写在前面:
前两篇博客我们分别介绍了简单java GUI的基本结构及事件监听机制。这一次我们将介绍双事件(多事件)监听机制,并引入内部类。
1.设计任务
设计一个GUI,包含基本组件:按钮(两个),标签(一个),随机颜色圆-面板(一个),要求点击其中一个按钮可以改变标签文字,点击另一个按钮可以改变圆的颜色,实现双事件监听。
2.任务分析
本任务的难度在于双事件如何同时监听。我们已经知道,要实现事件监听,就必须实现ActionListener接口并具体实现actionPerformed方法。但是注意对于任何一个实现ActionListener接口的类而言,只能实现一个actionPerformed方法,那么如何对两个不同的按钮实施监听并且有不同的actionPerformed方法处理呢?我们使用内部类解决这个问题。内部类的形式如下所示:
class Outer {
int outer_int;
class Inner {
int inner_int;
}
使用内部类的一个好处是在内部类中,可以直接使用外部类中的属性和方法。我们用以下代码试图实现本设计任务。
3.代码Version1
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class newTwoButtons {
JFrame frame;
JLabel label;
public static void main(String[] args) {
newTwoButtons tb = new newTwoButtons();
tb.go();
}
public void go() {
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
label = new JLabel("I am waiting for you!");
JButton labelButton = new JButton("Change a label");
labelButton.addActionListener(new LabelListener());
JButton circleButton = new JButton("Change a circle");
circleButton.addActionListener(new CircleListener());
MyDrawPanel myPanel = new MyDrawPanel();
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.EAST, labelButton);
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, circleButton);
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.WEST, label);
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.CENTER, myPanel);
frame.setSize(300, 300);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
class LabelListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
label.setText("OhCh!");
}
}
class CircleListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
frame.repaint();
}
}
}
class MyDrawPanel extends JPanel {
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { // this method is called every time the button is clicked
g.fillRect(0, 0, this.getWidth(), this.getHeight());
int red = (int) (Math.random() * 255);
int green = (int) (Math.random() * 255);
int blue = (int) (Math.random() * 255);
Color randomColor = new Color(red, green, blue);
g.setColor(randomColor); // Set random color
g.fillOval(70, 70, 100, 100); // Make a oval(circle)
}
}
4.结果测试
将窗口适当拉大以显示所有组件,如下图所示。
点击“change a circle”按钮,结果如下图所示:
说明“change a circle”按钮工作正常。
接下来点击“change a label”按钮,结果如下图所示:
我们看到,屏幕左方的label文字改变了,说明“change a label”按钮工作正常。不!等等!我们惊奇地发现圆形的颜色也改变了,可是我们并没有点击“change a circle”按钮啊!
为什么会这样呢?
5.问题在哪
其实,我们在尝试拉动窗口调整大小时,圆形的颜色也会改变,附图如下所示:
那么这里可以推断出当panel组件大小发生变化时(比如点击“change a label”按钮导致panel左侧区域展宽或者直接拉动窗口展宽),paintComponent函数就会执行。而我们希望的是,除了第一次生成图形之外,当且仅当点击“change a circle”按钮,才执行paintComponent函数。
6.解决方案
由以上分析我们可以初步给出一个方案:设置flag,当flag为false时不执行paintComponent函数,仅当其为true时才执行。给出代码如下所示:
7.代码Version2
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class newTwoButtons {
JFrame frame;
JLabel label;
boolean flag = false;
public static void main(String[] args) {
newTwoButtons tb = new newTwoButtons();
tb.go();
}
public void go() {
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
label = new JLabel("I am waiting for you!");
JButton labelButton = new JButton("Change a label");
labelButton.addActionListener(new LabelListener());
JButton circleButton = new JButton("Change a circle");
circleButton.addActionListener(new CircleListener());
flag = true;
MyDrawPanel myPanel = new MyDrawPanel();
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.EAST, labelButton);
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, circleButton);
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.WEST, label);
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.CENTER, myPanel);
frame.setSize(300, 300);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
class LabelListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
label.setText("OhCh!");
}
}
class CircleListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
flag = true;
frame.repaint();
}
}
class MyDrawPanel extends JPanel {
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { // this method is called every time the button is clicked
g.fillRect(0, 0, this.getWidth(), this.getHeight());
if (flag == true) {
int red = (int) (Math.random() * 255);
int green = (int) (Math.random() * 255);
int blue = (int) (Math.random() * 255);
Color randomColor = new Color(red, green, blue);
g.setColor(randomColor); // Set random color
g.fillOval(70, 70, 100, 100); // Make a oval(circle)
flag = false;
}
}
}
}
8.仍有问题?
测试发现,虽然现在只有点击按钮才能改变圆形的颜色,但是当改变窗口大小时,panel内圆形不显示(即paintComponent函数只执行了一个语句),这也并不是我们想要的结果。
9.最终方案
为了解决这个问题,我们的最终方案是使color成为公共变量,这样在扩展窗口时,依然执行paintComponent函数,但是绘图的颜色与上一次没有变化。代码如下所示:
10.代码Version3
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class newTwoButtons {
JFrame frame;
JLabel label;
boolean flag = false;
int red = 0, green = 0, blue = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) {
newTwoButtons tb = new newTwoButtons();
tb.go();
}
public void go() {
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
label = new JLabel("I am waiting for you!");
JButton labelButton = new JButton("Change a label");
labelButton.addActionListener(new LabelListener());
JButton circleButton = new JButton("Change a circle");
circleButton.addActionListener(new CircleListener());
flag = true;
MyDrawPanel myPanel = new MyDrawPanel();
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.EAST, labelButton);
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, circleButton);
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.WEST, label);
frame.getContentPane().add(BorderLayout.CENTER, myPanel);
frame.setSize(300, 300);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
class LabelListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
label.setText("OhCh!");
}
}
class CircleListener implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
flag = true;
frame.repaint();
}
}
class MyDrawPanel extends JPanel {
public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { // this method is called every time the button is clicked
g.fillRect(0, 0, this.getWidth(), this.getHeight());
if (flag == true) {
red = (int) (Math.random() * 255);
green = (int) (Math.random() * 255);
blue = (int) (Math.random() * 255);
Color randomColor = new Color(red, green, blue);
g.setColor(randomColor); // Set random color
g.fillOval(70, 70, 100, 100); // Make a oval(circle)
flag = false;
} else {
Color randomColor2 = new Color(red, green, blue);
g.setColor(randomColor2); // Set random color
g.fillOval(70, 70, 100, 100); // Make a oval(circle)
}
}
}
}