HttpUtils 工具类

HttpUtils工具类

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.12.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>

代码



import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpUtils {
    private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connMgr;
    private static RequestConfig requestConfig;
    private static final int            MAX_TIMEOUT    = 50000;

    private static final Logger logger    = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpUtils.class);

    static {
        // 设置连接池
        connMgr = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
        // 设置连接池大小
        connMgr.setMaxTotal(100);
        connMgr.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(connMgr.getMaxTotal());
        // Validate connections after 1 sec of inactivity
        connMgr.setValidateAfterInactivity(5000);
        RequestConfig.Builder configBuilder = RequestConfig.custom();
        // 设置连接超时
        configBuilder.setConnectTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
        // 设置读取超时
        configBuilder.setSocketTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);
        // 设置从连接池获取连接实例的超时
        configBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(MAX_TIMEOUT);

        requestConfig = configBuilder.build();
    }

    /**
     * 发送 GET 请求(HTTP),不带输入数据
     *
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGet(String url) {
        return doGet(url, new HashMap<String, Object>());
    }

    /**
     * 发送 GET 请求(HTTP),K-V形式
     *
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, Object> params) {
        String apiUrl = url;
        StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();
        int i = 0;
        for (String key : params.keySet()) {
            if (i == 0)
                param.append("?");
            else
                param.append("&");
            param.append(key).append("=").append(params.get(key));
            i++;
        }
        apiUrl += param;
        String result = null;
        HttpClient httpClient = null;
        if (apiUrl.startsWith("https")) {
            httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(createSSLConnSocketFactory())
                    .setConnectionManager(connMgr).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
        } else {
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        }
        try {
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(apiUrl);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity != null) {
                InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
                result = IOUtils.toString(instream, "UTF-8");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 发送 POST 请求(HTTP),不带输入数据
     *
     * @param apiUrl
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String apiUrl) {
        return doPost(apiUrl, new HashMap<String, Object>());
    }

    /**
     * 发送 POST 请求,K-V形式
     *
     * @param apiUrl
     *            API接口URL
     * @param params
     *            参数map
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String apiUrl, Map<String, Object> params) {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        if (apiUrl.startsWith("https")) {
            httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(createSSLConnSocketFactory())
                    .setConnectionManager(connMgr).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
        } else {
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        }
        String httpStr = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(apiUrl);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        try {
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
            List<NameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<>(params.size());
            for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {
                NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()!=null?entry.getValue().toString():"");
                pairList.add(pair);
            }
            httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList, Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            httpStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return httpStr;
    }

    /**
     * 发送 POST 请求,JSON形式,接收端需要支持json形式,否则取不到数据
     *
     * @param apiUrl
     * @param json
     *            json对象
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String apiUrl, String json) {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
        if (apiUrl.startsWith("https")) {
            httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(createSSLConnSocketFactory()).setConnectionManager(connMgr).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
        } else {
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        }
        String httpStr = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(apiUrl);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        try {
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
            StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json, "UTF-8");// 解决中文乱码问题
            stringEntity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            stringEntity.setContentType("application/json");
            httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            httpStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return httpStr;
    }

    /**
     * 创建SSL安全连接
     *
     * @return
     */
    private static SSLConnectionSocketFactory createSSLConnSocketFactory() {
        SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = null;
        try {
            SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {

                public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
                    return true;
                }
            }).build();
            sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new HostnameVerifier() {

                @Override
                public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
                    return true;
                }
            });
        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return sslsf;
    }



}
### 解决 HttpUtils 工具类 403 Forbidden 错误 当遇到 `HttpUtils` 工具类返回 403 Forbidden 错误时,通常意味着客户端发送的请求未被服务器授权访问所请求资源。此问题可能由多种原因引起。 #### 可能的原因分析 1. **缺少必要的头部信息** 如果请求中缺失某些必需的头字段(如 User-Agent 或者特定 API 要求的身份验证令牌),则可能会触发 403 错误[^1]。 2. **跨域资源共享 (CORS) 设置不当** 当前端应用程序尝试向不同源发起 HTTP 请求而目标服务器不允许该操作时也会发生这种情况。这可以通过配置响应中的适当 CORS 头来解决[^2]。 3. **IP 地址黑名单/白名单限制** 某些 Web 应用程序会基于 IP 地址实施安全策略;如果发出请求的 IP 不在允许列表内,则会被拒绝访问并返回 403 状态码。 4. **身份验证失败** 对于受保护的内容,在没有提供有效凭证的情况下试图获取这些内容同样会导致此类错误消息显示给用户。 #### 实现方案建议 针对上述情况可以采取如下措施: - 添加必要请求头以满足服务端需求: ```java HttpURLConnection connection = null; try { URL url = new URL("http://example.com/api"); connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); // 设置User-Agent和其他所需header connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0"); connection.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 发送post请求必须设置如下两行 connection.setDoOutput(true); connection.setDoInput(true); // 获取OutputStream对象指向URL连接的输出流 OutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream(); // 创建字符写出流并指定编码为UTF-8 BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream,"UTF-8")); // 参数之间使用&链接即可,此处可自行修改参数名和值 String params="name=value"; writer.write(params); writer.flush(); writer.close(); outputStream.close(); int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode(); System.out.println("\nSending 'POST' request to URL : " + url); System.out.println("Post parameters : " + params); System.out.println("Response Code : " + responseCode); } catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } finally{ if(connection != null){ connection.disconnect(); } } ``` - 修改服务器端代码确保正确处理跨域请求: ```python from flask_cors import cross_origin @app.route('/api/data') @cross_origin() def some_data(): return {"message": "This is accessible"} ``` 通过以上调整应该能够有效地减少甚至消除因权限不足而导致的 403 Forbidden 响应。
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