的方式，下面我们将数据封装的时候会讲到。
（3）使用接口注入方式实现ServletRequestAware接口；
package cn.ies.form;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class Form3Action extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware{
/**
* 通过实现ServletRequestAware接口获取表单的数据
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private HttpServletRequest request;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println("username:" +username);
System.out.println("password:"+password);
return SUCCESS;
}
@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request = request;
}
}新建form3.xml文件并配置。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- post请求方式 -->
<constant name="struts.iln8.encoding" value="utf-8"></constant>
<package name="form3" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="form3" class="cn.ies.form.Form3Action">
<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>在struts的核心配置文件中引入form3.xml文件。
<include file="cn/ies/form/form3.xml"></include>
由上面三种实现方式可以看出，方式二相对来说比较简单，也是我们最基本的开发方式。
四，Struts2对数据的封装。
1)原始数据的封装；
既然是数据封装，那一定会有实体类，那么我们先建一个实体类，它有两个属性username和password
package cn.ies.data;
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [username=" + username + ", password=" + password + "]";
}
}package cn.ies.data;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class DataDemo3Action extends ActionSupport{
/**
*原始代码数据封装
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
System.out.println(user.toString());
return SUCCESS;
}
}新建配置文件data3.xml文件。并在struts2的核心配置文件中引入
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- post请求方式 -->
<constant name="struts.iln8.encoding" value="utf-8"></constant>
<package name="data3" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="data3" class="cn.ies.data.DataDemo3Action">
<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
<include file="cn/ies/data/data3.xml"></include>
2）struts2数据封装的三种方式
<1>属性封装
a>在action的成员变量中定义变量
变量名称和表单输入项的name属性值一样
b>生成变量的set的方法（set和get的方法）
c>：说明，使用属性封装获取表单数据到属性里面，不能把数据
直接封装到实体类对象里面
package cn.ies.data;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/*
* 使用属性封装，获取输入值
* */
public class DataDemo1Action extends ActionSupport {
/*
* 变量名称和表单的输入项name值一致。
* */
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(username+"\t"+password);
return SUCCESS;
}
}
<2>模型驱动封装
直接将表单的数据封装到实体类对象中。
a>action实现接口ModelDriven<T>
b>实现接口里面的方法getModel，把c步对象返回
c>在actin里面创建实体类对象。
d>：注意的问题
模型驱动封装和属性封装不能同时获取一个form
表单信息，同时使用时，只会执行模型驱动，不会执行属性封装
package cn.ies.data;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
/*
* 使用属性封装，获取输入值
* */
public class DataDemo2Action extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User>{
private User user = new User();
@Override
public User getModel() {
return user;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(user.toString());
return SUCCESS;
}
}
<3>表达式封装
a>.在action里面声明实体类，注意是声明；
b>、生成实体类变量的set和get方法。
c>.在表单输入项中name的属性值里面写形式表达式user.username
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/data4.action" method="post">
<label for="username">username</label>
<input type="text" name="user.username" id="username"/><br/>
<label for="password">password</label>
<input type="password" name="user.password" id="password"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- post请求方式 -->
<constant name="struts.iln8.encoding" value="utf-8"></constant>
<package name="data4" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="data4" class="cn.ies.data.DataDemo4Action">
<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
package cn.ies.data;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
/*
* 使用
* */
public class DataDemo4Action extends ActionSupport {
private User user;
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(user.toString());
return SUCCESS;
}
}
我们比较常用的表单数据的获取和封装就是以上几种了。接下来我么来介绍一下将数据封装到map和list集合之中。
五，将表单数据封装到List以及Map集合中
由前面我们已经知道，我们可以通过表达式的形式将表单的数据封装到单个实体类中，那么如果是多个实体类，如何单个封装就不可以了，这时候struts2为我们提供了封装list集合和map集合。
（1）List集合的封装
a>.在action里面声明List<User> list，注意是声明不是创建
b>、生成List集合变量的set和get方法。
c>.在表单输入项中name的属性值里面写形式表达式
list[0].username list[0].password
list[1].username list[1].password
===============================================================
表单：list.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/list.action" method="post">
<label for="username1">username</label>
<input type="text" name="list[0].username" id="username1"/><br/>
<label for="password1">password</label>
<input type="password" name="list[0].password" id="password1"/><br/>
<hr/>
<label for="username2">username</label>
<input type="text" name="list[1].username" id="username2"/><br/>
<label for="password2">password</label>
<input type="password" name="list[1].password" id="password2"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>package cn.ies.other;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import cn.ies.data.User;
public class ListAction extends ActionSupport {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
//声明list集合，并提供set和get的方法。
private List<User> list;
public void setList(List<User> list) {
this.list = list;
}
public List<User> getList() {
return list;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(list.toString());
return SUCCESS;
}
}
list.xml文件配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- post请求方式 -->
<constant name="struts.iln8.encoding" value="utf-8"></constant>
<package name="list" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="list" class="cn.ies.other.ListAction">
<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
============================================================================
(2)将数据封装到map集合中。
a>.在action里面声明Map<String,User> map，注意是声明不是创建
b>、生成Map<String,User>变量的set和get方法。
c>.在表单输入项中name的属性值里面写形式表达式
map['user1'].username map['user1'].password
map['user2'].username map['user2'].password
==============================
jsp界面：map.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/map.action" method="post">
<label for="username1">username</label>
<input type="text" name="map['user1'].username" id="username1"/><br/>
<label for="password1">password</label>
<input type="password" name="map['user1'].password" id="password1"/><br/>
<hr/>
<label for="username2">username</label>
<input type="text" name="map['user2'].username" id="username2"/><br/>
<label for="password2">password</label>
<input type="password" name="map['user2'].password" id="password2"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>package cn.ies.other;
import java.util.Map;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import cn.ies.data.User;
public class MapAction extends ActionSupport {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Map<String,User> map;
public Map<String, User> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, User> map) {
this.map = map;
}
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(map.toString());
return SUCCESS;struts2数据封装Demo下载
}
}新建配置文件map.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- post请求方式 -->
<constant name="struts.iln8.encoding" value="utf-8"></constant>
<package name="map" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<action name="map" class="cn.ies.other.MapAction">
<result name="success">/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
总结：struts提供了五种数据封装的模式，在开发中，经常使用的是第二种，但是遇到多个实例封装的时候，显然是满足不了的，多实例封装时，使用第三种：表达式封装
六：详细Demo下载地址：Strust2数据封装详解Demo下载
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