CodeForces703B Mishka and trip 数学

Little Mishka is a great traveller and she visited many countries. After thinking about where to travel this time, she chose XXX — beautiful, but little-known northern country.

Here are some interesting facts about XXX:

  1. XXX consists of n cities, k of whose (just imagine!) are capital cities.
  2. All of cities in the country are beautiful, but each is beautiful in its own way. Beauty value of i-th city equals to ci.
  3. All the cities are consecutively connected by the roads, including 1-st and n-th city, forming a cyclic route 1 — 2 — ... — n — 1. Formally, for every 1 ≤ i < n there is a road between i-th and i + 1-th city, and another one between 1-st and n-th city.
  4. Each capital city is connected with each other city directly by the roads. Formally, if city x is a capital city, then for every 1 ≤ i ≤ n,  i ≠ x, there is a road between cities x and i.
  5. There is at most one road between any two cities.
  6. Price of passing a road directly depends on beauty values of cities it connects. Thus if there is a road between cities i and j, price of passing it equals ci·cj.

Mishka started to gather her things for a trip, but didn't still decide which route to follow and thus she asked you to help her determine summary price of passing each of the roads in XXX. Formally, for every pair of cities a and b (a < b), such that there is a road between a and b you are to find sum of products ca·cb. Will you help her?

Input

The first line of the input contains two integers n and k (3 ≤ n ≤ 100 000, 1 ≤ k ≤ n) — the number of cities in XXX and the number of capital cities among them.

The second line of the input contains n integers c1, c2, ..., cn (1 ≤ ci ≤ 10 000) — beauty values of the cities.

The third line of the input contains k distinct integers id1, id2, ..., idk (1 ≤ idi ≤ n) — indices of capital cities. Indices are given in ascending order.

Output

Print the only integer — summary price of passing each of the roads in XXX.

Examples
input
4 1
2 3 1 2
3
output
17
input
5 2
3 5 2 2 4
1 4
output
71
Note

This image describes first sample case:

It is easy to see that summary price is equal to 17.

This image describes second sample case:

It is easy to see that summary price is equal to 71.


求解首都城市到其他城市的价值之和时,用前缀和来优化,并为避免重复,每处理一个首都城市就应该在前缀和中将其出去。


#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
typedef long long LL;
int c[100005];
int a[100005];
bool v[100005];
int main()
{
    int n,k;
    LL ans,sum;
    while(~scanf("%d%d",&n,&k)){
        ans=0;
        memset(v,false,sizeof(v));
        scanf("%d",&c[1]);
        sum=c[1];
        for(int i=2;i<=n;i++){
            scanf("%d",&c[i]);
             ans+=c[i]*c[i-1];
            sum+=c[i];
        }
        ans+=c[1]*c[n];
        for(int i=1;i<=k;i++){
            scanf("%d",&a[i]);
            v[a[i]]=true;
            int p=0;
            int q=0;
            if(a[i]==1){
                q=n;
            }else if(a[i]==n){
                p=-n;
            }
            sum-=c[a[i]];
            LL temp=sum;
            if(!v[a[i]+1+p]){
                temp-=c[a[i]+1+p];
            }
            if(!v[a[i]-1+q]){
                temp-=c[a[i]-1+q];
            }
            ans+=temp*c[a[i]];
        }
        cout<<ans<<endl;;
    }
    return 0;
}


虽然给定引用中未直接提及“Kuroni and Simple Strings”题目的详细信息,但通常这类题目可能与字符串处理、括号匹配等相关。一般而言,题目可能会给出一个由括号组成的字符串,要求找出能移除的最大数量的不相交的合法括号对,并输出移除这些括号对后的相关信息。 ### 解法分析 #### 栈解法 栈解法是处理括号匹配问题的经典方法。通过遍历字符串,将左括号压入栈中,遇到右括号时,若栈顶为左括号,则将栈顶元素弹出,表示这是一对匹配的括号。 ```python s = input() stack = [] pairs = [] for i, char in enumerate(s): if char == '(': stack.append(i) else: if stack: left_index = stack.pop() pairs.append((left_index + 1, i + 1)) if not pairs: print(0) else: print(1) print(len(pairs) * 2) result = [] for l, r in pairs: result.extend([l, r]) result.sort() print(" ".join(map(str, result))) ``` #### 双指针解法 双指针解法从字符串的两端向中间遍历,分别使用两个指针 `left` 和 `right`。`left` 指针从左向右寻找 `(`,`right` 指针从右向左寻找 `)`,当找到一对匹配的括号时,将它们标记为已移除,继续寻找下一对匹配的括号,直到无法再找到匹配的括号为止。 ```python s = input() n = len(s) left = 0 right = n - 1 pairs = [] while left < right: while left < right and s[left] != '(': left += 1 while left < right and s[right] != ')': right -= 1 if left < right: pairs.append((left + 1, right + 1)) left += 1 right -= 1 if not pairs: print(0) else: print(1) print(len(pairs) * 2) result = [] for l, r in pairs: result.extend([l, r]) result.sort() print(" ".join(map(str, result))) ``` ### 复杂度分析 - **栈解法**:时间复杂度为 $O(n)$,其中 $n$ 是字符串的长度。空间复杂度为 $O(n)$,主要用于栈的空间开销。 - **双指针解法**:时间复杂度为 $O(n)$,空间复杂度为 $O(n)$,主要用于存储匹配的括号对。
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