达梦数据库备份还原

1)修改数据库为 MOUNT 状态。
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;
2)配置本地归档。
ALTER DATABASE ADD ARCHIVELOG 'DEST = /home/dmdba/arch, TYPE = local,FILE_SIZE = 512, SPACE_LIMIT = 10240';
3)开启归档模式。
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
alter system set 'ARCH_INI'=1 both;--打开归档 修改dm.ini ARCH_INI=1   数据库为mount状态才能改
select arch_mode from v$database;--查看是否打开归档
修改数据库为 OPEN 状态。
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

主备切换
在监视器中
login
用户名：SYSDBA
密码：SYSDBA
switchover GRP1（组名）.GRP1_RT_02（要切换成主库的备库实例名）
switchover GRP1.GRP1_RWW_01

热备(全量备份)
SQL>backup database backupset '/home/dmdba/bak1';

冷备(全量备份)
RMAN> backup database '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' backupset '/home/dmdba/bak1';

全量备份的还原
RMAN> restore  database '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/home/dmdba/bak1';
RMAN>  recover  database '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' from backupset '/home/dmdba/bak1';
RMAN>  recover  database '/home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic;

增量备份  bak2是增量
SQL>BACKUP DATABASE INCREMENT WITH BACKUPDIR '/home/bak1' BACKUPSET '/home/bak2';
增量还原
RESTORE DATABASE '/dm20211008/DAMENG/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/home/bak2' WITH BACKUPDIR '/home/bak1';
recover DATABASE '/dm20211008/DAMENG/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/home/bak2';
recover DATABASE '/dm20211008/DAMENG/dm.ini' update db_magic;

归档还原 
关闭数据库，打开 RMAN 还原数据库
RESTORE DATABASE '/dmdata/DAMENG/dm.ini' FROM BACKUPSET '/dmdata/dmbak';
基于时间点的不完全恢复： RECOVER DATABASE...UNTIL TIME
RECOVER DATABASE '/dmdata/DAMENG/dm.ini' WITH ARCHIVEDIR'/dmdata/arch' UNTIL TIME'2021-07-21 14:21:22';
或者使用基于 LSN 的不完全恢复 ：RECOVER DATABASE...UNTIL LSN 
RECOVER DATABASE '/dmdata/DAMENG/dm.ini' WITH ARCHIVEDIR'/dmdata/arch' UNTIL LSN 46718;
更新db_magic
RECOVER DATABASE '/dmdata/DAMENG/dm.ini' UPDATE DB_MAGIC;

mount方式启动
alter database standby;

压缩备份集
BACKUP DATABASE BACKUPSET '/home/dm_bak/db_bak_3_06' COMPRESSED LEVEL 1;

bakcup database full backupset '/home/dmdba……'  compressed level 1 parallel 8 ;   ----多线程备份 并行备份 指定压缩级别

SP_INIT_JOB_SYS(1);--创建作业环境  定时备份  周一到周六增量备份 周日全量备份

call SP_CREATE_JOB('full_bak',1,0,'',0,0,'',0,'');
call SP_JOB_CONFIG_START('full_bak');
call SP_ADD_JOB_STEP('full_bak', 'S1', 6, '01000000/dmdata/backup/full_bak', 0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0);
call SP_ADD_JOB_SCHEDULE('full_bak', 'S2', 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, '23:00:00', NULL, '2021-10-16 05:49:23', NULL, '');
call SP_JOB_CONFIG_COMMIT('full_bak');

call SP_CREATE_JOB('incre_bak',1,0,'',0,0,'',0,'');
call SP_JOB_CONFIG_START('incre_bak');
call SP_ADD_JOB_STEP('incre_bak', 'S1', 6, '11000000/dmdata/backup/full_bak|/dmdata/backup/inc_bak', 0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0);
call SP_ADD_JOB_SCHEDULE('incre_bak', 'S2', 1, 2, 1, 126, 0, '23:00:00', NULL, '2021-10-16 11:13:47', NULL, '');
call SP_JOB_CONFIG_COMMIT('incre_bak');